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Undergraduate Theses

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Committee Chair: search.filters.chair.Pahila, Ida G.

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    Bioaccumulation of cadmium, copper and lead by Hydrilla (Hydrilla vericillata)
    Baniago, Arjay C. (Division of Pysical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2007-04)
    Bioaccumulation of cadmium, copper, and lead by Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) were tested to 5 different initial concentrations. The water contaminant sample was composed of mixed cadmium, copper and lead metals supplied as nitrate salts. These were analyzed for the decrease in concentrations at 24-hour intervals for 5 days using the SpectrAA 55B Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Plants exposed only for 5 days were digested and analyzed. The plant growth was normal at lower concentrations and showed higher removal efficiency. H. verticillata showed maximum removal percentage on the 5th day of exposure at 5 mg L-1 for cadmium (90.47%) and copper (95.20%) but for lead was on the 1st day (96.74%). The order of metal ion removal and the actual uptake for the three metals by H. verticillata is Pb>Cu>Cd, but at lower concentration, cadmium was absorbed more than copper. The copper and lead uptakes by H. verticillata are superior as compared to other aquatic plants uptakes. Lead uptake at higher concentrations might be due to physicochemical adsorption of the metal to the plant components and not on metabolism-mediated uptake, because plant condition does not have an adverse effect on the uptake
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    Comparing the quercetin content of different Allium sp. by spectrophotometry
    Asuelo, Allen Daryl F. (Division of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2007-04)
    Quercetin from two Allium sp. was extracted sequentially with solvents of varying degrees of polarity. The crude quercetin was subjected to chemical tests and the concentration determined by using Shimadzu mini UV-Vis 1240 Spectrophotometer. Results of the study showed that the extraction procedure used was effective in extracting quercetin. This was verified by the identical spectrum obtained with quercetin from the standard (Quercetin Complex) with the IR spectrum of quercetin obtained from the literature. The crude quercetin was positive to the both chemical tests, namely Baeyer's and Ferric chloride tests, subjected to it. Quercetin content in red onions was obtained with mean concentrations of 10.60 mg/kg at 362nm and 7.429 mg/kg at 370nm. Quercetin content in garlic was obtained with mean concentrations of 9.692 mg/kg at 362nm and 5.689 mg/kg at 370nm. The quercetin concentration measured at 370nm was quercetin another wavelength at 362nm measured the concentration of quercetin as flavonols. The result of One-way ANOVA at 0.05a showed that there is a significant difference in the quercetin content between red onions and garlic.
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    A benchmark survey on the cyanide and protein content in the leaves and roots of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Iloilo
    Bacolod, Hanny Joy C. (Division of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2006-04)
    The cyanide and protein content of the roots and the leaves of the cassava samples were determined. Samples were taken from five locations, namely, Mambatad, Miagao; Poblacion, Lambunao; Ambarihon, Tubungan; Naclub, Miagao; and Calampitao, Miagao. This study shows the levels of cyanide and protein in the roots and leaves of the cassava samples from the five selected locations in the province of Iloilo only. It does not establish any concrete conclusion on the cyanide and protein content of the cassava in Iloilo. Based on the results, the amount of cyanide varies among parts of the plant with an average of 229 ppm in the leaves and 100 ppm in the roots. It also varies among varieties in the same location, the white root variety having 125 ppm cyanide in the roots and 202 ppm in the leaves, while the yellow root variety has an average of 58.2 ppm cyanide in the roots and 263 ppm in the leaves. Different locations also have different levels of cyanide. Cyanide content also decreases in the roots as the period of storage is prolonged. The level of cyanide in the white root variety from Lambunao decreased by 17.1% on the 2nd day and 61.5% on the 3rd day, while the yellow root variety, also from Lambunao, decreased by only 4.3% on the 2nd day and 30.1% on the third day. Total soluble protein in the leaves (0.12%) of the samples is higher than in the roots (0.11%) . Among the roots, the amount of protein varies. It was found out that there is a significant correlation (0.750 at 0.05 level) between the amount of protein in the roots and that in the leaves of the samples.
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    Acetone -precipitated proteins in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) tubers : Isolation and partial purification
    Albacete, Rose Margaret F. (Division of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2006-04)
    Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a low-protein starchy staple. In some countries, such as South Africa, cassava bread serves as the major, if not the only, food consumed for a long period of time. This diet causes a disease called protein-energy malnutrition. The total soluble proteins in cassava tubers were extracted using 200 mM Tris- HC1 pH 8.2. Protein fractions were precipitated out at different proportions using acetone (1:1, 1:2, 1:3 crude extract: acetone ratio). Bradford Standard Assay showed that 1:1 crude protein-acetone contained the most amount protein (1.02 x ₋ g/mL protein). This sample and the dialyzed crude sample were both run in gel filtration column in which the eluted fractions generated two peaks each. The highest concentration of the purified protein was 2.67 x 10 5 g/mL protein. The pooled fractions, which made up the peak, were run in SDS-PAGE which revealed bands with molecular weights of 40, 66, 87 and 116 kDa comprised the crude sample (not dialyzed), while the dialyzed sample contained bands with molecular weights of 76 and 87 kDa. The number of proteins decreased after gel filtration.
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    Chromatographic analysis and analgesic assay of Alpazoti (Chenopodium ambroisiodes Linn.) Leaf extracts
    Aguilar, Liezl M. (Division of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2007-06)
    The leaf of alpazoti (Chenopodium ambroisiodes Linn.) was evaluated for its analgesic activity using the acetic acid-induced writhing assay. The aqueous extract of the leaf showed the highest bioactivity with 87.6316% reduction in the number of squirms of albino mice using 100 μμg/ml dosages. The crude methanolic extract also showed a percent reduction of 76.4211%. DCM and ethyl acetate fractions both exhibited 54.6584% reduction, thus, were also potent analgesics. Aqueous extract was subjected to further assay to determine the most effective concentration among the three concentrations, 1000 g/ml, 100 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml against three corresponding concentrations of the mefenamic acid which served as the positive control and distilled water as the solvent control. 1000 μg/ml of the aqueous fraction reduced the acetic acid-induced writhes by 90.5983%, while 100 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml of the fraction exhibited 80.0124%, respectively. Chromatographic analysis using TLC method showed that aqueous extract may contain terpenes, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, saponins and cardiac glycosides. Three fractions of similar TLC profiles (Al, A2 and A3) were obtained after vacuum liquid chromatography was carried out on the aqueous fraction. Fraction A2 showed the highest analgesic activity by reducing 80.87% of the acetic acid-induced withes. Fractions Al and A3 exhibited 37.61% and 35.00% reduction, respectively. Using methanol:ethyl acetate (1:1) as solvent system and vanillin-sulfuric acid, Dragendorff reagent, K3Fe(CN)6- FeCl3 and concentrated sulfuric acid as spray reagents, the spots in the chromatograms of fraction A2 indicated the presence of terpenes, alkaloids and cardiac glycosides. Thus, most probably, the active constituents responsible for the analgesic activity could be terpenes, alkaloids and cardiac glycosides.