UPV Theses and Dissertations

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Chemical changes in a limed and flooded acid sulfate fishpond
Baylon, Carlos C. (University of the Philippines at Los Baños, 1981-10)
ABSTRACT Field and laboratory studies were conducted on an acid sulfate soil in Carles, Iloilo with the following objectives: a) to characterize the soils in the pond bottom and along the dikes of an acid sulfate fishpond; b) to follow-up some chemical changes occurring in the flooded acid sulfate ponds, and c) to evaluate the effect of liming on these chemical changes. The pH (1 :1 soil-water) of the air-dried soil samples collected from the pond bottom and along the dikes of the nursery ponds ranged from 2.2 to 4.6. This was significantly correlated with the lime requirement, extractable Al, active Fe and Mn, acetate-soluble sulfate and total sulfur content of the soil. In the field experiment, before lime treatment, the waters of the nursery ponds exhibited decreasing pH with time as well as increasing concentrations of dissolved Al and Fe. The level of Mn in the water was low due to the small amount of active Mn present in the soil. Acidity in the pond waters after a heavy rain was mainly due to the leaching of sulfuric acid from the dikes. Three lime treatments were used in the study: I-lton/ha of lime applied along the dikes and 3 tons/ha on the pond bottom, II - 3 tons/ha of lime on dikes and 1 ton/ha on the pond bottom, III - 4 tons/ha of lime on dikes and no lime on the pond bottom. Treatment II could be considered the most effective way of applying lime since the ponds in this treatment exhibited the highest mean water pH compared to the ponds of the other treatments. Fish mortalities were observed in one of the ponds (NP10 in Treatment III) which may be traceable to the low pH and high Al concentration in the pond water. The applied lime on the dike was not able to control the acidity because it washed down by the rains and covered with eroded soil. The SMP buffer method of determining lime requirement overestimated the lime required to control the acidity of the water in acid sulfate ponds.
The effects of different salinity and organic matter levels on the growth of blue-green algae
Bantillo, Rosario R. (University of the Philippines Visayas, 1983-03)
A one-month culture of lab-lab to determine the growth of blue-green algae in three levels of salinity ( 15 ppt = S1, 30 ppt = S2 and 45 ppt S3) and two levels of organic matter (3.4 to 4.4% = OM1 and 6.5 to 7.8% = OM2) was conducted using a twenty-two plastic containers (diameter = 43 cm; height = 49 cm) at the University of the Philippines in the Visayas Brackishwater Aquaculture Center, Leganes, Iloilo. The study utilized a 3 x 2 factorial experiment in completely randomized design with three replicates. Organic matter levels of the soil affected the chemical properties of soil and water (available phosphorus, reactive phosphorus, ammonia-nitrogen and pH). The higher the organic matter level, the higher the pH and the concentrations of ammonia and phosphorus. On the other hand, salinity did not apparently affect the fluctuations in ammonia, phosphorus and pH due to water replenishment to maintain treatment levels of salinity. Earlier rapid growth of blue-green algae commencing on the 3rd to the 15th day was observed at higher organic matter level. While at lower organic matter level, this occurred only on the 18th to the 28th day. Blue-green algae population (units/ml) was observed highest in treatment IV (S1 OM2; 1,262,113) followed by treatments III (S3OM1 761,338); II (S2OM1; 514,788); I (S1 OM1 494,375); V (S2OM2; 413,750); and, the lowest was obtained from treatment VI (S3OM2; 394,275). The relative percentage proportion of blue-green algae in the lab-lab complex showed that it composed 17.7% in treatment IV, 16.86 % in treatment III, 16.64% in treatment II, 15.82% in treatment I, 15.2% in treatment V and 14.9% in treatment VI. These, however, did not significantlyvary among treatments. A low correlation coefficient (r) between the population count and the selected parameters: reactive phosphorus, water pH, soil pH and available phosphorus was obtained while a negative correlation was obtained between the population and ammonia-nitrogen. Significantly higher biomass (ash-free dry weight) of lab-lab was obtained in higher organic matter (OM2) and at 45 ppt salinity (S3). The highest biomass (ash-free dry weight) was obtained in treatment VI (S3OM2; 0.160 g/cm2) while the lowest was obtained in treatment I (S1OM1 0.012 g/cm2). The algal count of lab-lab also showed a significant difference in the organic matter levels but no significant difference on the salinity levels. The highest algal count was obtained in treatment V (S2OM2; 6,773,542 units/ml) and the lowest count was obtained in treatment II (S2 OM1; 2,328,792 units/ml). However, the primary productivity based on O2 production showed a significantly higher production in the lower organic matter and at higher salinity level (30 ppt.). The highest O2 concentration was obtained in treatment III (S3OM1 5.759 ppm) and the lowest was obtained in treatment V (S2 OM2; 4.19 ppm).
A comparative study of the effects of supplementary feeding and artificial substrate on the production of milkfish fingerlings in brackishwater ponds
Adeyemi, Frederick F. (University of the Philippines Visayas, 1983-03)
ABSTRACT The growth and survival of milkfish fry in response to supplementary feeding and artificial substrate were evaluated at stocking densities of 75 and 100 fry/m2 for a period of 56 days from August 21 to October 15, 1982. The study was conducted in eighteen 40m2 experimental nursery ponds of the University of the Philippines Brackishwater Aquaculture Centre, Leganes, Iloilo. A 3 x 2 factorial experiment in completely randomized design was used and six treatment combinations between level of inputs (no inputs, supplementary feeding or artificial substrate) and stocking density (75 or 100 fry/m2) were investigated with three replicates per treatment. The best fish growth was obtained in Treatment VI (100 fry/m2 with substrate) with mean final weight and length of 1.59 gm. and 5.36 cm. respectively while Treatment IV (100 fry/m2 without feeding or substrate) gave the poorest fish growth with mean final weight and length of 0.83 gm. and 4.60 cm. respectively. Differences in mean weight and length among treatments were however, not statistically significant. Mean percentage survival was significantly higher at a stocking density of 75 fry/m2 (82.8%) than at 100 fry/m2 (64.1%) but supplementary feeding or artificial substrate ix did not show any statistically significant effect on survival. At either 75 or 100 fry/m2 stocking density, supplementary feeding gave a numerically higher percentage survival than artificial substrate. Economic analysis revealed that a stocking density of 75 fry/m2 without supplementary feeding or artificial substrate was the most profitable treatment with a return on investment of 39.2%. At a stocking density of 100 fry/ m2, supplementary feeding with rice bran was more profitable than the use of artificial substrate with returns on investment of 22.6% and 9.1% respectively
The effects of different salinity and organic matter levels on the growth of blue-green algae
Bantillo, Rosario R. (College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1983-03)
A one-month culture of lab-lab to determine the growth of blue-green algae in three levels of salinity ( 15 ppt = S1, 30 ppt = S2 and 45 ppt S3) and two levels of organic matter (3.4 to 4.4% = OM1 and 6.5 to 7.8% = OM2) was conducted using a twenty-two plastic containers (diameter = 43 cm; height - 49 cm) at the University of the Philippines in the Visayas Brackishwater Aquaculture Center, Leganes, Iloilo. The study utilized a 3 x 2 factorial experiment in completely randomized design with three replicates. Organic matter levels of the soil affected the chemical properties of soil and water (available phosphorus, reactive phosphorus, ammonia-nitrogen and pH). The higher the organic matter level, the higher the pH and the concentrations of ammonia and phosphorus. On the other hand, salinity did not apparently affect the fluctuations in ammonia, phosphorus and pH due to water replenishment to maintain treatment levels of salinity. Earlier rapid growth of blue-green algae commencing on the 3rd to the 15th day was observed at higher organic matter level. While at lower organic matter level, this occurred only on the 18th to the 28th day. Blue-green algae population (units/ml) was observed highest in treatment IV (S1 OM2; 1,262,113) followed by treatments III (S3OM1 ;761,338); II (S2OM1; 514,788); I (S1OM1 ;494,375); V (S2OM2; 413,750); and, the lowest was obtained from treatment VI (S3OM2; 394,275). The relative percentage proportion of blue-green algae in the lab-lab complex showed that it composed 17.7% in treatment IV, 16.86 % in treatment III, 16.64% in treatment II, 15.82% in treatment I, 15.2% in treatment V and 14.9% in treatment VI. These, however, did not significantly vary among treatments. A low correlation coefficient (r) between the population count and the selected parameters: reactive phosphorus, water pH, soil pH and available phosphorus was obtained while a negative correlation was obtained between the population and ammonia-nitrogen. Significantly higher biomass (ash-free dry weight) of lab-lab was obtained in higher organic matter (OM2) and at 45 ppt salinity (S3). The highest biomass (ash-free dry weight) was obtained in treatment VI (S3OM2; 0.160 g/cm2) while the lowest was obtained in treatment I (S1OM1 0.012 g/cm2). The algal count of lab-lab also showed a significant difference in the organic matter levels but no significant difference on the salinity levels. The highest algal count was obtained in treatment V (S2OM2; 6,773,542 units/ml) and the lowest count was obtained in treatment II (S2OM1; 2,328,792 units/ml). However, the primary productivity based on O2 production showed a significantly higher production in the lower organic matter and at higher salinity level (30 ppt.). The highest O2 concentration was obtained in treatment III (S3OM1 ;5.759 ppm) and the lowest was obtained in treatment V (S2OM2; 4.19 ppm).
Effect of cow and chicken manures on milkfish Chanos chanos (Forsskal) production in brackishwater ponds
Aduma, Ignatius A. (College of Fisheries, University of the Philippines in the Visayas, 1984-05)
A study using chicken and cow manures with basal application rates of 0.5 , 1,2 and 4 tons/ha was conducted. The effect of both manures on some selected physico-chemical properties of the pond soil and water, primary productivity, and milkfish Chanos chanos (Forsskal) yield were compared. Using 8 treatments with 3 replicates each in a completely randomized design, 24 units of 40 m2 ponds were stocked with 20 fingerlings/pond. The fish were cultured from September 22 to December 20, 1983 at the Brackishwater Aquaculture Center of the University of the Philippines in the Visayas College of Fisheries, Leganes, Iloilo, Philippines. The differences among treatments in terms of all physico-chemical parameters monitored were not significant except for the reactive phosphorus. Primary productivity in all treatments was at its peak during the 5th week, after which, it declined gradually apparently due to the combined effects of cloudy weather and low concentration of reactive phosphorus in the pond water. The highest mean net fish yield (680.9 kg/ha) and mean growth rate (1,54 g/day) were obtained in treatment 3 with 1 ton/ha of chicken manure. Treatment 2 (0*5 ton/ha of cow manure) had the lowest mean net fish yield (343.6 kg/ha) and likewise the lowest growth rate (0.80 g/day). The survival in all treatments was high, ranging from 95 to 100%. In general, chicken manure was superior to cow manure, however, fish production from the treatment with 2 tons/ha of cow manure was comparable to that of 2 tons/ha of chicken manure suggesting that cow manure could be used as organic fertilizer in brackish- water ponds for milkfish production.
Quality changes in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after delayed icing and subsequent storage in ice.
Saluan-Abduhasan, Fathma (University of the Philippines Visayas, 1985-04)
ABSTRACT Quality changes in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) iced directly on harvesting were compared to those occurring when icing was delayed. Chemical and sensory examinations showed that the shelf life of tilapia was 26 days when iced immediately. 20 days and 15 days with 4 and 8 hours delay, respectively. Fish kept at ambient temperature for 12 hours were rejected after one day in ice. These results suggests that for every hour delay in icing the effective shelf life is reduced by approximately one day up to the 8th hour delay. Total volatile nitrogen values increased with storage time. Likewise, V K-value and hypoxanthine values increased as storage time increased. The initial bacterial load ranged from 103- 104 cfu/g of fish with H2S-producers count of less than 100 cfu/g of fish. At rejection, the microbial load was 108-109 cfu/g of fish with H2Sproducers count of 106-107 cfu/g. The typical off odours of naturally spoiling fish have been reproduced in blocks of sterile muscle by organisms such as Alteromonas putrefaciens, Pseudomonas sp, Pseudomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas flourescens and pseudomonas stutzeri.
Quality changes in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after delayed icing and subsequent storage in ice
Saluan-Abduhasan, Fathma (College of Fisheries, University of the Philippines in the Visayas, 1985-04)
ABSTRACT Quality changes in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) iced directly on harvesting were compared to those occurring when icing was delayed. Chemical and sensory examinations showed that the shelf life of tilapia was 26 days when iced immediately. 20 days and 16 days with 4 and 8 hours delay, respectively. Fish kept at ambient temperature for 12 hours were rejected after one day in ice. These results suggest that for every hour delay in icing the effective shelf life is reduced by approximately one day up to the 8th hour delay. Total volatile nitrogen values increased with storage time. Likewise, K-value and hypoxanthine values increased as storage time increased. The initial bacterial load ranged from 103- 104 cfu/g of fish with H2S-producers count of less than 100 cfu/g of fish. At rejection, the microbial load was 108~109 cfu/g of fish with HgS- producers count of 106-107 cfu/g. The typical off odours of naturally spoiling fish have been reproduced in blocks of sterile muscle by organisms such as Alteromonas putrefaciens, Pseudomonas sp, pseudomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas flourescens and pseudomonas stutzeri.
Effect of utilizing a combination of cow and chicken manures as organic fertilizer in fish pond
Babalola, Julius (College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1986-03)
ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted utilizing twenty 40m2 ponds to investigate the effect of a combination of cow and chicken manures at the following ratios: 1000 kg/ha chicken manure: 3000 kg/ha cow manure; 1000 kg/ha chicken manure: 1000 kg/ha cow manure; 2000 kg/ha chicken manure only; 4000 kg/ha cow manure only; and no manure (control), on some selected physico-chemical properties of the pond, soil and water, primary productivity and production of red tilapia (0. mossambicus x 0. niloticus hybrid) following an (RCBD) - randomized complete block design. Each pond was stocked with 40 fingerlings of red tilapia and cultured for a 90-day period, at the Brackishwater Aquaculture Center of the University of the Philippines in the Visayas, College of Fisheries, Leganes, Iloilo, Philippines. Soil was analyzed for organic matter, phosphorus, nitrogen, pH, using Walkley and Black method, Olsen’s method, Kjehdahl method and pH meter respectively, following standard procedures described in method of soil analysis part II, (Black, 1965). Water oxygen was determined with YSI model 51-B, oxygen meter, salinity with Goldberg’s T/C refractometer pH with pH meter, phosphorus and NH3 - Nitrogen by methods described by Strickland and Parson, 1972. Reactive phosphorus of pond water improved due to the treatments, and supported fish food production leading to the high net fish yield obtained. Primary productivity, an index of living organisms in the pond, was high and suggests that the different treatments supported adequate fish food production. The highest net fish yield (651.03 kg/ha) was recorded in treatment IV (4 tons/ha cow manure only), while the lowest net yield (299.31 kg/ha) was recorded in treatment V (control). Treatments I (1 ton chicken manure and 3 tons cow manure/ ha) and II (1 ton chicken manure and 1 ton cow manure/ha) produced similar net fish yield, 431.97 kg/ha and 431.95 kg/ha, respectively. Treatment III, 2 tons/ha chicken manure only) gave a better net fish yield of 474.82 kg/ha, than treatments I and II. Cow manure can compare with chicken manure as organic fertilizer, in brackish water fish ponds for tilapia. A combination of 1 ton chicken manure and 1 ton cow manure per hectare could be as productive as 2 tons/ha chicken manure only, in tilapia production.
The morphology of the central nervous system of Tilapia Nilotica
Buerano, Corazon C. (University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1986-04)
This paper gives an extensive description of the normal morphology of the central nervous system, specifically the brain of Tilapia nilotica stained with. Delafield’s Hematoxylin or Eosin-Hematoxylin. The description covers the 5 major brain areas namely: the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, cerebellum and medulla oblongata. Nuclear centers, ventricles, cranial nerves, nerve commissures and sulci found in these areas are identified.
A study on the performance of the regulatory functions of the Kapisanan ng mga Broadcaster sa Pilipinas Iloilo Chapter
Advincula, Rebecca (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1987-03)
Generally, regulations are viewed as important factors in the functions of an industry or organization. Like any other industry, broadcasting needs to he regulated. The Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster sa Pilipinas is a self-regulatory body which implements regulations affecting the programming operations of the Broadcast stations. However, not all regulations are said to be followed by the stations. It is in this regard that this study was conducted. Three factors were considered in finding out whether KBP regulations are important to the operations of the stations: the importance and necessity of these regulations; the capability of the KBP in implementing these regulations; and the extent of public participation between KBP and its member stations. The necessity level was determined by a study of each regulatory function, the activities covered by these regulations, and the relative need of the stations to these regulations. The capability level was determined by a study on the frequent observance of the stations to the regulations, the objectives of the respondent stations, and the major output, organizational structure, and budget of the KBP as a regulatory body. Public participation was determined by a study of the frequency used modes of interaction involved in the implementation of the regulations, the problems met in the process, and the respondent stations' rating/assessment of the KBP. The study made use of the one-shot survey design with interview schedule and use of questionnaires as main instruments. The respondents for the KBP are the station managers, while respondents for the regulated are the production staff of the local stations. A total of twelve stations were taken as respondents for the study. Results showed too many regulations are imposed by the KBP and are not strictly followed by the stations. Regulations that are mostly followed are those which pertain to the presentation of news while those often violated pertain to public commentaries and issues, the presentation of materials regarding sex and violence and the airing of commercials. Results showed that these regulations are necessary to maintain a certain level of excellence and professionalism in the broadcast industry, Likewise, the KBP is capable of implementing regulations to the station , as shown by the constant interaction between the regulator and the regulated.
The occurrence, distribution and abundance of larval stages of tunas in Ragay Gulf, Burias Pass, Ticao Pass and waters north of Samar Sea
Abuso, Zenaida V. (University of the Philippines Visayas, 1988-03)
ABSTRACT A total of 146 tuna larvae representing a 0.004% share in the total fish larvae catch was collected from Ragay Gulf, Burias Pass, Ticao Pass and waters north of Samar Sea during the sampling period from November 1981 to December 1982. Seven species of tunas were identified and described to species level. Euthynnus affinis. and Thunnus obesus. comprised a highest relative abundance of 24.05% in the larval tuna collection. Auxis thazard.and A. rochei were secondly abundant with 16.0% and 14.0% share, respectively. Thunnus albacares, Thunnus alalunga and Katsuwonus pelamis were relatively rare with only 5, 4 and 2,0% share, respectively. The highest abundance of the larvae were observed mainly irr Ragay Gulf in May where warmer temperatures ranging from 26.56°C to 28.9T°C and salinity values from 33.97°/oo to 34.42°/oo prevailed.
Guerilla movement in Oton during the Japanese occupation of Panay: History and significance
Antiquiera, Remigio G. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1989-03)
This is a research paper on the guerrilla movement in Oton during the Japanese occupation of Panay from April 15, 1942, up to the final disbandment of the different guerrilla units on July 31, 1945. The objectives of the study are: to find out the origin, goals, and objectives of the guerrilla movement in Oton; to identify the persons involve in the founding of the guerrilla movement in the area during the Japanese occupation of Panay; and to find out the significance of the guerrilla movement in Oton in relation to Panay's struggle to be liberated from the Japanese forces. The purpose of this study is to present, in a descriptive manner, the guerrilla movement in Oton during the Japanese occupation of Panay. The sources used are published and unpublished materials of soldiers and guerrillas, regarding their activities and experiences during the occupations. Also, the researcher was able to interview persons were actively participating in the guerrilla movement at that time, and other persons who had witnessed the Japanese occupation. The study was able to bring into light the nature of the guerrilla movement in Oton during the Japanese occupation of Panay and its significance in the defeat of the Japanese. The guerrillas of Oton, together with other unite attached to the 63rd RCT, were able to fill the gap in the overall plan of resistance in the southern towns of Iloilo. It was their active resistance that help facilitate the drive of the Americans to liberate the southern part of Iloilo. This, subsequently, weakened the southern defenses of the Japanese and enabled the combined force of Filipinos and Americans to liberate the rest of Panay.
A study of the performance of the marketing intermediaries at the Iloilo fishing port complex
Acanto, Jan B. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1989-03)
This research study presents an analysis on the performance of the marketing intermediaries at the Iloilo fishing Port Complex. The following types of intermediaries are involved in marketing fish landed at IFPC: brokers, wholesalers, bulanteros, and retailers. Brokers assemble and dispose the fish of producers while the wholesalers, bulanteros and retailers create the forms, time and place utilities. The results show that fish marketing intermediaries perform functions which are vital in the fish marketing system. Average costs per week were ₱13.67, ₱46.54 and ₱77.26 per tub for the brokers, wholesalers, and retailers, respectively. The average volume handled per week is 4,641.17 kilograms. Cost and returns analysis for all intermediaries showed that the average not return above total cost is ₱2.36 per kilogram. The average total income above total cost is ₱10,953.18 per week. The rate of return to capital, operator’s labor, and entrepreneurship is 14.49 percent. Efficiency of each type of intermediary _ could not be measured due to the fact that the sample size of each type is not sufficient to obtain significant results. In relation to this, a further study that could measure the efficiency of each intermediary is recommended by the researcher.
The effect of common table salt added in different levels of water salinity as culture medium on growth and survival of prawn larvae Peneus monodon Fabricius
Abeto, Mario N. (College of Fisheries, University of the Philippines in the Visayas, 1989-09)
A study was conducted on the effect of common table salt added in waters of different salinity levels used to determine the survival rate, developmental stage, and carapace length of Penaeus monodon larvae from zoea one to post larva one. The following treatments which were adjusted to 33 ppt by adding varying amount of common table salt were: treatment I (8 ppt + 29 g/l) , treatment II (13 ppt + 23 g/l) , treatment III (18 ppt + 17 g/1), treatment IV (23 ppt + 11 g/1), and treatment V (28 ppt + 5/g) . Natural seawater with salinity of 33 ppt was used as control. Certain key ions like Na+, CL-, Ca2+, and Mg2+ were analyzed in each treatment. A sharp drop of. population in all treatments was recorded in the first 5 days of the zoeal stage. Treatment V gave the highest survival rate (25%) , but not significantly higher than treatment IV (20.5%) and control (18%); however, significantly higher than treatment III (10.5%) and treatment II (6.5%) at P<0.05. None of the larvae survived in treatment I after 5 days. Larvae exposed to treatment V had completed post larva one in 11 days (growth index 7). This was not significantly different, however, from those obtained from the control (growth index 6.6) and treatment IV (growth index 6.3). The lowest growth index value which was significantly lower than treatment V was obtained from treatment II and treatment III (growth index 6.0). During the first sampling, carapace length in treatment I reached 0.47 mm, succeeded by the following treatments: III (0.43 mm) , II (0.42 mm) , and V (0.40 mm). Treatment IV and control gave similar results (0.30 mm). After 2 days, rate of increase of CL had shifted from lower to high ionic concentrations culture media. At the end of the study the following carapace lengths were obtained: 1.2 mm for treatment V, 1.15 mm for control, and 1.08 mm for treatment IV. Values obtained from treatment II (0.94 mm) and treatment III (0.98 mm) were significantly lower than treatment V (1.15 mm) . Rearing waters with higher concentrations of K+ and Mg2+ (control, treatments I, and II)showed better growth rate and percent survival than those media with relatively lower concentrations (treatments I, II, and III) . The addition of common table salt to low saline waters, however, did not compensate for the loss of physiologically important ions needed for growth and survival of prawn larvae.
Effects of tagging on Bohadschia marmorata marmorata in cages
Alvañez, Arthur A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1989-10)
A three month study was conducted on the sea cucumber Bohadschia marmorata marmorata confined in (1.33 m x 1.33 m x 0.33 m) cages modified after radian’s (1987, Unpubl.) experiment using (1 m x 1 m x 1 m) cages One hundred percent tag loss and 83.53% survival rate was observed on the tagged individuals. One hundred percent survival rate attained in the control cages showed that reduced density of one individual per 0.295m2 area of caged substratum is more favorable compared to Padlan's (1987, Unpubl.) one individual per 0.06 m2 area of caged substratum. This study was conducted at Sirban Iki point, Taklong Island, Guimaras, Sub-province of Iloilo from December 1988 to January 1989.
Marketing of milkfish in Iloilo City
De la Gente, Alice Joan S. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1991)
This study describes the marketing practices, costs, net farm price received by the producers, gross margin received by the middlemen and the problems encountered in milkfish marketing in IIoi1o City. Primary data was gathered from 24 producers who were interviewed about their 1ast harvest and 56 midd1emen who were interviewed about their last week's transaction. Of the total volume sold by the producers (30360kg , 86.83% went to the commission men. The highest price, P55/kg, was received by the producers from the institutional buyer, while the lowest price, p38.48/kg, was received from the commission men. The marketing costs received were P5.40/kg and P5.61/kg by the producers who sold locally and in Manila, respectively. The commission men's fee accounted for the largest share of marketing costs of both the producers who sold locally (P2.36/kg) and in Manila (P2.50/kg). The net farm prices received were P35.30/kg and P33.72/kg by producers who sold milkfish locally and in Manila, respectively. The producers whose milkfish were sold in Manila received a lower average price with higher marketing costs. By market function, seven types of middlemen were identified: commission man, buyer-seller, wholesaler, wholesaler-shipper, buyer-seller-retailer, wholesaler-retailer, and retailer. The middlemen sold a total volume of 57070.5kg inside (64.037%) and outside (35.977%) the survey area. The commission men sold the highest volume (34.71%) of milkfish. The wholesaler-retailers received the highest average selling price of P47.75/kg. The wholesaler-shippers had the highest gross margin ( P8.22/k kg) while the wholesaler—retailers who sold outside the survey area had the highest net return ( P3.97/ kg ) The low price of milkfish was the main problem of both producers and middlemen. The milkfish marketing involved many channels, primarily brought about by the presence of too many types of middlemen who practiced intertrading among each other. Thus, there was a duplication of the performance of marketing practices among types of middlemen, which increased the marketing costs and correspondingly raised the prices of milkfish.
An estimation of the supply of cattle in the livestock auction market in Leon, Iloilo
Andrada, Clyde (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1991-05)
This study was an economic analysis of the supply of cattle by the direct cattle producers in Leon Livestock Auction Market in Leon, Iloilo in 1989. The study includes the estimation of the supply function, the identification of the significant factors affecting the supply and the analysis of the price elasticity. The supply function of cattle were hypothesized to be affected by four (4) factors, namely: price of cattle (X1) value of inputs used in cattle production (Xz), price of related commodities (X3) and the availability of credit (X4). Simple Random Sampling was used in choosing the thirty (30) respondents who, were direct cattle producers who sold their cattle in Leon Livestock Auction Market in 1989. These cattle producers were interviewed with the use of an interview schedule. The data gathered includes total weight and number of cattle supplied in the market by the producers and the prices of resource inputs used in the cattle production. Other data such as the price of cattle per kilogram liveweight were taken from the records of the Bureau of Agricultural Statistics. Regression Analysis was applied to determine the coefficients of the supply function. Specifically, stepwise regression analysis was used. Results of the study showed that the estimated supply function of cattle was Qs = — 1843.4461 + 96.6056 X1, where x; is the average price of cattle per kilogram liveweight. Thus, the only significant factor affecting the supply of cattle was the variable X1. The price elasticity supply is 4.6984. The supply of cattle is therefore price elastic because the percentage change in cattle supplied is greater than the percentage change in price.
Sea tidal occurrence as basis for estimating the time of child deliveries
Abello, Jose Hernany L., Jr. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1992-03)
The study was made to investigate the reliability of using the predicted time of occurrence of high tide or low tide as a basis of estimating the time of delivery of a child. This was conceived because of the belief and practice of "hilots" which has never been proven scientifically. The data on deliveries were obtained from the Angel Salazar Memorial General Hospital (San Jose, Antique) and the Western Visayas Medical Center (Mandurriao, Iloilo City). Random sampling was used with ten deliveries chosen for each month in the respective hospitals from the total number of spontaneous deliveries for the year 1990. The time of delivery was paired with the nearest occurrence of high or low tide based on the Predicted Tide and Current Tables for 1990 published by the National Mapping and Resource Information Authority, Coast and Geodetic Surveys Department. The raw data were subjected to regression analysis using Microstat software. The linear correlation coefficients (r) obtained were 0.960 (ASMGH) and 0.949² (WVMC) while the coefficients of determination (r² ) were 0.921 (ASMGH) and 0.901 (WVMC). A strong positive correlation between the two variables was seen in both hospitals studied. The time durations before or after the occurrence of high or low tide within which a child could be expected to be delivered on the average were 1.68 hours (ASMGH) and 1.85 hours (WVMC). The study has demonstrated that the could be delivery estimated time of occurrence of high or low tide considered as basis for estimating the time of a baby.
Tempe production from pigeon PEA (Cajanus cajan)
Abadesco, Lilibeth A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1992-04)
ABSTRACT Tempe, a mold-fermented product, was made using the traditional method of making soybean tempe, utilizing pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) as substrate for the Rhizopus mold. Pigeon pea seeds were inoculated with Rhizopus oligosporus and was incubated at 30°C. Fungal growth was completed after 48 hours, producing a compact cake knitted by white mold mycelium with a dough-like aroma. Tempe Bacam and Tempe Goren, both prepared from soybean tempe and pigeon pea tempe were subjected to sensory evaluation by eleven panelists to compare pigeon pea tempe with soybean tempe. They were compared based on their appearance, flavor, and general acceptability. Based on the sensory evaluation, differences exist between soybean tempe and pigeon pea tempe. However, analysis of variance and F-test showed that the difference was not significant at 5 per cent level except in color of Tempe Bacam samples. Organoleptic characteristics favored soybean tempe over pigeon pea tempe.
Effect of varying levels of cotton (Gossypium sp.) seed meal on the spermatogenesis of mice (Mus musculus)
Abonador, Luena A. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1992-04)
Cottonseeds procured from Western Colton Corporation, Oton, Iloilo were dehulled, cleaned by hand, and ground using a mortar and pestle. Ground cottonseed meal (CSM) was incorporated in varying amounts into the basal diet so that diets contained varying levels (0,10,20,30 g) of CSM per 100 g formulated diet. These were then pelletized at the Nutrition and Feed Division, Aquaculture Department (AQD), Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC), Tigbauan, Iloilo. A total of thirty-two 20-day-old male mice (16 white and 16 black) were randomly distributed to four dietary treatments, each with four replicates. After a 5-day acclimatization period, during which the mice were fed with the basal diet (0% CSM), the four experimental diets were given to the randomly selected experimental animals for another 35 days. The mice were subsequently sacrificed, and histological examination of the testes was conducted. Differential count of sperms was done to evaluate the effects of varying levels of CSM on the spermatogenesis of mice. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. There was no significant difference in the sperm counts of the two strains of mice. However, significant differences (P<0.01) were noted in sperm counts of mice at various levels of CSM in the diet. Likewise, significant differences (P<0.01) were observed between 0% and 20 or 30%; 10% and 20 or 30%; 20% and 30% CSM in the diet. No significant difference was noted between sperm counts of mice fed with 0% and 10% CSM levels. Slight degeneration of the seminiferous tubules and predominance of immature stages (spermatogonia) were observed in the testes of mice fed with diet containing 30% CSM.