Undergraduate Theses

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A benchmark survey on the cyanide and protein content in the leaves and roots of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Iloilo
Bacolod, Hanny Joy C. (Division of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2006-04)
The cyanide and protein content of the roots and the leaves of the cassava samples were determined. Samples were taken from five locations, namely, Mambatad, Miagao; Poblacion, Lambunao; Ambarihon, Tubungan; Naclub, Miagao; and Calampitao, Miagao. This study shows the levels of cyanide and protein in the roots and leaves of the cassava samples from the five selected locations in the province of Iloilo only. It does not establish any concrete conclusion on the cyanide and protein content of the cassava in Iloilo. Based on the results, the amount of cyanide varies among parts of the plant with an average of 229 ppm in the leaves and 100 ppm in the roots. It also varies among varieties in the same location, the white root variety having 125 ppm cyanide in the roots and 202 ppm in the leaves, while the yellow root variety has an average of 58.2 ppm cyanide in the roots and 263 ppm in the leaves. Different locations also have different levels of cyanide. Cyanide content also decreases in the roots as the period of storage is prolonged. The level of cyanide in the white root variety from Lambunao decreased by 17.1% on the 2nd day and 61.5% on the 3rd day, while the yellow root variety, also from Lambunao, decreased by only 4.3% on the 2nd day and 30.1% on the third day. Total soluble protein in the leaves (0.12%) of the samples is higher than in the roots (0.11%) . Among the roots, the amount of protein varies. It was found out that there is a significant correlation (0.750 at 0.05 level) between the amount of protein in the roots and that in the leaves of the samples.
A comparison on the effect of light on melanophore differentiation in the larval stage of frog, Hyla sp.
Araneta, Merrie Celine E. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1996-03)
Three set-ups were exposed to different experimental conditions namely: set-up A. under prolonged light: set-up B. under prolonged darkness: set-up C. under normal condition. Observation was done under the dissecting microscope from the first appearance of melanophores until the migration was stabilized. The pattern of differentiation was observed to be the same in all set-ups. only the distribution and the color intensity differred. B was the darkest and C was the lightest. It only showed that light could not, alter the pattern of melanophore differentiation, only the distribution.
A critical analysis of the movie "Bikini Open"
Aportadera, Ela Vanessa; Azarcon, Rudylyne; Baldeviso, Donna Marie; Novelo, Fiona; Punsalan, Jona Marie (Division Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2005-10-21)
This study entitled "A Critical Analysis of the Movie Bikini Open," will find out whether the said film affirms the real state of Philippine Mass Media. The study aims to identify the issues on Phi lippine media depicted in the movie, point out the issues confronting media in the Philippine society, determine the similarities and differences of the issues depicted in the movie with the current state of Philippine media and society, analyze the issues reflected in the movie in the context of Philippine media and society, and point out the implications of the movie on the Philippine media and society. Twelve professionals from Iloilo City coming from the academe, television, radio, and print media and the film's director served as respondents of the study. The study used Critical Theories of Communication in analyzing the film in the context of Philippine media and society. Results of the study indicate that Philippine media tends to serve the interest of the dominating class such as advertisers and media owners who exercise power over those below them intheir pursuit of economic interests. Philippine mass media is leaning towards the practice wherein corporate responsibility takes over social responsibility. With competition, the media resorted to sensationalism and exploitation. Moreover, media content is used as a commodity in order to sell. Finally Philippine media serves as a potent force in shaping the way of life of the people. Although such ills in the media occur, this does not generally speak for the entire Philippine mass media. Thus, this study concluded that the film "Bikini Open" partly affirmed the state of Philippine media in reality.
A descriptive study on how adolescents respond to value-bearing communication
Asong, Mariver A.; Bobe, Minnie Marie M.; Guadalquiver, Nanette L.; Jalover, Carol P.; Niembra, Lorlyn C.; Rasmo, Anna Vina Lisa L.; Salazar, Ma. Jonalyn U.; Tupas, Euridice L. (Division of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1995-03)
This study is an attempt to re-validate the study framework of Dr. Jacobson Kliatchko, which he used in his dissertation entitled, Communication and Attitude Development: A Philosophical Perspective. The framework deals with the development of attitudes after exposure to value-bearing communication. Because this study does not deal with the cause and effect relationship, the variables are rather called as components. The components of such study framework are: environment, value-bearing communication, and attitude. In this study, the environment is Marillac Academy. The value-bearing communication is the module on good study habits. And the attitude is the study habits of the respondents. needed data. Purposive sampling was used to determine the respondents. The essays and interviews with the students and the questionnaires filled up by the parents were the instruments designed to elicit the needed data. The general objective of this study is to determine how adolescents respond to value-bearing communication. Results reveal that although most of the respondents did not follow their study schedule, all of them have allotted time for their studies as reflected by the filled up observation sheets accomplished by the parents. This suggests that there is favorable response on the part of the respondents towards value-bearing communication. The study framework of Dr. Kliatchko that was used in the study shows that there is indeed an attitude formed when a value-bearing communication is inputted to a certain environment.
A historical analysis of Pintado (Euphorbia heterophylla)
Alcarde, Annabelle Z. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-03)
A histochemical study on Euphorbia heterophylla, a shrubby plant of the Family Euphorbiaceae was performed to screen the plant for the presence of medically important substances that could be responsible for its curative powers. Results of the analysis showed that aldehydes are highly detectable in the stem (xylem and phloem); moderately detectable in the leaf (xylem), stem (epidermis and vascular cambium), root (phloem) and flower (ovary); and slightly detectable in the flower (calyx). Alkaloids are moderately detectable in the stem (xylem, vascular cambium, and phloem) and slightly detectable in the leaf (xylem, vascular cambium, epidermis, and phloem). Amygdalin is highly detectable in the leaf (xylem) and stem (epidermis); moderately detectable in the root (phloem), and fruit (seed and pericarp); and slightly detectable in the root (xylem) and the flower (ovary). Arbutin is highly detectable in the xylem of the leaf and pericarp of the fruit; moderately detectable in the phloem of the leaf and vascular cambium of the stem; and slightly detectable in the stem (xylem, phloem, and epidermis), root (xylem), and flower (ovary). Saponins are highly detectable in the leaf (xylem, phloem, and epidermis), (xylem), root (xylem and phloem), flower (calyx and ovary) and fruit (seed). Formic acid is moderately detectable in the leaf and stem (epidermis), and slightly detectable in the stem and root (xylem). Oxalic acid is slightly detectable in the stem (phloem). Tannins are highly detectable in the stem (xylem and phloem) and fruit (pericarp); moderately detectable in the leaf (xylem and phloem) and fruit (seed); and slightly detectable in the stem (epidermis).
A novel water-in-oil-in-water emulsion to encapsulate antibacterial agents
Balcarcel, Angelica V. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2018-06)
Encapsulating bioactive compounds can protect them from adverse conditions. This study aimed to encapsulate bioactive agents in a stable multiple emulsion system using a material that can be recovered easily from a product abundant here in the country. Results of the study revealed that the method of encapsulation used is effective in encapsulating and releasing the bioactive compound encapsulated. The antibacterial activity determination showed that encapsulated chlorhexidine is effective against both S. aureus and E. coli bacteria. Further investigation was made by encapsulating aqueous guava (Psidium guajava) extract in the same emulsion system (water-in-oil- in-water) using recovered coconut milk protein (CMP) as a gelling agent. The evaluation of the stability of the emulsions revealed that the treatment with 40% guava extract in the aqueous phase of its primary emulsion (Emulsion 3) is the most stable among the other treatments. This treatment showed the smallest droplet size range and most uniformed droplet sizes. The creaming index of this treatment also showed the lowest values after three (3) weeks of storage. On the other hand, the treatment with 60% guava extract in the aqueous phase of its primary emulsion (Emulsion 4) appeared to be the most stable against heating. However, no antibacterial activity was observed for any of the emulsion systems both S. aureus and E. coli bacteria. Additional test revealed that the bioactive compound present in the plant extract was disrupted by the sonication process
A preliminary investigation of the antibacterial activity of the alkaloidal constituent of Hyptis suaveolens Poit (Family Labiatae)
Alcayde, Glenn G. (Division of Physical Sciences & Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1999-03)
This study determined the effectiveness of the alkaloidal constituent on the leaves ofHyptis suaveolens against the four bacteria namely S. aureus, B. subtil is E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, and two fungi namely C. albicans and S. cerevisae. The alkaloidal constituent was first detected using the Culvenor-Fitzgerald method. It was then separated in the form of an alkaloidal residue. The residue was separated further using column chromatography. This process resulted in three fraction isolates.These three fraction isolates were purified and determined their physical properties. Finally, each fraction isolate was prepared into three concentrations, 100%, 50%, and 25%. The isolates of three concentrations were then tested on six microorganisms and growth of inhibition was measured. Results showed that the three fraction isolates in three different concentrations exhibited no antibacterial and antifungal effect
A preliminary study on the extraction of alginic acid from three species of brown algae: Sargassum polycystum, Sargassum cristaefolium and Turbinaria sp. in Taklong Is.,Guimaras
Adelantar, Geoffrey V. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1996-04)
Three species of brown algae were harvested in Taklong Is., Guimaras. These were Sargassum polycystum, Sargassum cristaefolium, and Turbinaria sp. These brown algae were subjected to physical and chemical treatment to extract and compare the amount of their alginic acid in the form of sodium alginate. Four seaweed collections for extraction were made between August to December, 1995. Values obtained during the first three extractions gave almost similar results. S. polycystum exhibited the highest percentage yield of sodium alginate with a mean of 22.84%. It was followed by S. cristaefolium at 22.21%. Turbinaria sp. gave the lowest yield with a mean of 14.12%. The last extraction somehow showed a decrease in the percentage yield of all three samples. S. polycystum yielded just 20.00%, S. cristaefolium at 19.00% and Turbinaria sp. at just. 10.10%. Several factors may have contributed to the differences in the amount of alginic acid of the three species of brown algae. Among these are the inherent capability of the different species of brown algae to produce alginates, the thickness and sturdiness of the samples, the viscosity of the extracts, and seasonal changes.
A preliminary study on the effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) seed extract on the reproductive potential of the female Friutfly (Drosophila melanogaster)
Altea, Armee H. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-04)
Eqqs, first instar larvae, and third instar larvae of fruit flies (D. melanogaster), were treated with 0%, 10%, and 15% neem seed extract. This resulted in reduced number of adults that emerged from treated embryos and larvae. Females following treatment crossed with untreated males have reduced number of progeny compared with control (untreated) females. Treatment of extract at three stages of development indicated that fertilized eggs were most affected by the extract. Females derived from treated eggs were sterile. The number of progeny produced by females treated during first instar stage were considerably reduced compared to controls. On the other hand, the number of progeny produced by females treated during third instar stage was not significantly different from controls. The results suggest that neem seed extract has active components which can reduce the reproductive potential of female fruit flies exposed to the chemicals particularly at the early stages of development.
A study of the performance of the marketing intermediaries at the Iloilo fishing port complex
Acanto, Jan B. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1989-03)
This research study presents an analysis on the performance of the marketing intermediaries at the Iloilo fishing Port Complex. The following types of intermediaries are involved in marketing fish landed at IFPC: brokers, wholesalers, bulanteros, and retailers. Brokers assemble and dispose the fish of producers while the wholesalers, bulanteros and retailers create the forms, time and place utilities. The results show that fish marketing intermediaries perform functions which are vital in the fish marketing system. Average costs per week were ₱13.67, ₱46.54 and ₱77.26 per tub for the brokers, wholesalers, and retailers, respectively. The average volume handled per week is 4,641.17 kilograms. Cost and returns analysis for all intermediaries showed that the average not return above total cost is ₱2.36 per kilogram. The average total income above total cost is ₱10,953.18 per week. The rate of return to capital, operator’s labor, and entrepreneurship is 14.49 percent. Efficiency of each type of intermediary _ could not be measured due to the fact that the sample size of each type is not sufficient to obtain significant results. In relation to this, a further study that could measure the efficiency of each intermediary is recommended by the researcher.
A study on the performance of the regulatory functions of the Kapisanan ng mga Broadcaster sa Pilipinas Iloilo Chapter
Advincula, Rebecca (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1987-03)
Generally, regulations are viewed as important factors in the functions of an industry or organization. Like any other industry, broadcasting needs to he regulated. The Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster sa Pilipinas is a self-regulatory body which implements regulations affecting the programming operations of the Broadcast stations. However, not all regulations are said to be followed by the stations. It is in this regard that this study was conducted. Three factors were considered in finding out whether KBP regulations are important to the operations of the stations: the importance and necessity of these regulations; the capability of the KBP in implementing these regulations; and the extent of public participation between KBP and its member stations. The necessity level was determined by a study of each regulatory function, the activities covered by these regulations, and the relative need of the stations to these regulations. The capability level was determined by a study on the frequent observance of the stations to the regulations, the objectives of the respondent stations, and the major output, organizational structure, and budget of the KBP as a regulatory body. Public participation was determined by a study of the frequency used modes of interaction involved in the implementation of the regulations, the problems met in the process, and the respondent stations' rating/assessment of the KBP. The study made use of the one-shot survey design with interview schedule and use of questionnaires as main instruments. The respondents for the KBP are the station managers, while respondents for the regulated are the production staff of the local stations. A total of twelve stations were taken as respondents for the study. Results showed too many regulations are imposed by the KBP and are not strictly followed by the stations. Regulations that are mostly followed are those which pertain to the presentation of news while those often violated pertain to public commentaries and issues, the presentation of materials regarding sex and violence and the airing of commercials. Results showed that these regulations are necessary to maintain a certain level of excellence and professionalism in the broadcast industry, Likewise, the KBP is capable of implementing regulations to the station , as shown by the constant interaction between the regulator and the regulated.
A survey of the catch composition of fyke nets in the Iloilo river
Andrada, Kristina Abelaine D. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2000-04)
A survey of the catch composition of fyke nets in the Iloilo River Estuary during the months of August 1999 and February 2000 show that catches are dominated by Metapenaens crisis and ilossygobius sp. The 18 species caught are : 9 fish species, 5 shrimp species, and 4 crab species. The index of similarity 0.3 between the monthly samples is low which means that there is minimal degree of similarity between the species composition of the catches. There is no significant difference between the total catch volumes per day for the months of August 1999 and February 2000 which means that the seasons do not affect the volume of the catch.
A taxonomic survey of epiphytes on Enhalus acoroides in Ali Cove, Taklong Island, Nueva Valencia, Guimaras
Alojado, Ezra Nelson E. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1996-06)
Epiphytes were collected from the blades of the seagrass Enhalus acoroides which were harvested from Ali Cove, Taklong Island, Guimaras. 20 epiphytic algae were identified with the aid of taxonomic keys. Of these, five belong to the Cyanophyceae, two to the Chlorophyceae, one to the Phaeophyceae, eight to the Rhodophyceae and four to the Bacillariophyceae. Thirteen specimens were identified to the species level and seven to the genus level only. Measurements of temperature, salinity and pH were taken at the study site during the collection
Academic performance of UPV Iloilo High School students admitted under the democratized admission scheme
Apalacio, Reymund D. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1993-04)
As its contribution to the enhancement of the social welfare of people, especially the poor, in a poor developing country like the Philippines, a government university like UP has embarked on a policy democratized education which includes the scheme of democratized admission at the UPV Iloilo High School. This paper undertook action research, which is the applications of tools and methods of social science to immediate, practical problems, to determine the academic performance of economically poor students admitted under the new, democratized admission scheme of the UPV Iloilo High School. It was found out that generally they perform as well as their better-off counterparts under the old scheme (with tuition fees).
Acetone -precipitated proteins in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) tubers : Isolation and partial purification
Albacete, Rose Margaret F. (Division of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2006-04)
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a low-protein starchy staple. In some countries, such as South Africa, cassava bread serves as the major, if not the only, food consumed for a long period of time. This diet causes a disease called protein-energy malnutrition. The total soluble proteins in cassava tubers were extracted using 200 mM Tris- HC1 pH 8.2. Protein fractions were precipitated out at different proportions using acetone (1:1, 1:2, 1:3 crude extract: acetone ratio). Bradford Standard Assay showed that 1:1 crude protein-acetone contained the most amount protein (1.02 x ₋ g/mL protein). This sample and the dialyzed crude sample were both run in gel filtration column in which the eluted fractions generated two peaks each. The highest concentration of the purified protein was 2.67 x 10 5 g/mL protein. The pooled fractions, which made up the peak, were run in SDS-PAGE which revealed bands with molecular weights of 40, 66, 87 and 116 kDa comprised the crude sample (not dialyzed), while the dialyzed sample contained bands with molecular weights of 76 and 87 kDa. The number of proteins decreased after gel filtration.
Adaptive capacity of the local government to the impacts of climate change: Comparison between Guimbal and Tigbauan
Andal, Jane Desiree F. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2011)
The paper examined the factors affecting the adaptive capacity of the local government in terms of responsiveness and preparedness to deal with the impacts of climate change. This is focused on three factors namely, organizational learning, collaboration and socio-economic status. The study is conducted by comparing the municipalities of Guimbal and Tigbauan in terms of their organizational learning, collaboration and socio-economic status as well as their responsiveness and preparedness in dealing with typhoons, flooding, and drought as the major impacts considered in this study. The results show that organizational learning enhances the preparedness of the municipality to deal with the impacts while collaboration and socio-economic status enhance both responsiveness and preparedness to deal with the impacts of climate change.
Age and sex of Miagao public market vendors as determining factors in role preferences on women as portrayed in comic books
Alvarez, Lee T.; Cababa-an, Glenn C.; Diaz, Gladys C. (Division of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1996-03)
This research is about age and sex as determining factors in role preferences of the respondents on women as portrayed in comic books. The researchers have chosen the market vendors of Miagao as respondents in this particular study for the reason that most market vendors, if not all, do read comic books. The researchers were able to gather a total of seventy [70] respondents. Of the seventy [70] respondents, thirty-two [32] or forty-six percent [46%] are males and thirty-eight [38] or fifty-four percent [54%] are females. In this study, it was found out that most of the respondents read comic books with the love theme and only a few read comic books having mixed themes. The researchers have also discovered that both the male and female respondents agree that women in most cases were presented in a more conservative rather than in the liberal light. Chi-square statistical tool with .05 level of significance was used and it resulted to the finding that there is no significant relationship between the age, the sex and the preference of the respondents with regards to the roles of women a® portrayed in our local comic books.
An estimation of the supply of cattle in the livestock auction market in Leon, Iloilo
Andrada, Clyde (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1991-05)
This study was an economic analysis of the supply of cattle by the direct cattle producers in Leon Livestock Auction Market in Leon, Iloilo in 1989. The study includes the estimation of the supply function, the identification of the significant factors affecting the supply and the analysis of the price elasticity. The supply function of cattle were hypothesized to be affected by four (4) factors, namely: price of cattle (X1) value of inputs used in cattle production (Xz), price of related commodities (X3) and the availability of credit (X4). Simple Random Sampling was used in choosing the thirty (30) respondents who, were direct cattle producers who sold their cattle in Leon Livestock Auction Market in 1989. These cattle producers were interviewed with the use of an interview schedule. The data gathered includes total weight and number of cattle supplied in the market by the producers and the prices of resource inputs used in the cattle production. Other data such as the price of cattle per kilogram liveweight were taken from the records of the Bureau of Agricultural Statistics. Regression Analysis was applied to determine the coefficients of the supply function. Specifically, stepwise regression analysis was used. Results of the study showed that the estimated supply function of cattle was Qs = — 1843.4461 + 96.6056 X1, where x; is the average price of cattle per kilogram liveweight. Thus, the only significant factor affecting the supply of cattle was the variable X1. The price elasticity supply is 4.6984. The supply of cattle is therefore price elastic because the percentage change in cattle supplied is greater than the percentage change in price.
Analysis of the lipid content of micro algae species used in Philippine aquaculture for their potential in biodiesel production
Ferriols, Victor Marco Emmanuel N. (Institute of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2008-03)
This study looked into the proximate lipid content of four micro algal species (Chaetoceros calcitrans, Tetraselmis tetrahele, Nannochloropsis sp., and Chlorella sp) and one macrophyte (Chaetomorpha sp.) commonly used in Philippine aquaculture. Prior to the proximate analysis using the method described by Bligh and Dyer (1959), the four micro algal species were cultured for five days in 1 L vessels fertilized with TMRL enrichment media. Proximate gravimetric analysis showed that the average lipid content of Tetraselmis tetrahele at 24.11% was significantly higher (p < 0.01) when compared to all the algal species tested. Comparing the mean lipid content of all micro algal species against that of the macrophyte also revealed a significantly higher (p < 0.01) lipid content at 17.40%. Growth rates for all the micro algal species over the culture period was also measured, with the highest growth rate exhibited by T. tetrahele at 1.15 divisions per day. Projected estimates for micro algal production yields of oil from a 1-hectare pond at 0.5 m depth were also calculated from the lipid analysis data, a showing that the highest yield of oil (7.29 tons) can be attained by culturing T. tetrahele. This number was higher than estimated reports for oil production from an area of 1 hectare dedicated to either jatropha (1.7 tons) or coconuts (5.0 tons). This makes the culture of micro algal species a potential option for producing feedstock for biodiesel production.
Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of Batuan (Garcinia binucao) fruits
Albano, Zella Faye (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2010)
In this study, fresh fruits of batuan (Garcinia binucao) was evaluated for its antiinflammatory and antibacterial activities. The anti-inflammatory assay using Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema Method showed that n-hexane extracts (65.79%) and dichloromethane extracts (64.91%) exhibited anti-inflammatory activities comparable to Indomethacin, the positive control (67.11%). The antibacterial assay using Paper Disk Diffusion Method showed that crude methanolic extracts, n-hexane extracts and dichloromethane extracts at 1000pg/mL were most effective against Staphylococcus aureus. The microbial indexes were 0.39, 0.47 and 0.50 respectively. The positive control, Amoxicillin has a 3.39 microbial index. The components of the three most active extracts (crude methanolic, n-hexane and DCM extracts) from both assays were separated through Thin Layer Chromatography and subjected to phytochemical tests. Crude methanolic extracts contained alkaloids, phenolic compounds and cardiac glycosides. Both n-hexane and DCM extracts contained terpenes, alkaloids, saponins, phenolic compounds and cardiac glycosides. These bioactive compounds present may have been responsible for the antiinflammatory and antibacterial activities of the extracts.