Undergraduate Theses
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Item Effects of alginate coating loaded with lemongrass essential oil-cyclodextrin inclusion complex on the postharvest quality of calamansi(Citrus microcarpa)Astorga, Krizzia Anne B. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2018-06)Calamansi (Citrus microcarpa) is locally grown in the Philippines and is considered to be an important commodity because of its wide range of uses. Losses of this fruit in the country already reached up to 30% because of postharvest degradation. To address this problem, three coating treatments (1% alginate, 1% alginate loaded with lemongrass essential oil-B-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, and 1% alginate loaded with lemongrass essential oil-hp-B-cyclodextrin inclusion complex) were made for the purpose of examining their potential in the preservation of the postharvest quality of calamansi. Quality parameters such as color and weight loss of calamansi, as well as pH, FTIR spectra, total soluble solids, and titratable acidity of the fruit juice were evaluated in a span of 15 days at room temperature storage. Results show that the prepared edible coatings did not significantly preserve the postharvest quality of calamansi (p > 0.05) as coated samples resulted to earlier appearances of yellow and brown peel color, higher weight loss percentages, pH, and total soluble solids content. Out of the three coating treatments, fruit samples coated with 1% alginate resulted to lower weight loss percentages, pH, TSS, and TA. Fruit samples coated with 1% alginate loaded with lemongrass essential oil-hp-B-cyclodextrin inclusion complex resulted to the highest pH, TSS, and TA, while those coated with 1% alginate loaded with lemongrass essential oil-B-cyclodextrin inclusion complex resulted to the highest weight loss percentages. Data on the titratable acidity weren’t conclusive since the results obtained were not in agreement to the expected outcome. The ineffectiveness of the coatings may be a result of unfavorable storage conditions and incompatibility of the coating materials or formulations on the calamansi.Item Nature and operation of local cable networks in Miag-ao and Janiuay, Iloilo as they adhere to NTC rules and regulations as they serve subscribersAspa, Ma. Edevae; Deferia, Mary Gold; Umadhay, Julie Ann (Division of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2004-10)This study is about the two local cable networks in the province of Iloilo, namely. Southern Iloilo Cable Incorporated in Miag-ao and Oway Cable Ventures Incorporated in Janiuay. The study aims to know the nature and operation of the local cable networks in Miagao and Janiuay, Iloilo. It aims to find out the similarities and differences of the said local cable networks, and determine if these local cable networks follow the rules and regulations set by the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC). Purposive sampling, a type of non-probability sampling that uses respondents who best meets the purpose of this study, is used. The station managers are allowed to select the respective subscribers to be surveyed for the purpose of getting the exact location of their coverage, to know the condition of the reception, and the perception of the subscribers on the said local cable network in the municipality. In analyzing the data gathered, the researchers used frequency counts and percentage. Results show that the subscribers of Southern Iloilo Cable Incorporated in Miag-ao, Iloilo were not satisfied with the services offered by the local cable network in the municipality. Meanwhile, the subscribers in Janiuay, Iloilo were satisfied with the services offered by Oway Cable Ventures Incorporated.Item The growth and yield performance of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus Fries) using fish wastewater as fertilizerArroyo, Karen T. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2000-04)Oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, is an edible wood-inhabiting fungi that continues to gain popularity in the Philippines, as well as in other tropical countries. With the use of modern technology, this mushroom can be grown in the Philippines, provided sufficient moisture is present. Its present cultivation is limited, perhaps due to insufficiency of planting materials and the limited knowledge about its culture. The main objective of the study was to establish the possibility of the replacement of urea, the commonly used fertilizer for mushroom cultivation by fish wastewater. The study also aimed to compare the effects of different concentrations of fish wastewater on the growth of mushrooms and determine which treatment produced the best results. A total of five groups were used: two control groups (positive and negative - using urea and water, respectively) and three experimental groups, the latter with different concentrations of fish wastewater serving as alternative fertilizer (A: 10%, B: 20%, C: 30%). Fruiting bags were inoculated with oyster mushroom spawn, and after a month of incubation, the growing mushrooms were assessed using the parameters of number, weight, length, and diameter. Results showed that the weight of oyster mushrooms was heaviest when the substrate was sprayed with plain water. However, the number of mushrooms harvested, their length, and the width of the pilei were not affected by spraying the substrate with urea or moistening these with up to 30% fish wastewater. The conclusions reached were: 1) when using sawdust as substrate for oyster mushroom cultivation, it is best to simply use water to maintain the moisture of the material; 2) sawdust used in combination with low concentration of fish wastewater (10%) can result in good production; 3) neither nitrogen nor urea may be a critical factor for the growth of oyster mushroom on sawdust; and 4) high amount of phosphorus and low potassium content of fish wastewater are favorable for oyster mushroom growth.Item Preparation and characterization of chitin-humic acid hybrid and chitin-humic acid hybrid hydrogel as absorbent for Cu(II)Balgos, Blyth Angela C. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2017-06)Gelatinous chitin was functionalized with humic acid to produce a chitinhumic acid hybrid. The gelatinous chitin was protonated using HC1 and humic acid was deprotonated by using NaOH in separate containers. The protonated gelatinous chitin and the deprotonated humic acid were then mixed to form Hie chitin-humic acid hybrid. A portion of the chitin-humic acid hybrid was used to prepare the chitin-humic acid hydrogel. The chitin-humic acid hybrid hydrogel was then prepared using 1,2,3,4- butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride(BTCA) as crosslinker. The chitin-humic acid hybrid hydrogel was then characterized using FT-IR and swelling test. The degree of swelling of the chitin-humic acid hydrogel was found to be 38.10 ± 3.06. It can also be inferred from the results of the swelling test that the chitin-humic acid hybrid hydrogel has a low crosslink density. Characterization by FT-IR suggested successful immobilization for the hybrid and BTCA crosslinking for the hydrogel. The potential of chitin-humic acid hybrid and chitin-humic acid hybrid hydrogel to adsorb Cu(II) in a solution was then evaluated. The process was done by subjecting the chitin-humic acid hybrid to Cu(II) adsorption. The results for Cu(II) adsorption test was subjected to a Shapiro- Wilk test for normality and was determined to have normally distributed data. One- sample T-test was then used to compare the adsorption capacity of the hybrid and hydrogel. The mean % Cu(II) Removal of the chitin-humic acid hybrid and chitinhumic acid hybrid hydrogel were 41.36 ± 2.35% and 51.21 ± 1.32%, respectively. Results suggested that the chitin-humic acid hybrid hydrogel has significantly higher % Cu(II) Removal compared to the chitin-humic acid hybridItem The effects of RA 9136 (EPIRA) on organizational effectiveness: A descriptive comparative case study of Iloilo Electric CooperativeBagundang, Farizah Joy P. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2012-04)The national energy problem led to the reform of the Philippine power industry through RA 9136 of 2001 (EPIRA), aimed at improving energy supply and lowering electricity rates through private sector participation in service delivery. This study examined the case of Iloilo Electric Cooperative (ILECO) 1, one of the largest cooperatives in the Province of Iloilo, in evaluating the effects of institutional reform to organizational effectiveness. The study utilized key informant interviews to obtain primary data on institutional reforms and community survey to gather primary data on ILECO 1’s services and consumer welfare. A total of 132 residential and commercial respondents in the Municipality of Miagao, randomly selected based on the total number of registered businesses and household population of barangay, participated in a community survey. The results posit that centralization, instead of decentralization, improves organizational efficiency. Nevertheless, decentralization improved consumers’ access to electricity while restructuring improved the cooperative’s access to energy supply. However, decentralization and restructuring are ineffective in lowering electricity rates and in responding to consumer complaints. Despite this, survey shows that the cooperative’s performance significantly improved today than five years ago. This study contributes to the understanding of the national problem on energy and on the effectiveness of institutional reforms.Item Television viewing patterns of children in a rural communityAllones, Christine Marie G; Montalvo, Nica M. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2007-03)The general objective of the study is to find out if there is a relationship between TV viewing patterns of children in a rural community and the socio-demographic characteristics such as age, sex, and the parents’ educational attainment. Specifically, it aims to (1) describe the socio-demographic profile of the respondents; (2) determine if there is a relationship between children’s age and their TV viewing pattern; (3) determine if there is a relationship between children’s sex and their TV viewing pattern; (4) determine if there is a relationship between parents’ educational attainment and TV viewing pattern. The data analyzed in this study are obtained through conducting guided interviews with 80 children. The areas included by the researchers in the study are the hours and days of TV viewing of children, their program preferences, their sleeping time, and the frequency of scolding of the parents. It was found that majority of the respondents are 10-12 years olds, males, and have parents who have both high educational attainments. Results reveal that majority of respondents spend between one to five hours watching television everyday. Their usual sleeping time is before or at nine in the evening. Nonetheless, many are scolded for watching television on weekdays but never on weekends. The results of the study concluded that there is a significant relationship between sex and hours of television viewing while age and parent’s educational attainment have no significant relationship in the hours of television viewing. There is no apparent difference between the number of hours of television viewing and the age and parent’s educational attainment. The only difference is that majority of male children watch television for one to five hours a day, while most female children watch more than five hours of TV viewing. Thus, there is a significant relationship between sex and hours of television viewing. On the other hand, there is no significant relationship between the days of TV viewing and the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. The researchers recommended that a similar study could be conducted in an urban area, covering a bigger sample size, and using other set of variables that can affect the TV viewing patterns of children. Other researchers are also encouraged to explore the field since there are not so many studies about them in the country.Item Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of Batuan (Garcinia binucao) fruitsAlbano, Zella Faye (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2010)In this study, fresh fruits of batuan (Garcinia binucao) was evaluated for its antiinflammatory and antibacterial activities. The anti-inflammatory assay using Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema Method showed that n-hexane extracts (65.79%) and dichloromethane extracts (64.91%) exhibited anti-inflammatory activities comparable to Indomethacin, the positive control (67.11%). The antibacterial assay using Paper Disk Diffusion Method showed that crude methanolic extracts, n-hexane extracts and dichloromethane extracts at 1000pg/mL were most effective against Staphylococcus aureus. The microbial indexes were 0.39, 0.47 and 0.50 respectively. The positive control, Amoxicillin has a 3.39 microbial index. The components of the three most active extracts (crude methanolic, n-hexane and DCM extracts) from both assays were separated through Thin Layer Chromatography and subjected to phytochemical tests. Crude methanolic extracts contained alkaloids, phenolic compounds and cardiac glycosides. Both n-hexane and DCM extracts contained terpenes, alkaloids, saponins, phenolic compounds and cardiac glycosides. These bioactive compounds present may have been responsible for the antiinflammatory and antibacterial activities of the extracts.Item A preliminary study on the extraction of alginic acid from three species of brown algae: Sargassum polycystum, Sargassum cristaefolium and Turbinaria sp. in Taklong Is.,GuimarasAdelantar, Geoffrey V. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1996-04)Three species of brown algae were harvested in Taklong Is., Guimaras. These were Sargassum polycystum, Sargassum cristaefolium, and Turbinaria sp. These brown algae were subjected to physical and chemical treatment to extract and compare the amount of their alginic acid in the form of sodium alginate. Four seaweed collections for extraction were made between August to December, 1995. Values obtained during the first three extractions gave almost similar results. S. polycystum exhibited the highest percentage yield of sodium alginate with a mean of 22.84%. It was followed by S. cristaefolium at 22.21%. Turbinaria sp. gave the lowest yield with a mean of 14.12%. The last extraction somehow showed a decrease in the percentage yield of all three samples. S. polycystum yielded just 20.00%, S. cristaefolium at 19.00% and Turbinaria sp. at just. 10.10%. Several factors may have contributed to the differences in the amount of alginic acid of the three species of brown algae. Among these are the inherent capability of the different species of brown algae to produce alginates, the thickness and sturdiness of the samples, the viscosity of the extracts, and seasonal changes.Item Antibacterial activity, antioxidant property and photochemical analysis of crude ethanolic extract from Dalanghita (Citrus nobilis) peelsAglobo, Jastine S. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-05)The crude ethanolic extract of Dalanghita (Citrus nobilis) was studied for their antibacterial activity, antioxidant and phytochemical properties. The DPPH free radical scavenging assay of extracts with varying concentrations showed strong antioxidant activity with a maximum % inhibition of 92.30 at 80.70 ug/mL concentration. The IC50 was calculated to be 26.26 pg/mL against 12.48 ug/mL for Ascorbic acid, the positive control. The antibacterial activity of the extract was determined against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by measuring the mean zones of inhibition using the paper disc diffusion assay at different concentration of crude ethanolic extract. The crude ethanol extract at 100% concentration yielded the highest inhibition for E. coli at 21.50±0.50 mm which is comparable to tetracycline, the positive control. The presence of phytochemicals in the extract were evaluated and the phytochemicals identified were: alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenes.Item Partial purification of pH indicator extracted from Rhoeo spathaceaApa, Junna T. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2009-04)pH test papers are still utilized nowadays despite the prevalence of pH meters, because it is more convenient to use in measuring the pH of a certain substance. The use of natural dye as a pH indicator can serve as a good substitute for an expensive commercial dye that most high schools cannot afford. The pH test papers were prepared by impregnation of 0.03% pure dye extracted from Rhoeo spathacea. TLC was performed to partially remove other plant dye components from the pH active ingredient. The color transition chart was then created at pH ranging from 1.0-13.0 at one unit interval using phosphate buffer. The color transition chart of pure dye extract was compared to the color transition chart of crude dye extract at different pH. Paper impregnated with 0.03% partially purified indicator dye extracted from Rhoeo spathacea showed color transitions from pink to red violet at pH 1.0-3.0; red violet to lavender at pH 3.0-4.0; lavender to blue at pH 4.0-7.0; blue to blue green at pH 7.0-8.0; blue green to green at pH 8.0-11.0; green to yellow green at pH 11.0-12.0; and yellow green to yellow at pH 12.0-13.0. Results also showed that the purified dye extract is a better pH indicator in comparison with the crude dye extract. Spectrophotometric determination of pKa of the indicator was unsuccessful due to the strong overlapping of the UV-Vis spectrum of the acidic and basic forms of the plant dye extract. Titration results showed that the plant indicator can serve as a substitute for the methyl red and phenolphthalein indicators for strong acid-strong base and weak acid-strong base titration, but not for weak acid-weak base titration.