Undergraduate Theses
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Item Negrosanon, indi tikalon: The severed ties between Ilonggo and Negrense identity and the creation of Negrense "Tikalon" stereotypeCaberte, Kizhi G. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2023-07)The Negrense "tikalon" stereotype has acquired popularity in recent years as a result of its virality on numerous social media platforms. The amusing banter between Ilonggos and Negrenses culminated in the return of the long-established "tikalon" stereotype. This piqued the researchers' curiosity in investigating the phenomenon and studying its emergence. This study investigates the "tikalon" stereotype of Negrense identity and how it can be explained using economic scarcity theory. The researchers argues that the Ilonggo people's creation of negative stereotypes about their Negrense neighbors, such as "tikalon" and "hambog" (proud), was a result of their insecurity over their own economic shortcomings in comparison to Negros Occidental’s economic affluence during the 1930s. When the sugar industry prospered in Negros due to a new generation of entrepreneurs who established big plantations at the time, it created a significant gap between Negros Occidental and Iloilo. This study utilizes narrative by Ilonggos in addition to a literary analysis of the works of Ramon Muzones through Ma. Cecilia Locsin-Nava. This paper asserts that Ilonggos who experienced economic deprivation channeled their anxiety and frustrations by creating the stereotypes about Bacolodnon in order to maintain and uphold the preexisting status quo.Item Antidiarrheal activity of Pterocarpus indicus bark extracts using castor oil-induced diarrhea model on miceCabatea, Norberto C. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2010-04)This study evaluated the antidiarrheal activity of the bark of Pterocarpus indicus (Narra). The crude methanolic extract of the bark was subjected to sequential extraction using hexane, DCM, and ethyl acetate. These extracts were tested for antidiarrheal activity in vitro using the castor oil induced diarrhea model in mice employing charcoal tracing method. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was used in determining the chemical constituents present in every extracts using spraying reagents to aid in the visualization of spots. Crude methanolic extract dosage 200 mg/kg body weight is the comparable dosage to the reference drug loperamide (2 mg/kg body weight). The hexane extract was the most active fraction and 200 mg/kg dosage was more effective than with the positive control loperamide (2 mg/kg). No antidiarrheal activity found in the fraction of DCM and ethyl acetate extracts. Phytochemical screening revealed positive tests for tannins, phenolics, terpenes, cardiac glycosides, saponins and reducing sugars in all fractions. Tests for flavonoids and alkaloids, however, were negative.Item Print media exposure and the attitude of graduating mass and broadcast communication students toward classified adsCabanilla, Richelle T. (Division of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1988-02)Hypothetically, frequency of exposure to an object or idea affects one’s attitude toward it. Such premise was used for this particular study. An attempt is made to determine if any relationship exists between exposure to print media, specifically to newspapers, and attitude toward the classified ads. Totalling 67 in all, graduating Mass and Broadcast Communication students of School Year 1986-87 in Iloilo City, were made as respondents. A set of questionnaires were handed out to them and the line of inquiry covered the areas from frequency of newspaper reading to behavioral inclinations or action tendencies toward the classified ads. Aside from trying to determine the frequency of exposure and what the respondents think of the ads, the questionnaire was also designed to deal with the three components of attitude: the cognitive, affective and the behavioral. One concept about the nature of attitude is taken from the Latent Process Viewpoint which incidentally is used as a guide in this study. The viewpoint surmises that attitude is a hidden mental or neural process which takes place in the individual. As such, one limitation in the study of attitude is that it is not directly observable. Inferences about one’s attitude can only be based from the study of overt behavioral responses. Theoretically, exposure is considered as the independent variable and attitude as the dependent variable. In actuality however, attitude is more of an intervening variable because the study focuses on the stimulus-response set-up with "attitude" seen as a possible explanation for the causation of response or responses to the stimulus. Based on the data gathered, the respondents are in general, favorably disposed toward the classified ads. The positive attitude is connected somehow with the respondents' belief that the classified section is primarily informative and entertaining at the same time. To prove or disprove the hypothesis, a contingency table was constructed for the computation of the chi-square. The table included the respondents’ frequency of newspaperreading and whether they like or dislike the ads. The computation of the chi-square nullifies the hypothesis that students who like and dislike the classified ads differ in their frequency of reading the newspapers. Similarly, based on the data gathered, a couple of hypotheses were formulated. One, students who have a favorable and unfavorable descriptions of the classified ads differ in belief on the ads’ capacity to provide for their purposes or motives in reading them. Two, students who have and don’t have any action tendencies toward the classified ads differ in their belief on possible gains which can be derived from them. The study of attitude per se is complex thus further researches are recommended.Item In vitro antibacterial activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaf extracts against some pathogens associated with urinary tract infectionsCabayao, Coney B. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2011-04)The in vitro antibacterial activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaf ( methanolic, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and aqueous ) extracts were studied against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) and Gram-positive ( Streptococcus faecalis) bacteria. The methanolic extract was subjected to sequential liquid-liquid extraction using solvents of varying polarity and concentrations. Out of the 5 extracts, methanolic and dichloromethane extracts exhibited the highest antibacterial activity as measured using the zone of inhibition. This was followed by ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts. At 200 mg/ml concentration, all extracts were considered active when tested with E. coli and S. faecalis, and were partially active against P. aeruginosa. The aqueous extract was inactive towards the three bacteria. The 200 mg/ml concentration showed no significant difference when compared with the positive control, amoxicillin (12.51μg/ml). This shows that Hibiscus rosa sinensis exhibits a promising antibacterial activity. Phytochemical analysis of the active fraction- the methanolic extract- showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, saponins, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and anthraquinones. These bioactive components could be responsible for the antibacterial activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaf extracts.Item A correlational study on the self-evaluation of job performance and job satisfaction among CAS-UPV teachersCabardo, Liberty Rose A. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1997-04)The purpose of this study was to determine the job performance and job satisfaction of CAS-UPV teachers, and to examine the relationship between performance and satisfaction. Specifically, three elements were included in this study: (1) the self-evaluation of job performance among CAS-UPV teachers by division, educational attainment and years of teaching experience; (2) the self-reported job satisfaction among CAS- UPV teachers; and (3) the relationship between job performance and job satisfaction. A non-experimental correlation research design was used in this study. The population of the study consisted of all College of Arts and Sciences (CAS) teachers of the University of the Philippines in the Visayas (UPV), Miagao campus, Iloilo. Out of the 107 possible respondents, 74 respondents returned their questionnaire which had three parts: the PERSONAL INVENTORY PROFILE, the SELFEVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE ON JOB PERFORMANCE, and the JOB SATISFACTION SCALE. Using the one-way ANOVA, it was found that: (1) there was no significant difference in the self-evaluation of job performance when the CAS-UPV teachers were grouped according to division and educational attainment; (2) there was no significant difference in job satisfaction when the CAS-UPV teachers were grouped according to their respective division; (3) there was a significant difference in the self-evaluation of job performance when the CAS-UPV teachers were grouped according to years of teaching experience; (4) there was a significant difference on job satisfaction when the CAS-UPV teachers were grouped according to educational attainment and years of teaching experience; and (5) there was a significant relationship between job performance and job satisfaction.Item Conviviality and rebranding the T'nalak Festival's celebration of cultural diversity towards unity in South CotabatoCaaya, Hinz Benedict S., III (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2022-07)The T’nalak Festival in South Cotabato has gained attention in recent years due to its entertaining activities and unique cultural experience. During the festival, the multi- ethnoreligious cultures of the province are being highlighted especially in its street dancing event despite the history of conflicts in Mindanao. With an increasing interest in the festival, this study explores the T’nalak festival in the field of Festival Research particularly on the Cultural Studies perspective. Guided by Gerard Delanty’s Theory on Cultural Encounters specifically the encounter of cultural acceptance and Orly Levy et al’s definition of Cosmopolitanism, this study argues that in South Cotabato’s T’nalak Festival cultural acceptance is actively being reinforced for promoting unity in diversity and cosmopolitanism. Furthermore, this allows the province to utilize the festival in rebranding its image away from a province pictured with conflict and violence to a province of peaceful coexistence. Through an oral interview of festival organizers, initiators, tourism employees, community workers, volunteer, and festival participants along with analyzing government reports, pictures, videos, and existing literatures. This study finds that the T’nalak festival is a conscious effort - an invented tradition for the promotion of harmonious relationship among the multi-ethnoreligious population and a strategy that counters the negative perception about South Cotabato. The festival serves as an avenue for promotion, celebration, education and information, preservation, and unity along with the assertion of the individual local and collective community identities.Item Electoral campaign of mayoral candidates of Leon, Iloilo in the 1992 electionCababasay, Ivy C. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2001-10)This is a descriptive study of the electoral campaign of the six mayoral candidates of Leon, Iloilo in the 1992 election. The 1992 Leon mayoral candidates were Romulo Cabana, Neri Cabsaba. Alejandro Caelian. Jaime Calosing. Rodolfo Camarista and Ismael Candolada. This study aims to present a profile of the 1992 Leon mayoral candidates: to determine the campaign resources; to analyze the campaign organization and the campaign strategies of the mayoral candidates during the electoral campaign: to analyze the voters' choice and perceptions of the 1992 Leon mayoral electoral campaign; and, to analyze the electoral campaign of the mayoral candidates in the 1992 election in Leon. To satisfy these objectives, the researcher interviewed the mayoral candidates, some of their family members, their campaign staff and/or their representatives. A questionnaire was also formulated and was administered to the respondents. The findings of the study reveal that almost all of the mayoral candidates came from prominent families. Most of them came from the upper-middle class families except for Cabana and Cabsaba who considered their family as belonging to the lower class. Except for Romulo Cabana, all mayoral candidates in the 1992 election in Leon were college graduates. Except for Calosing and Camarista all four mayoral candidates had ran for an elective office prior to the 1992 election. The campaign resources, particularly the material resources of a candidate were the determining factor in the success of his electoral campaign. It was also found out that most of the mayoral candidates have no formal structural organization in their electoral campaign except for Cabana and Calosing. Campaign strategies common among the mayoral candidates were holding of caucus in the barangays, distribution of leaflets, stickers, sample ballots and posting of streamers and other campaign materials. Character assasination and mudslinging were also present in the campaign. Voters were more interested in the personal issues raised against the mayoral candidates than their proposed programs of government or public concerns. They (voters) voted for the mayoral candidate based on the latter's personality or personal attributes. Personalities are more remembered than social and political issues. Although there was vote-buying in the 1992 election, the mayoral candidates and the voters themselves considered it peaceful and orderly due to the absence of violence.Item Abundance, composition and vertical distribution of calanoid copepods in Central Sulu seaBurgos, Lora A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2018-06)Calanoid copepods are dominant component of the copepod community, which in turn highlights their influence on the overall zooplankton assemblage of the water column. Studying their abundance and distribution, is important on understanding their role in the dynamics of commercially important organism like the fish. Calanoid samples in study, were part of the zooplankton samples taken during the Joint PhilEx oceanographic cruise on board RAZ Melville in December 2007 in the Central Sulu Sea from MOCNESS station 29. Calanoid abundance, composition and distribution were investigated. Fifteen (15) calanoid families were identified all throughout the water column (0 - 400 m). The calanoid assemblage was dominated by 27 % Eucalanidae, 12 % Rhincalanidae, Scolecitrichidae with 7 % and other families contributing to roughly 19 % of the total. The water column was divided into 2 distinct depth cluster based on species distributions; (1) layers above thermocline (0 - 150m) and (2) deeper layers (200 - 400m). Furthermore, upper layers were characterized by distinctive calanoid family assemblage which includes; Calanidae, Euchaetidae, Eucalanidae, Candaciidae, Rhincalanidae, and Temoridae. While deeper layers, calanoid families includes; Metridinidae, Scolecitrichidae, Rhincalanidae, and Euchaetidae. ANOSIM results showed significant differences between these depth clusters, with global R = 0.81 and p = 0.01. These appear to be highly related to the thermocline in both stations, where typically higher upper-layer primary productivity can support dense communities of zooplankton.Item The pharmacological screening of Moringa oleifera Lam.Burgos, Karen J. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1998-07)Moringa oleifera, Lam, or malunggay, belongs to Family Moringaceae. The medicinal value of this plant has long been recognized in folk medicine. Not all the claims, however, are proven scientifically. This study aimed to (1) test the crude extracts from the seeds and leaves of M. oleifera for pharmacological properties and (2) to compare its efficacy with the drugs commonly used to alleviate particular ailment. Phytochemical assay for alkaloid using Culvenor-Fitzgerald method was done to test the presence of alkaloids. The dried seeds and young leaves were extracted with methanol and concentrated under reduced pressure at 45°C. The resulting extracts were partitioned and used for the different assays: Brine shrimp assay for cytotoxicity, Acetic acid-induced writhing assay for analgesic activity, Charcoal tracing assay for antispasmodic activity and paper disc diffusion method for antimicrobial activity. Result showed that only the seeds have alkaloids. Toxicity test revealed that the seeds are practically non-toxic but the leaves were toxic with an LC50 of 550 μg/mL after 24 hours of exposure. Of the two extracts, only the leaves exhibited analgesic activity although not as effective as Mefenamic Acid in reducing pain. The leaf extract, was also found active against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The seed extract was active only against B. subtilis. Both extracts, however, are not as effective as the antibiotic drug, Amoxicillin. Results also showed that both extracts do not have antispasmodic activity. The study confirmed the antimicrobial and analgesic activities for the use of the leaves of this plant in folk medicine.Item Growing up in culture of gambling: Explaining adolescent students' academic performance using the Theory of Planned BehaviorBurgos, Jaclyn Gay S. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2017-06)Integrating lcek Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior, this study seeks to explain the factors that influence the academic performance of adolescent students. In assessing the academic performance: questionnaires for attitudes towards behavior, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention were administered to adolescent students (n=88) in rural areas of Iloilo. A Pearson-product moment correlation was used to examine the correlation between the factors and academic performance. There were five participants who joined the focused group discussion and their answers provided an indepth connection of the variables. Results of the quantitative analysis stated that attitude towards behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control are individually correlated with intention but only attitude towards behavior is significantly correlated with academic performance. The results from this study can be used in schools and related government agencies in shaping students to have a more positive outlook with regards to academic performance.