UPV Theses and Dissertations
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Item Survival and growth of the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra (Jaeger) juveniles reared at different dietsBaylon, Basil C. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2009-03)Sea cucumbers are economically important species, with high demand in local and international markets. Overharvesting due to this high demand causes depletion of wild populations of sea cucumbers. Stock enhancement has been resorted to improve the status of natural populations. This will need the development of rearing technology which includes studies on the effects of different diets on sea cucumber juveniles. In this study, the effects of five diets on growth and survival of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra juveniles were compared. The five treatments used were benthic diatoms (Navicula sp.) alone, combination of benthic diatoms and seaweed (Sargassum sp.) extract, seagrass extract alone, combination of benthic diatoms and seagrass (Thalassia sp.) extract, and commercial shrimp feed. Three replicates were used for each treatment. For every replicate. 10 juveniles with body length 1-2 mm were reared in a 3-L culture container with seawater and no sand substrate. Salinity ranged from 32-35 ppt and the temperature from 26-29°C. It was observed that there was a trend of increasing body weight, body length, and body width of juveniles as weeks of culture progressed. After 7 weeks of culture, best weight gain, increase in body length and body width was achieved in juveniles fed with either benthic diatoms alone or combination diet of benthic diatoms and seaweed extract. There was high survival in all feeding treatments except in H. scabra juveniles fed with commercial shrimp feed. The lowest body weight, length and width and lowest survival were consistently obtained from juveniles given commercial shrimp feed.Item Mangrove community structure survey in Iloilo RiverBayate, Bryna Kimberly L. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2004-04)Mangroves are highly productive forests growing along tropical tidal mudflats and shallow water coastal areas where water is generally brackish. The structure of the mangrove stand in the Iloilo River was studied using the transect line plot method with 55 plots established in the 3 out of 4 stations of the river. Community Structure is described in terms of the following parameters: basal area, stems per hectare, relative density, relative frequency, relative dominance and importance value of the species and the Shannon Index of Diversity. Variations in these parameters are correlated with certain physico-chemical factors- soil and water temperature, soil and water pH, and water salinity.Nineteen(19) true mangrove species were found in the area belonging to 10 families. These include Mysinaceae family represented by Aegiceras corniculatum ; Avicenniaceae family represented by Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis and Avicennia rumphiana; Euphorbiaceae family represented by Excoecaria agallocha; Sterculiaceae family represented by Heritiera littoralis; Combretaceae family represented by Lumnitzera racemosa; Palmae family represented by Nypa fruticans; Rhizophoraceae family represented by Bruguiera cylindrica Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, and Rhizophora stylosa; Sonneratiaceae family represented by Sonneratia alba, Sonneratia caseolaris, and Sonneratia ovata.Ruciaceae family represented by Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea and Meliaceae family represented by Xylocarpus granatum, and Xylocarpus meckongensis. Avicennia officinalis has the highest total basal area of 650.69m2/ha, Avicennia alba, Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis, Avicennia rumphiana, Exoecaria agallocha, Lumnitzera racemosa, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia alba and Xylocarpus moluccensis have equal relative frequency of 0.074. Avicennia marina obtained the highest stems per hectare with a value of 38933.33, relative density of 0.405 relative dominance of 0.332 and importance value of 0.913. The index of diversity is 1.010, indicating that the area is diverse.Item A comparative study of the microorganisms found in the vaginal flora of pill and non pill user by Pap smearBayate, Aimee Sarena L. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-03)This study was conducted to identify and classify the organisms that are present in pill users and non-pill users. It will determine if taking of pills cause changes in the microflora of pill (combined) users and will describe the profile of both pill and non-pill users. The study use 200 prepared smears of the vagina, divided equally to both pill and non-pill users. The slides were collected at Dr. Ricardo Y. Ladrido Memorial Hospital, Lambunao, Iloilo by the family planning physician with the help of the medical technologist. The profile of the patients were also gathered to provide more information about the subjects. The organisms were identified according to their basic morphological characteristic. The results indicate that bacilli which is the normal inhabitant of the vagina is present in 200 samples. Cocci is present in both groups but occure more in women who are pill users. In the parasite group, Trichomonas vaginalis is present in women who are pill user and Candida is present in both groups but occur more in women who are pill users. The test for the estimation of the difference between two proportions reveal that the z values obtained from the experiment falls between the critical region which has a value of 2.58. Such a value indicate that the prevalence of parasites and bacteria are equal among pill and non-pill users.Item The agricultural education outreach project in Aklan: Barangay Sibalew, BangaBautista, Reynold R. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1992-07)This study uses the concept of agricultural extension as a catalyst of change for rural development. Suffice it to say, the objective of agricultural extension is to provide the rural people the appropriate information, technology and values to make them self-reliant in the context of their own environment. However, the realisation of this goal is dependent on the extent of acceptance and participation of the rural people themselves. In this study, the Aklan Agricultural College-Agricultural Education Outreach Project in Aklan is supposed to bring self- reliance among the farmers of barangay Sibalew, Bangs by effective transfer of appropriate technology. Based on the principles of extension service, it has been determined that the A.E.0.p project in Sibalew, particularly its economic and social services, has been instrumental in improving the productivity and income and broadly, the social and economic aspects or the farmers life. Needless to say, the A.E.0.P-introduced technologies have been embraced by the majority of farmers in the barangay--which exemplifies the effectiveness of the A.E.O.P project.Item Exposure to anti-prostitution campaign and the level of awareness and knowledge of Rizal Estanzuela Residents and sex workers in Iloilo City towards task force on moral and values formation's anti-prostitution campaignBayonita, Erlyn I.; Iniego, Christine Joy V.; Tetosera, Jimma Luz P. (Division of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2011-03)This study aims to determine the exposure to anti-prostitution campaign and the level of awareness and knowledge of the residents of Rizal Estanzuela and the sex workers in Iloilo City towards Task Force on Moral and Values Formation's anti-prostitution campaign. It also intends to assess the needs of the existing campaign. It follows two sampling procedures: simple random sampling and purposive sampling procedure. The results will then be the basis for the production of the campaign materials. The respondents of this study will consist of both sex workers and residents of Rizal Estanzuela, Iloilo City. Based on the results of the study, the researchers found out that the residents of Rizal Estanzuela have average level of awareness and average level of knowledge towards the campaign. Sex workers in Iloilo City have high level of awareness but have average level of knowledge regarding the said campaign.Item Marketing of milkfish fry in Pandan, AntiqueBayaras, Dinah A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1995-03)This study describes and analyses the marketing, channels, functions/practices, costs, margins, and shares received by each marketing channel, net price of milk-fish fry received by fry catchers, and the problems encountered in the marketing of milkfish fry in Pandan, Antique. Using a separate interview schedule for each kind of respondent, 40 fry catchers are asked about their latest catch on a per-day basis, and the ten middlemen were interviewed about their last transaction/s. Results showed that from the fry catchers, the 4,218 milkfish fry are sold to three types of middlemen: the commissionman, wholesaler and facilitative organization. Fifty-nine percent of the milkfish fry go to the facilitative organisation, twenty-three percent to the commissionman, and eighteen percent to the wholesaler. From the three types of middlemen, only 86 7, of what they’ve purchased were sold of the 3,610 milkfish fry sold, 55% of it go to the wholesaler/retailer. Others go outside of the municipality. All of the wholesaler/retailer purchases go outside of the municipality. The pre-sale practices performed by the fry catchers include gathering, counting, sorting, storing, and transporting, while the middlemen perform counting, sorting, storing, packaging, and transporting. In performing the five pre-sale practices by the fry catchers, the cost of P16.95 is incurred. These are all noncash costs. The cost of P4.0012 for the depreciation cost of marketing investment items and the mortality cost of P12.95 - This includes the allowance for mortality given to the buyer as well as the actual deaths of milkfish fry - are the composition of the marketing costs. The net. The price of milkfish fry is P0.24/piece. But 23% of the opportunity cost of labor was forgone. The pre-sale practices performed by each type of middleman involved in the marketing of milkfish fry accumulated a distinct cost for each type. For the commissionman, he has a total of P87,3367 marketing cost. The wholesaler incurred — 117.996, the facilitative organization has P570.4867, and the wholesaler/retailer has Pl,365.7987. The middleman who has the highest net return in terms of percentage of average revenue is the commissionman (70.62%), followed by the wholesaler (69.76%), then the facilitative organization (57.89%), and the smallest is received by the wholesaler/retailer (37.54). followed by the facilitative middleman (P0.21), and then the In terms of gross margin received by each type of middleman, the highest shareholder is the wholesaler /retailer (P0.28), then the wholesaler (PC, 23), and the commissionman (P0.06). The problems of poor transportation facilities, insufficient capital, communications in pricing, excessive mortality rates, and the absence of a buyer are the bottlenecks in the marketing system. These problems produce a bad outcome for the middlemen by increasing their losses.Item Socio-economic analysis of municipal fishing in selected barangays of Banate, IloiloBayani, Marie Joy G. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1999-03)The main objectives of the study were to determine the social and economic characteristics of municipal fishermen, costs structure, profitability level, and problems encountered by municipal fishermen in Banate Iloilo. The study made used of cost and return analysis to determine the economic condition of the respondents. This study covered the municipal fishermen of selected barangays of Banate, Iloilo. The study was dependent on the data given by the respondents and not all data maybe reliable. The assumption that changes in effort and adjustment in fishing stocks were taken into consideration. The findings of the study showed that 93.75 % of the fisherman respondents were dependent on fishing for their livelihood. All the fishermen except the hook and line operators could not be considered as absolute poor as their income compared to the poverty threshold. The cost and return analysis of the study showed that fish corral operators incurred the lowest opportunity cost, which amounted to PHP 31.47, while crab pots registered the highest opportunity cost of PHP 48.39. Set gillnet incurred the highest variable cost of PHP 80.62 per trip. Crab pot incurred the highest fixed cost, which amounted to PHP 56 0 per trip. In profit, crab pot incurred the highest gross profit with PHP 380.58, and hook and line registered the lowest gross profit of PHP 1.30 per trip. As expected, the crab pot incurred the highest net profit of PHP 276. 19 per trip. Moreover, in all profitability indices, crab pot, push net, and set the gillnet posted positive receipts. Fish corral and hook and line incurred negative profitability indices. The variations in the results can be attributed to the difference in gears used by the respondents, average trip per week, average hour per trip, percentage of motorized and non-motorized boats, and the average volume of catch per trip. The most common problem faced by the respondents was the presence of illegal fishing in their area. In line with the goals to increase the productivity and welfare of the small-scale fishermen in Banate, the government should give support and assistance in order to upgrade the living conditions of the municipal fishermen.Item Moss (Brachythecium sp.) and a filamentous green algae (Oedogonium sp.) as bunker oil sorbentsBautista, Norwell Brian C. (Division of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2007-04)Oil spills are very catastrophic and very destructive events. One way of controlling the dispersion of oil from these spills is by the use of sorbents. The procurement of commercial sorbents can be very costly. Thus, this study analyzed and evaluated the efficiency and effectivity of moss (Brachythecium sp.) and a green filamentous algae Oedogonium sp. as substitutes for commercial sorbents. Brachythecium sp. can grow in any moisture—rich environment and Oedogonium sp. algae grow freely in fish ponds and in any body of stagnant, oxygen-poor water. Thus, both samples are very abundant in the environment. Sorption capacity results showed that the moss Brachythecium sp. and the algae Oedogonium sp. can sorb five times and seven times its weight, respectively. In comparison, Peat Sorb, a commercial sorbent, was recorded to sorb 15 times its weight (Emedco, 2007). The minimum sorption capacity of the moss and algae samples was recorded to be approximately equal to their weight. The adsorption isotherms of both samples follow the Langmuir plot for monolayer adsorption. In the hexane capillary rise experiment, hexane rose significantly in ground moss (72.25 mm in 7 min.) and unground moss (64.80 mm in 7 min.) compared with unground algae (23.52 mm in 7 min.) and (20.70 mm in 7 min.), indicating that moss is more hydrophobic. In water, capillary rise, on the other hand, unground algae is a better medium (5.76 mm in 4 min) compared to the rest (ground algae - 4 mm, unground moss - 5.29 mm, and ground moss — 4.11 mm, all in 4 min.). Results also revealed that the moss Brachythecium sp. and the algae Oedogonium sp. expressed hydrophobic characters in the hexane-water system by remaining in the hexane layer after agitation. The moisture content of the algae (14.85%) is twice that of moss (7.94%). This gives the moss an advantage in oil sorption. The lipid contents of algae (15.58%) and moss (11.47%) do not comprise the majority of their biomass, but the lipids aid in increasing the samples’ affinity for non-polar substances. The samples may not sorb as effectively as the commercial sorbents, but they are abundant in the environment, thus, a cheaper alternative. Like Peat Sorb, which was processed from the biomass of Sphagnum sp. moss, the samples may undergo the same process that increases the hydrophobicity several-fold and gives oil-biodegradation capabilities.Item Small farmers' adoption of rice combine harvesters in Binalbagan, Negros OccidentalBayona, Kate Ashley S. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2024-06)The use of Rice Combine Harvesters (RCH) is currently pushed as part of the country's mechanization program in agriculture. Much of the literature assessing the adoption of RCH only focuses on the tangible determinants of their adoption, but not the in-depth sociological lived experience of farmers following their adoption, including their nuanced rationalization amidst the process. This study investigated the RCH adoption among small farmers in Binalbagan, Negros Occidental, specifically delving into the (1) characteristics of farmers, (2) drivers of RCH adoption, (3) challenges faced during adoption, (4) nature of frequency and consistency of RCH use, and (5) adjustment strategies in using the RCH pursued through descriptive phenomenology and an in-depth interview of 12 participants through purposive sampling. Thematic analysis revealed that the small farmers belong to the early majority adopter category whose adoption is highly facilitated by membership in Irrigators’ Associations and lack of manual laborers. The regularity of their usage also depended on climate, laborers, topography, and farm systems and confronted issues with wastage, additional cost and labor, and field damage to RCH that was mitigated through mediating previous and current farm set ups and maintaining affirmative social relationships within the community. These findings depict the complexities in small fanners’ RCH adoption and the intricacies of their receptivity in each region calling for larger analysis of RCH adoption in the country to know its general status and underscores the need for the implementation and development of national policies like technology diffusion to be contextually sensitive and pro-farmers.Item Comparative analysis of the gut content of Scylla de Haan, 1833 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Portunidae) collected from the rivers of poblacion Sapian, CapizBautista, Florey Jane O. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2013-04)The natural diet for various sizes and both sexes of the mud crab Scylla sp. collected from the river located at Brgy. Poblacion Sapian Capiz, Philippines was determined. Gut content analysis was conducted for the mud crabs ranging from 30- 109.99 mm carapace width. Results showed that predominant food of mud crab Scylla sp. consists of crustaceans such as shrimps and crabs as well, fish, mollusk, sand shells, unidentified egg, and even plants. Most of the gut content however, consists of chyme due to heavy mastication and presence of the gastric mills that digest the food. There is no ontogenetic shift or difference in the diet as well as diet difference between male and female crabs. The results were discussed in relation with the species’ feeding patterns and the effect of the diet on the maturation of the crab: