UPV Theses and Dissertations

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A benchmark survey on the cyanide and protein content in the leaves and roots of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Iloilo
Bacolod, Hanny Joy C. (Division of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2006-04)
The cyanide and protein content of the roots and the leaves of the cassava samples were determined. Samples were taken from five locations, namely, Mambatad, Miagao; Poblacion, Lambunao; Ambarihon, Tubungan; Naclub, Miagao; and Calampitao, Miagao. This study shows the levels of cyanide and protein in the roots and leaves of the cassava samples from the five selected locations in the province of Iloilo only. It does not establish any concrete conclusion on the cyanide and protein content of the cassava in Iloilo. Based on the results, the amount of cyanide varies among parts of the plant with an average of 229 ppm in the leaves and 100 ppm in the roots. It also varies among varieties in the same location, the white root variety having 125 ppm cyanide in the roots and 202 ppm in the leaves, while the yellow root variety has an average of 58.2 ppm cyanide in the roots and 263 ppm in the leaves. Different locations also have different levels of cyanide. Cyanide content also decreases in the roots as the period of storage is prolonged. The level of cyanide in the white root variety from Lambunao decreased by 17.1% on the 2nd day and 61.5% on the 3rd day, while the yellow root variety, also from Lambunao, decreased by only 4.3% on the 2nd day and 30.1% on the third day. Total soluble protein in the leaves (0.12%) of the samples is higher than in the roots (0.11%) . Among the roots, the amount of protein varies. It was found out that there is a significant correlation (0.750 at 0.05 level) between the amount of protein in the roots and that in the leaves of the samples.
A case analysis of the rehabilitation programs of the Municipality of Pavia, Iloilo after typhoon Frank
Alvarado, Rejay Y.; Sodusta, Russell P. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2011-05)
This undergraduate research entitled A Case Analysis of the Rehabilitation Programs of the Municipality of Pavia, Iloilo after Typhoon Frank presents the different rehabilitation programs implemented by the Local Government of Pavia and their effects to the people of the said municipality. Using three different methods of data gathering and data triangulation, the researchers found out that the LGU of Pavia implemented a number of rehabilitation programs which include human, structural and livelihood rehabilitation. Results, however, show that there is an information gap between the implementers and the receiving end since the people barely recognize or are aware of, or are dissatisfied with the efforts and the performance of the LGU. The results also highlight some of the factors that lead to the vulnerability of the Municipality of Pavia to natural hazards. The analysis, which uses Piers Blaikie’s Release of Pressures Model, entails the ways by which the vulnerabilities of the municipality will be solved and eventually progress to safety. The researchers’ recommendations include suggestions for improvement based on the thematic areas of the Hyogo Framework for Action: governance; risk assessment; knowledge and information; risk management and vulnerability reduction, and, disaster preparedness and response.
A community study of mangroves in Brgy. Caliling, Cauayan, Negros Occidental
Barredo, Sherry Marie P. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2000-03)
The species distribution of the mangrove community in Brgy. Caliling, Cauayanz Negros Occidental was studied using the transect line plot method with three plots for each of four stations established. Both stations 1 and 4 were located landward, while stations 2 and 3 were located seaward. Community structure Is described in terms of the following parameters; basal area, number of trees per hectare, importance value, relative density, relative frequency, frequency of species and relative dominance. Variations in these parameters are correlated with physico-chemical factors such as the air, water and soil temperature, water depth, salinity and pH. Ten true species were found In the mangals of the coastal environment of Brgy. Caliling, Cauayan, Negros Occidental. They were Avicennia aiba, Avicennia Janata, Avicennia manna, Campostemon phiiHpinensis, Excoecaria agallocha, Osbomia octodonta, Nipa fruticans, Brugeria cylindrica, Rhizophora apiculata and R. mucronata. Standard Basal Area was highest in Station 3 with 7.54 m/ha. In terms of zonation, the landward zone was found to have the highest Stand Basal Area with 11.15 m/ha. Station 2 had the highest density value of 33.92 %, whereas in terms of zonation, both the middle and seaward zone had the density value of 36.20 %. Avicennia marina was found to be the most dominant species and was observed to occupy sites with hypersaline conditions, in silty clay to muddy substratum, which may or may not be inundated by tidal flow most of the time.
A comparative study of issue and candidate orientation of voters in rural and urban barangays
Azzaraga, Josephine D. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1996-03)
Voting is the most important political activity, and for most Filipinos the only means of political participation, engaged in by citizens in a democratic society. Thus, it is important to examine the degree of importance given by voters towards issues as opposed to candidates' ascribed personal traits and achievements and their (the voters’) particularistic interests’ when they cast their votes. The locale, which is either rural or urban, may possibly show different degrees of these influences on the voters. This study, therefore, seeks to determine the level of issue and candidate orientations of voters in rural and urban barangays. The study also aims to compare the level of issue and candidate orientations of voters from rural and urban barangays. Given these objectives, a survey was conducted in the rural barangays of Bacauan, Indag-an and North Kirayan in Miag-ao, Iloilo and the urban barangays of San Pedro, Rizal and Rizal Pala-pala II in Iloilo City with a total of 100 respondents. A questionnaire which contains issue and candidate orientation scales was used. These scales were designed to elicit the issue awareness and concern of the respondents when they chose their candidate for president in the 1992 election as well as the respondents' attraction towards candidates when they voted The findings of the study reveal that voters in rural barangays are moderately issue- oriented. The study also found a majority of the voters from urban barangays to be moderately issue oriented. Among rural voters, the level of candidate orientation was found to be moderate. Voters from urban barangays were found to have a moderate level of candidate orientation. Results of the study using the Mann-Whiney U test showed that voters from rural barangays were no less issue-oriented than those from urban barangays. Also, no difference was found in the level of candidate orientation of rural and urban voters. Results suggest that attitudes towards candidates and issues in national elections are not affected by the locale of the voter.
A comparative study of marital satisfaction, trust and intimacy among wives in long distance and geographically close relationships
Aurecencia, Lory Stel Z.; Lorenzo, Ma. Concepcion A. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2014-03)
This study aims to know and compare the marital satisfaction, trust and intimacy of wives in long distance and geographically close relationships. Forty (40) wives of seafarers from Miagao, Iloilo were selected through referral sampling for the long distance relationship and 40 wives from Lapaz, Iloilo City were selected through convenience sampling for the geographically close relationship. Four (4) respondents were interviewed for each type of relationship. Four (4) instruments were utilized namely: Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale, Trust in Close Relationships Scale, Miller Social Intimacy Scale, and an interview guide developed by the researchers. Results showed that the respondents are generally satisfied, trusting, and are intimate with their partners. Wives in long distance and geographically close relationships do not significantly differ in marital satisfaction and trust but significantly differ in intimacy. Furthermore, distance does not significantly affect marital satisfaction and trust but there is a moderately negative correlation between distance and intimacy.
A comparative study on the implementation of social amelioration program under Bayanihan 1 and 2 in Iloilo City and Davao City, Philippines
Ayag, Edgar Maverick C., II; Basilan, Glyngie Erika S. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2022-06)
To address the economic problems posed by the pandemic, the Philippine government institutionalized two Bayanihan laws to issue cash assistance to the affected families through the Social Amelioration Program (SAP). This study outlined the similarities and differences in the SAP implementation under Bayanihan 1 and 2 of Iloilo City and Davao City through a descriptive research design, particularly their beneficiary selection and accountability efforts. The results of this study suggest divergences in the actors involved and their roles in the implementation, the approaches and behaviors of the city mayors, and the numerous changes in the guidelines set by the national government caused such similarities and differences. Inadequate budget forwarded by the national government produced gaps in personnel complement to cover beneficiary selection and accountability efforts, which were filled up by local government resources. The results of the study are consistent with the claim of the Institutionalist Theory of Public Policy that the actors involved in the institutions, as well as their roles and arrangements, dictate the outcomes of policies. In addition, they are also consistent with the claim of the Rational Choice Theory that actors in the policy arena try to maximize their utility to achieve their goals.
A comparison of spelling in texting and formal writing
Barrientos, Shiela Rose Z.; Vencer, Ruby Jean A. (Division of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2011-03)
This study, entitled A Comparison of Spelling in Texting and Formal Writing, shows the similarities and differences in spelling by high school students on mobile communication and in formal writing. It also provides educators basic information on whether or not they should worry over the spelling skills of students. And it will somehow shed light on the ongoing debate as to the perceived influence of text messaging on the writing skills of students. The respondents of the study were fourth-year students of Palaca-Damilisan National High School. Using essays and text messages written and composed by the high school students, the researchers aimed to describe how high school students construct messages using cellular phone, find out their commonly misspelled words in English language based on the set of words provided by the researchers, and finally to compare the way high school students spell words in text messaging and formal writing. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior of Ajzen (2006) that shows how a person’s beliefs, the social pressure to conform to the wishes of others, and perceived ability to carry out the action can affect his behavior such as spelling words in text messaging and formal writing. After the necessary data were gathered, the researchers found that majority of the respondents scored low in spelling in text messaging and scored average in the formal writing. Twenty or 48% has a low score both in text messaging and formal writing. Only two respondents got an average score both in text messaging and formal writing, while only one rated high in formal writing but scored low in text messaging. The researchers found out that in text messaging, five of the 15 words in the list were consistently misspelled while in formal writing, the respondents spelled properly all the words except for one, which is irresistible. In addition, respondents used contractions, numbers and symbols as substitute for letters and omitted some vowels in text messaging, while in formal writing the respondents do not substitute letters with numbers. The researchers recommend to conduct more studies on the perceived influence of technological advancement such as cellular phone on the word construction in formal writing, improve the questionnaire so as to satisfy other elements stated in the Theory of Planned Behavior, formulate survey questions that will measure the respondents’ English language skills, conduct a study that would compare the spelling skills of cellular phone and non-cellular phone users, and conduct the study on a group of respondents who are cellular phone users and have a high competence in the English language.
A comparison on the effect of light on melanophore differentiation in the larval stage of frog, Hyla sp.
Araneta, Merrie Celine E. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1996-03)
Three set-ups were exposed to different experimental conditions namely: set-up A. under prolonged light: set-up B. under prolonged darkness: set-up C. under normal condition. Observation was done under the dissecting microscope from the first appearance of melanophores until the migration was stabilized. The pattern of differentiation was observed to be the same in all set-ups. only the distribution and the color intensity differred. B was the darkest and C was the lightest. It only showed that light could not, alter the pattern of melanophore differentiation, only the distribution.
A content analysis of 12 episodes of the radio comedy-drama Toyang Ermitanya
Bantiquete, Theola H.; Galanza, Siena Therese M.; Gersabalino, Jeniffer G. (Division of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2008-03)
This study “A Content Analysis of the Radio-Comedy Drama Toyang Ermitanya” aims:(1) to identify the various issues presented in the 12 episodes of the drama (Episodes 256-267, aired in July 2003); (2) to classify the issues into different categories such as political, social, economic, religious, educational and others (gender issues); (3) to determine which of the six categories are frequently raised, and; (4) to determine whether or not the drama reflects social reality. The researchers used a sell-devised descriptive code sheet in analyzing and categorizing the issues that are presented in the drama. They set six categories where each issue would fall. Percentage distribution was used to determine which among the six categories is frequently raised. They also provided actual samples of the issues under each category, quoted in the Hiligaynon language with its corresponding translation in English. Researched on the events that happened in July 2003--the time when the 12 episodes were aired over Bombo Rady Iloilo— were then related to the issues that were presented in the 12 episodes of the drama in order to determine whether or not Toyang Ermitanya reflects social reality. This study is significant for it provides an in-depth treatment of the societal issues, thus, making people aware of the prevalent issues confronting the society at the same time. Second, it serves as an important tool in analyzing the role of media in presenting various issues of the society in a manner that almost everyone can relate to. In the process, it will guide media practitioners in producing a satirical program that will catch the interest, and at the same time, meet the need of the society in terms of information and entertainment. The researchers identified 163 issues that were raised in the 12 episodes of the drama Toyang Ermitanya. Results of the study show that social issues are frequently raised in the drama. It is followed by political, economic, religious, others (gender issues), and finally, educational which got a zero percentage. Using the Cone-effect theory, the study shows that Radio Comedy-Drama Toyang Ermitanya reflects social reality. The study would have been better if the researchers interviewed the producer/ scriptwriter of Toyang Ermitanya. For future researchers, the researchers recommend that research on another radio drama be done to further validate this study’s claim that radio dramas are not only for entertainment, but, are also a good source of information and reflect social realities.
A critical analysis of the movie "Bikini Open"
Aportadera, Ela Vanessa; Azarcon, Rudylyne; Baldeviso, Donna Marie; Novelo, Fiona; Punsalan, Jona Marie (Division Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2005-10-21)
This study entitled "A Critical Analysis of the Movie Bikini Open," will find out whether the said film affirms the real state of Philippine Mass Media. The study aims to identify the issues on Phi lippine media depicted in the movie, point out the issues confronting media in the Philippine society, determine the similarities and differences of the issues depicted in the movie with the current state of Philippine media and society, analyze the issues reflected in the movie in the context of Philippine media and society, and point out the implications of the movie on the Philippine media and society. Twelve professionals from Iloilo City coming from the academe, television, radio, and print media and the film's director served as respondents of the study. The study used Critical Theories of Communication in analyzing the film in the context of Philippine media and society. Results of the study indicate that Philippine media tends to serve the interest of the dominating class such as advertisers and media owners who exercise power over those below them intheir pursuit of economic interests. Philippine mass media is leaning towards the practice wherein corporate responsibility takes over social responsibility. With competition, the media resorted to sensationalism and exploitation. Moreover, media content is used as a commodity in order to sell. Finally Philippine media serves as a potent force in shaping the way of life of the people. Although such ills in the media occur, this does not generally speak for the entire Philippine mass media. Thus, this study concluded that the film "Bikini Open" partly affirmed the state of Philippine media in reality.
A critical review of UPV-based Coastal Resource Management (CRM) studies
Agris, Charmaine Joy F. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-08)
This undergraduate research project is a critical review of UPV-Based Coastal Resource Management (CRM) studies from four significantly diversesources covering a total of fifty two (52) CRM studies.This research aims to identify and to critically analyze the collection of undergraduate projects of Political Science and Economics students of the University of the Philippines in the Visayas, select articles from Danyag: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences articles, unpublished studies deposited in the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Extension (OVCRE) and the December 2006 Culture and Resource Management issue of Palayag of the Center for West Visayan Studies. The studies were distributed into different categories and subcategories to ensure that they are divided into mutually exclusive and independent groups and so as to avoid overlapping of data. Employing the system of categorization, this critical review analyzes the range of themes and topics tackled in the studies and is intended to determine the development of research methodology, theoretical and conceptual framework, and findings of the studies included in all the categories. The four major categories are: (a) Studies on Decentralized Management, (b) Studies on Natural Resource Governance, (c) Social Dynamics in Coastal Resource Management, and (d) Human Dimensions in Coastal Resource Management. The extensive listings of coastal resource management studies revealed that country’s CRM practices are rooted on participation, collaboration and is geared towards sustainability. A holistic coastal resource management practice should be modeled on the synthesis drawnfrom the knowledge, skills and past experiences from both governmental and local efforts to the management of coastal resources.
A descriptive study on how adolescents respond to value-bearing communication
Asong, Mariver A.; Bobe, Minnie Marie M.; Guadalquiver, Nanette L.; Jalover, Carol P.; Niembra, Lorlyn C.; Rasmo, Anna Vina Lisa L.; Salazar, Ma. Jonalyn U.; Tupas, Euridice L. (Division of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1995-03)
This study is an attempt to re-validate the study framework of Dr. Jacobson Kliatchko, which he used in his dissertation entitled, Communication and Attitude Development: A Philosophical Perspective. The framework deals with the development of attitudes after exposure to value-bearing communication. Because this study does not deal with the cause and effect relationship, the variables are rather called as components. The components of such study framework are: environment, value-bearing communication, and attitude. In this study, the environment is Marillac Academy. The value-bearing communication is the module on good study habits. And the attitude is the study habits of the respondents. needed data. Purposive sampling was used to determine the respondents. The essays and interviews with the students and the questionnaires filled up by the parents were the instruments designed to elicit the needed data. The general objective of this study is to determine how adolescents respond to value-bearing communication. Results reveal that although most of the respondents did not follow their study schedule, all of them have allotted time for their studies as reflected by the filled up observation sheets accomplished by the parents. This suggests that there is favorable response on the part of the respondents towards value-bearing communication. The study framework of Dr. Kliatchko that was used in the study shows that there is indeed an attitude formed when a value-bearing communication is inputted to a certain environment.
A historical analysis of Pintado (Euphorbia heterophylla)
Alcarde, Annabelle Z. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-03)
A histochemical study on Euphorbia heterophylla, a shrubby plant of the Family Euphorbiaceae was performed to screen the plant for the presence of medically important substances that could be responsible for its curative powers. Results of the analysis showed that aldehydes are highly detectable in the stem (xylem and phloem); moderately detectable in the leaf (xylem), stem (epidermis and vascular cambium), root (phloem) and flower (ovary); and slightly detectable in the flower (calyx). Alkaloids are moderately detectable in the stem (xylem, vascular cambium, and phloem) and slightly detectable in the leaf (xylem, vascular cambium, epidermis, and phloem). Amygdalin is highly detectable in the leaf (xylem) and stem (epidermis); moderately detectable in the root (phloem), and fruit (seed and pericarp); and slightly detectable in the root (xylem) and the flower (ovary). Arbutin is highly detectable in the xylem of the leaf and pericarp of the fruit; moderately detectable in the phloem of the leaf and vascular cambium of the stem; and slightly detectable in the stem (xylem, phloem, and epidermis), root (xylem), and flower (ovary). Saponins are highly detectable in the leaf (xylem, phloem, and epidermis), (xylem), root (xylem and phloem), flower (calyx and ovary) and fruit (seed). Formic acid is moderately detectable in the leaf and stem (epidermis), and slightly detectable in the stem and root (xylem). Oxalic acid is slightly detectable in the stem (phloem). Tannins are highly detectable in the stem (xylem and phloem) and fruit (pericarp); moderately detectable in the leaf (xylem and phloem) and fruit (seed); and slightly detectable in the stem (epidermis).
A novel water-in-oil-in-water emulsion to encapsulate antibacterial agents
Balcarcel, Angelica V. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2018-06)
Encapsulating bioactive compounds can protect them from adverse conditions. This study aimed to encapsulate bioactive agents in a stable multiple emulsion system using a material that can be recovered easily from a product abundant here in the country. Results of the study revealed that the method of encapsulation used is effective in encapsulating and releasing the bioactive compound encapsulated. The antibacterial activity determination showed that encapsulated chlorhexidine is effective against both S. aureus and E. coli bacteria. Further investigation was made by encapsulating aqueous guava (Psidium guajava) extract in the same emulsion system (water-in-oil- in-water) using recovered coconut milk protein (CMP) as a gelling agent. The evaluation of the stability of the emulsions revealed that the treatment with 40% guava extract in the aqueous phase of its primary emulsion (Emulsion 3) is the most stable among the other treatments. This treatment showed the smallest droplet size range and most uniformed droplet sizes. The creaming index of this treatment also showed the lowest values after three (3) weeks of storage. On the other hand, the treatment with 60% guava extract in the aqueous phase of its primary emulsion (Emulsion 4) appeared to be the most stable against heating. However, no antibacterial activity was observed for any of the emulsion systems both S. aureus and E. coli bacteria. Additional test revealed that the bioactive compound present in the plant extract was disrupted by the sonication process
A preliminary investigation of the antibacterial activity of the alkaloidal constituent of Hyptis suaveolens Poit (Family Labiatae)
Alcayde, Glenn G. (Division of Physical Sciences & Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1999-03)
This study determined the effectiveness of the alkaloidal constituent on the leaves ofHyptis suaveolens against the four bacteria namely S. aureus, B. subtil is E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, and two fungi namely C. albicans and S. cerevisae. The alkaloidal constituent was first detected using the Culvenor-Fitzgerald method. It was then separated in the form of an alkaloidal residue. The residue was separated further using column chromatography. This process resulted in three fraction isolates.These three fraction isolates were purified and determined their physical properties. Finally, each fraction isolate was prepared into three concentrations, 100%, 50%, and 25%. The isolates of three concentrations were then tested on six microorganisms and growth of inhibition was measured. Results showed that the three fraction isolates in three different concentrations exhibited no antibacterial and antifungal effect
A preliminary investigation on the physico-chemical parameters of the habitat and associated flora of Rafflesia sp. along the western side of Sibalom Natural Park
Alacapa, Lilluck F. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2003-04)
Rafflesia, bearing the largest flowers in the world, was found to exist in Sibalom Natural Park. In view of efforts to conserve the Rafflesia site, this study entitled, “A preliminary investigation on the physico-chemical parameters of the habitat and associated flora of Rafflesia sp. along the western side of Sibalom Natural Park”, aims to come up with information as to what conditions do these flowers grow and their associated flora. This study hopes to help strengthen biodiversity conservation efforts of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. The study had ten sampling sites, five of which with the existence of Rafflesia sp. and five of which without Rafflesia sp.. In each of these areas the data gathered were girth of trees, saplings and seedlings, list and number of existing flora within the area, soil pH, soil texture, soil and air temperature, and relative humidity. The study found that the Rafflesia sp. in the Sibalom Natural Park grows at high relative humidity, relatively cool air and soil temperature, in soil with high amounts of clay and nearly neutral pH. The Rafflesia sp., aside from its host vine, exists with the plant locally known as ban-ban. No species of plant was found to dominate the areas where Rafflesia sp. exists.
A preliminary study on the extraction of alginic acid from three species of brown algae: Sargassum polycystum, Sargassum cristaefolium and Turbinaria sp. in Taklong Is.,Guimaras
Adelantar, Geoffrey V. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1996-04)
Three species of brown algae were harvested in Taklong Is., Guimaras. These were Sargassum polycystum, Sargassum cristaefolium, and Turbinaria sp. These brown algae were subjected to physical and chemical treatment to extract and compare the amount of their alginic acid in the form of sodium alginate. Four seaweed collections for extraction were made between August to December, 1995. Values obtained during the first three extractions gave almost similar results. S. polycystum exhibited the highest percentage yield of sodium alginate with a mean of 22.84%. It was followed by S. cristaefolium at 22.21%. Turbinaria sp. gave the lowest yield with a mean of 14.12%. The last extraction somehow showed a decrease in the percentage yield of all three samples. S. polycystum yielded just 20.00%, S. cristaefolium at 19.00% and Turbinaria sp. at just. 10.10%. Several factors may have contributed to the differences in the amount of alginic acid of the three species of brown algae. Among these are the inherent capability of the different species of brown algae to produce alginates, the thickness and sturdiness of the samples, the viscosity of the extracts, and seasonal changes.
A preliminary study on the effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) seed extract on the reproductive potential of the female Friutfly (Drosophila melanogaster)
Altea, Armee H. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-04)
Eqqs, first instar larvae, and third instar larvae of fruit flies (D. melanogaster), were treated with 0%, 10%, and 15% neem seed extract. This resulted in reduced number of adults that emerged from treated embryos and larvae. Females following treatment crossed with untreated males have reduced number of progeny compared with control (untreated) females. Treatment of extract at three stages of development indicated that fertilized eggs were most affected by the extract. Females derived from treated eggs were sterile. The number of progeny produced by females treated during first instar stage were considerably reduced compared to controls. On the other hand, the number of progeny produced by females treated during third instar stage was not significantly different from controls. The results suggest that neem seed extract has active components which can reduce the reproductive potential of female fruit flies exposed to the chemicals particularly at the early stages of development.
A short-run estimate of electricity consumption among selected barangays in the town proper of Oton
Apuang, Anna Mae L.; Lobrin, Raphael C. (Division of Social Sicences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2004-03)
The electricity demand estimation was conducted in the municipality of Oton, Iloilo Province; specifically between 2 town proper barangays and among 125 out of 1246 households it also describes the socio-economic profile of the respondents. The econometric model’s dependent variable was the households’ electricity consumption in kilowatt-hours, while the independent variables used in the study were marginal price of electricity, household size, monthly household expenditures, average price of LPG, and dummy variables for major appliances, namely: refrigerator, air conditioner, TV, and fan. The modified double-log form was chosen to correct for non-normality. The resulting R-square was .631. The price and income coefficient is inelastic, as expected of a necessity, although the sign of the former is unexpectedly positive. Thus, consumption increases along with improvements in the appliance stock. Appliances, like air conditioners and refrigerators, are expectedly among the most influential variables. Income is inelastic, showing that electricity is a normal good. The consumption of liquid petroleum gas has no significant impact on electricity consumption since LPG serves to fulfill the minimum requirement of heating fuel. The household size and fuel variable are significant, yet at a lesser degree. The non-significant variables are the TV and fan appliance variable.
A study of the performance of the marketing intermediaries at the Iloilo fishing port complex
Acanto, Jan B. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1989-03)
This research study presents an analysis on the performance of the marketing intermediaries at the Iloilo fishing Port Complex. The following types of intermediaries are involved in marketing fish landed at IFPC: brokers, wholesalers, bulanteros, and retailers. Brokers assemble and dispose the fish of producers while the wholesalers, bulanteros and retailers create the forms, time and place utilities. The results show that fish marketing intermediaries perform functions which are vital in the fish marketing system. Average costs per week were ₱13.67, ₱46.54 and ₱77.26 per tub for the brokers, wholesalers, and retailers, respectively. The average volume handled per week is 4,641.17 kilograms. Cost and returns analysis for all intermediaries showed that the average not return above total cost is ₱2.36 per kilogram. The average total income above total cost is ₱10,953.18 per week. The rate of return to capital, operator’s labor, and entrepreneurship is 14.49 percent. Efficiency of each type of intermediary _ could not be measured due to the fact that the sample size of each type is not sufficient to obtain significant results. In relation to this, a further study that could measure the efficiency of each intermediary is recommended by the researcher.