Undergraduate Theses
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Item Fecundity and Oocyte size in the flyingfish (Cheilopogon arcticeps) from Lanuza Bay, Surigao Del SurBelaza, Yeuclaire Dorothy M. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2018-06)The relationship of fecundity and oocyte diameter to body size and other reproductive aspects of the flying fish, Cheilopogon arcticeps in Lanuza Bay were investigated in this study. Gravimetric method or weight method was used in order to estimate the fecundity of 35 mature female C.arcticeps ranging from 17.8-23.6 cm standard length. Total fecundity of C.arcticeps ranged from 1,126 - 41,684 while its oocyte diameter ranged from 0.8 -3.6 mm. The relationship of fecundity to standard length (SL) showed variable results and poor correlation. This may be indicative of a unique reproductive strategy of this species. Egg size to standard length showed an increasing trend but a weak correlation. In general smaller egg diameters were observed in smaller size class SL and bigger egg diameters appear in larger SL. The relationship of fecundity to gonad weight showed a positive linear correlation and increasing data .Thus as gonad weight increases, fecundity increases too. The correlation between fecundity and total length shows a weak relationship, however the correlation between fecundity and gonad weight show a stronger relationship. The present study aim to exhibit additional information on the rare documentation of flyingfish in the country.Item The effect of seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) as a partial substitute for commercial feed on the growth of chickenBedia, Alma Mae S. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-08)The study determined whether the use of seaweed (Kappaphycus aIvarezii) in different amounts as a partial substitute to commercial feeds would enhance the growth of chickens, reduce feed consumption, increase feed efficiency, and increase profit. The chickens were first fed with commercial broiler starter mash feeds for 15 days. Then, on the 16th day to the 35th day, the chickens were fed with different combinations in 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 ratios of commercial broiler finisher feeds to K. alvarezii. Chickens fed with purely commercial broiler finisher feeds served as the control. Feed consumption, liveweight gain, and feed efficiency were computed every three days, while Profitability was determined at the end of the experimental period. Results showed that the use of K. alvarezii as a partial substitute to commercial broiler finisher feeds in a 1: 1 ratio increased the profit as well as the growth of the chickens, and it is comparable to that in the control (fed with purely commercial broiler finisher feeds). When the amount of K. alvarezii in the feed ration is more than 50% (1:1 ratio), it was observed that it would hamper the growth of the broilers.Item Optimization of parameters for the Fe-humic acid complex formation using cyclic voltammetryBautista, Coleen M. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2019-06)Humic acid extracted from an artesian well located at Sta. Barbara, Iloilo was used to generate an Fe-HA complex as a potential additive to bio floc systems to augment the essential mineral Fe. The humic acid obtained was black in color and had a powdery texture after oven-drying. The Fe-HA complex were prepared using Fe3+ ions at different pH values specifically at pH 8, 9 and 10. Formation of the complex was investigated using the cyclic voltammetry to determine the ideal conditions to maximize the binding of the metal ion. The results showed that there are two oxidation and reduction cycles which suggests that there are two species undergoing oxidation and reduction. It is possible that the free iron and the Fe in the complex are undergoing a redox cycle although the quinone group in the humic acid can also act as a redox center. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy can help corroborate the amount of complex formed to help deduce the redox active center.Item Phytochemical screening, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the crude ethanolic extract of calamansi (Citrus microcarpa) peelsBaquiano, Clarie Dean C. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-06)Citrus fruits are well-known sources of vitamin C, and like most other whole foods, they also contain an impressive list of other essential nutrients and high amounts of phytochemicals. Calamansi, scientifically known as Citrus microcarpa, is a native citrus plant cultivated throughout the Philippines. Calamansi is chiefly utilized for its pulp and juice but the peels and pressed pulp, covering each individual segment of the edible portion and seeds are considered as wastes and thrown away. To further utilize the rind or peels, this study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the crude ethanolic extract of C. microcarpa peels. Presence of select phytochemicals was also tested. The antioxidant and antibacterial activities were investigated using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay and Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion susceptibility method, respectively. Results of the phytochemical screening have confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, steroids and saponins in the extract. Crude ethanolic extract of C. microcarpa peels also showed activity against DPPH radicals with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 14.46 pL/mL, a much higher IC50 value compared to the positive control, ascorbic acid, with 8.36 pL/mL. The antibacterial activity assay of the extract showed minimal inhibition against E. coli and S. aureus.Item Decomposition of sugarcane bagasse by TrichodermaBangilan, Ma. Irish P. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-04)Sugarcane bagasse, an end-product after extraction of the juice of the sugarcane, was composted with the aid of Trichoderma, a compost fungus activator which shortens the decomposition process of farm wastes. Decomposition process was observed through the changes in temperature and substrate consistency. An average of 94 days was noted for a complete decomposition of 900 kg bagasse. Analysis of bagasse compost gave 0.78% nitrogen, 4.94% phosphorus, in the form of P2O5 and 1.55% potassium, in the form of K 2O. It showed that composted bagasse is a good source of phosporus but poor in nitrogen and potassium. The compost, nevertheless, can also be a good soil conditioner.Item Historical analysis of Hippeatrum puniceum (Var) Lam.Bañas, Shirlyn L. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1996-03)A histochemical study Hipppeastrum puniceum, a bulbous plant of Family Amaryllidaceae, was performed to screen the plant for the presence of medically important substances that could be responsible for its curative powers. Results of the analyses showed that the leaf reacted positively to tests for presence of aldehydes, alkaloids, amygdalin, and arbutin; the roots tested positive for aldehydes, alkaloids, amygdalin, lecithin, oxalic acid, saponins, and tartaric acid. The bulb had aldehydes, alkaloids, amygdalin, arbutin, lecithin, saponins and tannins. On the other hand, the leaf, root, and bulb yielded negative results in the tests for presence of presence of citric acid, formic acid, lignin, and phytosterol.Item Comparing the quercetin content of different Allium sp. by spectrophotometryAsuelo, Allen Daryl F. (Division of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2007-04)Quercetin from two Allium sp. was extracted sequentially with solvents of varying degrees of polarity. The crude quercetin was subjected to chemical tests and the concentration determined by using Shimadzu mini UV-Vis 1240 Spectrophotometer. Results of the study showed that the extraction procedure used was effective in extracting quercetin. This was verified by the identical spectrum obtained with quercetin from the standard (Quercetin Complex) with the IR spectrum of quercetin obtained from the literature. The crude quercetin was positive to the both chemical tests, namely Baeyer's and Ferric chloride tests, subjected to it. Quercetin content in red onions was obtained with mean concentrations of 10.60 mg/kg at 362nm and 7.429 mg/kg at 370nm. Quercetin content in garlic was obtained with mean concentrations of 9.692 mg/kg at 362nm and 5.689 mg/kg at 370nm. The quercetin concentration measured at 370nm was quercetin another wavelength at 362nm measured the concentration of quercetin as flavonols. The result of One-way ANOVA at 0.05a showed that there is a significant difference in the quercetin content between red onions and garlic.Item The effects of RA 9136 (EPIRA) on organizational effectiveness: A descriptive comparative case study of Iloilo Electric CooperativeBagundang, Farizah Joy P. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2012-04)The national energy problem led to the reform of the Philippine power industry through RA 9136 of 2001 (EPIRA), aimed at improving energy supply and lowering electricity rates through private sector participation in service delivery. This study examined the case of Iloilo Electric Cooperative (ILECO) 1, one of the largest cooperatives in the Province of Iloilo, in evaluating the effects of institutional reform to organizational effectiveness. The study utilized key informant interviews to obtain primary data on institutional reforms and community survey to gather primary data on ILECO 1’s services and consumer welfare. A total of 132 residential and commercial respondents in the Municipality of Miagao, randomly selected based on the total number of registered businesses and household population of barangay, participated in a community survey. The results posit that centralization, instead of decentralization, improves organizational efficiency. Nevertheless, decentralization improved consumers’ access to electricity while restructuring improved the cooperative’s access to energy supply. However, decentralization and restructuring are ineffective in lowering electricity rates and in responding to consumer complaints. Despite this, survey shows that the cooperative’s performance significantly improved today than five years ago. This study contributes to the understanding of the national problem on energy and on the effectiveness of institutional reforms.Item Molluscicidal effect of quicklime, CaO on golden snail (Pomacea canaliculata)Baibado, Joewel Tarra (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1998-03)The golden snail (Pomacea canaliculata) is presently a major pest of rice in lowland and rainfed areas through out the Philippines . The problem of golden snail infestation in rice farming system includes damage to the rice plants, rice yield losses, additional expense, side effects of chemicals and destructive effect on native snails . The study was conducted to evaluate the molluscicidal effect of calcium oxide for the control of golden snails in farmlands and to determine the 96hour LC50 in order to know the lethal concentration of calcium oxide to golden snails. Calcium oxide was found to have a molluscicidal activity on golden snails The golden snails were exposed to different concentrations namely. 100 ppm. 200 ppm. 300 ppm .400 ppm. and 500 ppm Remarkable lethal effects of calcium oxide (p<0.05) has been found in 4(H) and 500 ppm concentrations which has reached 60-100 % after the 96 hour treatment. The 96-hour LC50 within the 95% confidence interval was 322.02 ppm as computed Calcium oxide is safe on rice when used as a molluscicide It performs dual function as fertilizer/soil stabilizer and molluscide. These dual effects are very significant because it means big savings on the part of the rice farmers. Considering the prevalence of this pest, farmers spend much on molluscicides and their application. With calcium oxide, the farmer has a molluscicide and soil stabilizer in one application.Item Partial purification of pH indicator extracted from Rhoeo spathaceaApa, Junna T. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2009-04)pH test papers are still utilized nowadays despite the prevalence of pH meters, because it is more convenient to use in measuring the pH of a certain substance. The use of natural dye as a pH indicator can serve as a good substitute for an expensive commercial dye that most high schools cannot afford. The pH test papers were prepared by impregnation of 0.03% pure dye extracted from Rhoeo spathacea. TLC was performed to partially remove other plant dye components from the pH active ingredient. The color transition chart was then created at pH ranging from 1.0-13.0 at one unit interval using phosphate buffer. The color transition chart of pure dye extract was compared to the color transition chart of crude dye extract at different pH. Paper impregnated with 0.03% partially purified indicator dye extracted from Rhoeo spathacea showed color transitions from pink to red violet at pH 1.0-3.0; red violet to lavender at pH 3.0-4.0; lavender to blue at pH 4.0-7.0; blue to blue green at pH 7.0-8.0; blue green to green at pH 8.0-11.0; green to yellow green at pH 11.0-12.0; and yellow green to yellow at pH 12.0-13.0. Results also showed that the purified dye extract is a better pH indicator in comparison with the crude dye extract. Spectrophotometric determination of pKa of the indicator was unsuccessful due to the strong overlapping of the UV-Vis spectrum of the acidic and basic forms of the plant dye extract. Titration results showed that the plant indicator can serve as a substitute for the methyl red and phenolphthalein indicators for strong acid-strong base and weak acid-strong base titration, but not for weak acid-weak base titration.