Undergraduate Theses
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Item Marketing of palay and rice in the Municipality of Bugasong, AntiqueCainap, Ma. Liza A.; Vios, Gregg Louie O. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2003-03)This study describes the marketing practices and cost, net farm price received by the producers, gross margin received by the middlemen and the problems encountered in palay and rice marketing in the Municipality of Bugasong, Antique. Primary data were gathered from 24 palay producers who were interviewed about their last harvest and ten middlemen who were interviewed about their last week's transactions. Of the total volume sold by the producers (164,700kg), 79.67% went to the wholesaler-retailer-miller. The highest price of Php9.50kg was received by the producers from the National Food Authority (NFA), an institutional buyer. The lowest price of Php6.43/kg was received from the wholesaler-retailer-millers. The marketing costs incurred were Php3.81/kg and Php4.32/kg by the producers who sold within and outside the Municipality, respectively. The depreciation of investments accounted for the largest share of marketing costs of both the producers who sold within and outside of Bugasong. The palay producers who had sold to the NFA received the highest net farm price of Php7.38/kg. The producers who sold palay to the wholesaler- retailer-millers in Bugasong and wholesaler-retailers based outside of Bugasong received the lowest net farm price of Php4.06/kg. By market function, three types of middlemen were identified: wholesaler-retailer-miller, wholesaler-retailer and retailer. The middlemen sold a total volume of 3,603,486.67kg of palay within Bugasong and 972,250.58kg of rice within (45.44%) and outside (54.56%) of Bugasong. The wholesaler-retailers sold the highest volume (63.45%) of palay and the wholesaler-retailer-millers sold the highest volume (23.97%) of rice. The wholesaler-retailer-millers of palay received the highest average selling price of Php8.42/kg while the retailers of rice who sold outside of Bugasong received the highest selling price of Phpl6.50/kg. Among the middlemen who sold outside of Bugasong, the wholesaler-retailer-millers of palay (Phpl.Ol/kg) and wholesaler-retailers of rice (Php7.39/kg) received the highest gross margin. For those who sold within Bugasong, wholesaler-retailer-millers of rice had the highest gross margin received at Php9.10/kg. The retailers received the least gross margin at Phpl.l5/kg. Moreover, the wholesaler-retailer-millers of palay who sold outside of Bugasong and wholesaler-retailers of rice who sold within Bugasong received the highest net return of Php0.33/kg and Php8.22/kg, respectively. The low price of palay and rice was the main problem cited by the producers and the middlemen.Item Marketing of sweet pepper in Leon, IloiloCadarin, Eden C. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1998-07)This study describes the marketing system of sweet pepper in Leon, Iloilo. The marketing operations of sweet pepper farmers and middlemen were surveyed. A total of fifty two (52) respondents, were interviewed, forty (40) of which are farmers and twelve (12) are middlemen . The data were based on the recent harvest of the farmers and the last transaction activity of the middlemen. The respondents are from Brgy. Buga and Brgy. Mocol, the top sweet pepper producing barangays in Leon, Iloilo. The farmers received an average P 28.69 per kg of sweet pepper sold. The marketing costs incurred amounted to P 14.19 per kg, which include the pre-sale costs, expenses on tickets, permits, ”arcabala"/bills, depreciation costs on investments and other miscellaneous expenses. The net farm price received by farmers was P 15.50 per kg. The most common problems cited by the farmers in sweet pepper marketing include pests and diseases and the perishability of the product brought about by delayed market. It was recommended that for farmers to increase their production, they need to have irrigation facilities and enough financial capital so that they will not resort to borrowing . Farmers are concern more on the financial aspect of sweet pepper production. The middlemen on the other hand, received a gross margin of P 8.39 per kg. On the average, their marketing costs amounted to P4.34 per kg. The marketing margin they received was P 4.05 per kg. Findings show that the middlemen need to procure sweet pepper in bulk to cover the high marketing costs incurred. Their primary concern is in maintaining the quality of sweet pepper to avoid losses.Item Media preferences of local advertisers in Iloilo CityBonifacio, Nuevelar; Kawaguche, Gretchen (Division of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2006-10)This Broadcast Research is entitled "Media Preferences of Local Advertisers in Iloilo City. " The objectives of this study are to identify the local advertisers in Iloilo City, to categorize local advertisers, to determine the type of medium used in advertising a product, to differentiate the characteristics of each medium in advertising a product, and to find out the reasons why businessmen advertise a product. The study has 20 respondents. The researchers categorized the different businesses into four such as food, health, general services and housing utilities. The researchers gather the data through survey. Based on the results of the survey, it shows that businessmen in every category have different media preferences. The data shows that in food and health category, the most preferred medium was newspaper. In general services category, radio was the most preferred medium. However, in housing utilities category, radio and tri-media was the most preferred medium by the advertisers. Moreover, the respondents identified reasons why they advertise. It to was found bring out that businessmen engaged in advertising to bring new products to the attention of the consumers to buy or accept a product. Next, they advertise to maintain and defend markets for established brands, followed by helping potential customers choose among competing brands. And the last reason was to increase the use of goods and services among customers.Item The socio-economic factors that affect the in-migration decision of street vendors in downtown Iloilo CityBebis, Mary Grace C.; Benetiz, Earl Cexanne B. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2010-03)The lack of employment opportunities and poverty encourages migration from the rural to urban areas. This study aimed to determine the socio-economic factors that affect the in-migration decision of street vendors in downtown Iloilo City. The data were gathered through purposive sampling of sixty street vendors. The results indicated that the respondents main reason for migrating is the perceived availability of job opportunities in the city. However, information asymmetry, disproved this notion. Age is the only significant factor which contributed in migration decision in this study. The younger an individual is, the higher is the tendency to migrate. Currently, there are no local policies geared towards the welfare of the street vendors. It is highly recommended that the street vendors should be relocated at one place and development of the neighboring towns of Iloilo City be effected to curb the influx of in- migration.Item Marketing of milkfish fry in Pandan, AntiqueBayaras, Dinah A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1995-03)This study describes and analyses the marketing, channels, functions/practices, costs, margins, and shares received by each marketing channel, net price of milk-fish fry received by fry catchers, and the problems encountered in the marketing of milkfish fry in Pandan, Antique. Using a separate interview schedule for each kind of respondent, 40 fry catchers are asked about their latest catch on a per-day basis, and the ten middlemen were interviewed about their last transaction/s. Results showed that from the fry catchers, the 4,218 milkfish fry are sold to three types of middlemen: the commissionman, wholesaler and facilitative organization. Fifty-nine percent of the milkfish fry go to the facilitative organisation, twenty-three percent to the commissionman, and eighteen percent to the wholesaler. From the three types of middlemen, only 86 7, of what they’ve purchased were sold of the 3,610 milkfish fry sold, 55% of it go to the wholesaler/retailer. Others go outside of the municipality. All of the wholesaler/retailer purchases go outside of the municipality. The pre-sale practices performed by the fry catchers include gathering, counting, sorting, storing, and transporting, while the middlemen perform counting, sorting, storing, packaging, and transporting. In performing the five pre-sale practices by the fry catchers, the cost of P16.95 is incurred. These are all noncash costs. The cost of P4.0012 for the depreciation cost of marketing investment items and the mortality cost of P12.95 - This includes the allowance for mortality given to the buyer as well as the actual deaths of milkfish fry - are the composition of the marketing costs. The net. The price of milkfish fry is P0.24/piece. But 23% of the opportunity cost of labor was forgone. The pre-sale practices performed by each type of middleman involved in the marketing of milkfish fry accumulated a distinct cost for each type. For the commissionman, he has a total of P87,3367 marketing cost. The wholesaler incurred — 117.996, the facilitative organization has P570.4867, and the wholesaler/retailer has Pl,365.7987. The middleman who has the highest net return in terms of percentage of average revenue is the commissionman (70.62%), followed by the wholesaler (69.76%), then the facilitative organization (57.89%), and the smallest is received by the wholesaler/retailer (37.54). followed by the facilitative middleman (P0.21), and then the In terms of gross margin received by each type of middleman, the highest shareholder is the wholesaler /retailer (P0.28), then the wholesaler (PC, 23), and the commissionman (P0.06). The problems of poor transportation facilities, insufficient capital, communications in pricing, excessive mortality rates, and the absence of a buyer are the bottlenecks in the marketing system. These problems produce a bad outcome for the middlemen by increasing their losses.Item Marketing of Pina fiber in Balete, AklanBarrios, Jerson T. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1995-12-01)This study describes and analyses the different marketing channels, functions, costs, margins, and the different problems encountered by both producers of pina and middlemen of pina fiber in Balete, Aklan. Of the four barangay sampled, primary data were obtained from ten (10) producers who were asked about their recent halved, and 34 middlemen were consequently interviewed based on their last week’s operations. Results of the study show that out of the 40.200 pina leaves harvested by producers, scrapers absorbed the bulk or 69.71 %(24,900), while the legist fraction of .99% was token by producer-scrapers-trader. Highest prices paid for pina leaves at P0.35 was accorded by producer-scrapper-knotter while scraper-knotter offered the least price at P.25. Despite of the five marketing activities performed, and corresponding costs on marketing Investments, producers still incurred positive financial net farm price of P.217. By marketing functions, seven types of middlemen were observed, namely: scrapers, producer-scrapers, scraper-knotters, producer-scraper-knotter, knotters, producer-scraper-trader, and traders—who essentially perform an overlap of functions. Though all types of middlemen incurred positive gross margin, not everyone experienced positive not margins and net returns. With the bulk of transactions disposed by traders (1,668.125 leaves) and producer-scraper trader (2,000 leaves), these two types of middlemen received positive financial net margins and returns. Of the different marketing problems cited, majority the majority of producers and middlemen were unanimous in pointing at low price of the product as their biggest constraint Other than the need to increase the price, organizing a cooperative and support from the local government, this study suggests, that due to foe duplication of function among types of middlemen, specialization on a particular function (e.g, scraper or knotter— alone) is a must in order to curb the circuitous and dragging flow of the product and lessen costs on labor.Item Determination of the concentration of essential minerals (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Zn) in honey samples from Negros OccidentalArellano, Lory Mae F. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2018-06)Honey is a natural, sweet and highly nutritional substance produced by bees through a series of nectar collection and chemical processes. Due to the popularity of the product, certain regions in the Philippines has been producing honey and recently, different apiaries from Negros Occidental has been producing its own share of popular product in the market. The products are well received by the consumers, but the problem is the lack of characterization which gives the product doubtful and unconfirmed nutritional value. This study focuses on the quantification of essential minerals (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Zn) present in local honey samples from Negros Occidental. Eight honey samples were obtained from the different apiaries including an external sample from Mindoro. Samples were acid digested using HNO3/H2O2 solution at 130 °C. The concentration of each minerals in the honey samples were analyzed using AAS. The data reported high concentration (5.71 to 93.20 ppm) of K on most of the samples. The second most abundant mineral in the local honey is Ca ranging from 13.67 to 45.88 ppm. The Mg concentration ranges from 1.19 to 4.09 ppm while Na is in between 0.82 to 3.14 ppm. The mineral Zn and Fe contained the lowest concentration in most of the samples with Zn at 0.46 to 0.86 ppm and Fe at 0.04 to 0.30 ppm.Item A study of the performance of the marketing intermediaries at the Iloilo fishing port complexAcanto, Jan B. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1989-03)This research study presents an analysis on the performance of the marketing intermediaries at the Iloilo fishing Port Complex. The following types of intermediaries are involved in marketing fish landed at IFPC: brokers, wholesalers, bulanteros, and retailers. Brokers assemble and dispose the fish of producers while the wholesalers, bulanteros and retailers create the forms, time and place utilities. The results show that fish marketing intermediaries perform functions which are vital in the fish marketing system. Average costs per week were ₱13.67, ₱46.54 and ₱77.26 per tub for the brokers, wholesalers, and retailers, respectively. The average volume handled per week is 4,641.17 kilograms. Cost and returns analysis for all intermediaries showed that the average not return above total cost is ₱2.36 per kilogram. The average total income above total cost is ₱10,953.18 per week. The rate of return to capital, operator’s labor, and entrepreneurship is 14.49 percent. Efficiency of each type of intermediary _ could not be measured due to the fact that the sample size of each type is not sufficient to obtain significant results. In relation to this, a further study that could measure the efficiency of each intermediary is recommended by the researcher.