UPV Theses and Dissertations

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Analysis of credit card demand of UPV Faculty members
Bene, Ivanhoe C. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1998-03)
This research is an economic analysis of the demand for credit cards of UPV faculty members. Specifically, the research was undertaken to: describe the social and economic characteristics of existing and potential credit cardholders; estimate the credit card demand of UPV faculty and determine the significant factors affecting the demand. Logistic regression was utilized since the research is composed of a binary dependent variable which is the willingness to acquire a credit card. Results of the study revealed that 40 percent of the sampled UPV faculty members were instructors who belong to age bracket 21-28 years old. In general, the average age of a UPV faculty was 38 years old with average annual personal gross income of PhP230,000. On the other hand, 18 percent of the respondents were willing to acquire a credit card while 19 percent were credit cardholders. Deferred payment was the most common feature being used by existing cardholders while traveling was the most frequent activity in which credit card was commonly used. On the average, an existing cardholder used his/her card twice a month with an average of PhP3,530 amount of credit availed during the month and paid an average monthly finance charge of 3.25 percent. SAS output showed that; merchant acceptability, convenience and income were the significant factors affecting the demand.
Economic profitability of shrimp (Acets spp.) processing in Barangay Atabayan, Tigbauan, Iloilo
Belleza, Rey M.; Saloria, Jet R. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2002-04)
In general, this study aims to determine the economic profitability of shrimp processing in Barangay Atabayan. Specifically, the study describes the sociodemographic profile of the processors and the costs incurred in processing. It also identifies the problems encountered by the processors, and describes the production and pre-sale practices of the business. This study uses the census method in data gathering. All the eleven processors served as respondents. An interview translated into Kinaray-a was used to gather information from processors. The respondents were classified according to the method of processing they used: (1) fermentation, that produces guinamos and (2) drying, that produces kalkag. Seven of the processors were male and 4 were female; their average age was 54.45 years. They have been into shrimp processing at an average of 25.91 years. They do not rely on shrimp processing alone. Some of them engaged in farming, fishmeal selling, fishing and part-time driving. The processors had positive operating profit per-kg-of-produce per production day. In general, the processors had a positive financial profit per-kg-of-produce but the processor engaged in drying only incurred a negative financial profit. Fermentation had a positive pure economic profit per-kg-of-produce while drying had a negative pure economic profit. For drying to be profitable, costs of variable inputs must be considered. Results showed that it is more profitable to venture in both drying and fermentation because of a higher pure economic profit compared with venturing in fermentation or drying only. Weather, uncertainty of payments of some wholesalers, entry of illegal fisher folk from neighboring towns and the outlawing of sungkit, a gear used in catching the shrimps, were the problems faced by the shrimp processors.
An examination of the role of the local government and non government organizations in the management of the Northwest Panay Peninsula low-elevated forest
Bayquin, Sheila M.; Solidum, Fervilynn L. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2002-03)
The study tries to examine the role of the Local Government Units (LGUs) and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) in the implementation of Philippine forest policy in Northwest Panay Peninsula Low-elevated Forest. The municipal government of Pandan, Antique collaborates with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources to introduce community-based forest management. The NGOs on the other hand help in the sourcing of funds for forest conservation projects and of linking local communities with the market. The present study suggests that local government units, NGOs, and other external agents should have more clearly defined rules in forest resource management.
An analysis of fiscal decentralization: The case of Cadiz City, Negros Occidental
Baynosa, Rogelita P.; Toque, Narciso R. (Division ofSocial Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2002-03)
Decentralization has been an issue in the late twentieth century. Developing countries have shifted toward more decentralized forms of government that promises to change their political life in profound ways. The Philippines has decentralized its government through the enactment of the Local Government Code of 1991. This has brought changes to the Philippine governance. The code legislated the creation of local government units such as regions, provinces, cities, and municipalities with which the central government devolved its major power and authority. In this study, an attempt is made to discuss the issues and problems of fiscal decentralization in developing countries, specifically the Philippine experience. A review of the Cadiz City experience substantiates the discussion on decentralization. Taking the case of Cadiz City as a microcosm of the Philippine experience with decentralization as a whole and that of the developing world’s in much broader scale, this study presents an analysis of the realities of fiscal decentralization, which is the core of the devolution program in the Philippines. The data gathered show that although Cadiz City government had been granted the autonomy to manage its own affairs, it remains dependent on grants and allotments from the central government instead of maximizing the fiscal powers being devolved to it, specifically, its revenue-raising power. Moreover, the data on the local government’s allocation of its financial resources during the years 1997-2000 show that it has been efficient in terms of providing basic public goods and services to its constituents but not in terms of empowering the community people to participate in advocacy, decision-making, and other activities of local governance. The data also show that politics played a great role in the implementation of various development programs, projects, and activities.
Marketing of milkfish fry in Pandan, Antique
Bayaras, Dinah A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1995-03)
This study describes and analyses the marketing, channels, functions/practices, costs, margins, and shares received by each marketing channel, net price of milk-fish fry received by fry catchers, and the problems encountered in the marketing of milkfish fry in Pandan, Antique. Using a separate interview schedule for each kind of respondent, 40 fry catchers are asked about their latest catch on a per-day basis, and the ten middlemen were interviewed about their last transaction/s. Results showed that from the fry catchers, the 4,218 milkfish fry are sold to three types of middlemen: the commissionman, wholesaler and facilitative organization. Fifty-nine percent of the milkfish fry go to the facilitative organisation, twenty-three percent to the commissionman, and eighteen percent to the wholesaler. From the three types of middlemen, only 86 7, of what they’ve purchased were sold of the 3,610 milkfish fry sold, 55% of it go to the wholesaler/retailer. Others go outside of the municipality. All of the wholesaler/retailer purchases go outside of the municipality. The pre-sale practices performed by the fry catchers include gathering, counting, sorting, storing, and transporting, while the middlemen perform counting, sorting, storing, packaging, and transporting. In performing the five pre-sale practices by the fry catchers, the cost of P16.95 is incurred. These are all noncash costs. The cost of P4.0012 for the depreciation cost of marketing investment items and the mortality cost of P12.95 - This includes the allowance for mortality given to the buyer as well as the actual deaths of milkfish fry - are the composition of the marketing costs. The net. The price of milkfish fry is P0.24/piece. But 23% of the opportunity cost of labor was forgone. The pre-sale practices performed by each type of middleman involved in the marketing of milkfish fry accumulated a distinct cost for each type. For the commissionman, he has a total of P87,3367 marketing cost. The wholesaler incurred — 117.996, the facilitative organization has P570.4867, and the wholesaler/retailer has Pl,365.7987. The middleman who has the highest net return in terms of percentage of average revenue is the commissionman (70.62%), followed by the wholesaler (69.76%), then the facilitative organization (57.89%), and the smallest is received by the wholesaler/retailer (37.54). followed by the facilitative middleman (P0.21), and then the In terms of gross margin received by each type of middleman, the highest shareholder is the wholesaler /retailer (P0.28), then the wholesaler (PC, 23), and the commissionman (P0.06). The problems of poor transportation facilities, insufficient capital, communications in pricing, excessive mortality rates, and the absence of a buyer are the bottlenecks in the marketing system. These problems produce a bad outcome for the middlemen by increasing their losses.
Socio-economic analysis of municipal fishing in selected barangays of Banate, Iloilo
Bayani, Marie Joy G. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1999-03)
The main objectives of the study were to determine the social and economic characteristics of municipal fishermen, costs structure, profitability level, and problems encountered by municipal fishermen in Banate Iloilo. The study made used of cost and return analysis to determine the economic condition of the respondents. This study covered the municipal fishermen of selected barangays of Banate, Iloilo. The study was dependent on the data given by the respondents and not all data maybe reliable. The assumption that changes in effort and adjustment in fishing stocks were taken into consideration. The findings of the study showed that 93.75 % of the fisherman respondents were dependent on fishing for their livelihood. All the fishermen except the hook and line operators could not be considered as absolute poor as their income compared to the poverty threshold. The cost and return analysis of the study showed that fish corral operators incurred the lowest opportunity cost, which amounted to PHP 31.47, while crab pots registered the highest opportunity cost of PHP 48.39. Set gillnet incurred the highest variable cost of PHP 80.62 per trip. Crab pot incurred the highest fixed cost, which amounted to PHP 56 0 per trip. In profit, crab pot incurred the highest gross profit with PHP 380.58, and hook and line registered the lowest gross profit of PHP 1.30 per trip. As expected, the crab pot incurred the highest net profit of PHP 276. 19 per trip. Moreover, in all profitability indices, crab pot, push net, and set the gillnet posted positive receipts. Fish corral and hook and line incurred negative profitability indices. The variations in the results can be attributed to the difference in gears used by the respondents, average trip per week, average hour per trip, percentage of motorized and non-motorized boats, and the average volume of catch per trip. The most common problem faced by the respondents was the presence of illegal fishing in their area. In line with the goals to increase the productivity and welfare of the small-scale fishermen in Banate, the government should give support and assistance in order to upgrade the living conditions of the municipal fishermen.
Public utility jeepney drivers in Bacolod City, Negros Occidental: Socio-economic conditions and income differentials analysis
Banagodos Lorena Joy P. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1997-04)
Benchmark information was sought regarding the socioeconomic conditions of jeepney drivers and their households from a sample of 111 respondents in Bacolod City, Negros Occidental. This profile focused on their socio-demographic and housing characteristics as well as their household expenditure patterns. Several aspects of the driving occupation was also discussed. Income differentials analysis was also used to determine the factors that significantly accounted for the variability in driving income. Drivers were mainly composed of married and middle-aged men, majority of whom were high school graduates. Average household size was from 4—5 members with the father—driver as the only earning family member. Income from jeepney driving accounted for over half of the monthly total household income, averaging at P4,039.73. Drivers houses were made of GI roofs, and wooden outer walls. Most of the sample personally owned their housing units but were squatting on other people's lands. Their houses were equipped with electricity for lighting, LPG for cooking, manual pumps for drinking water and exclusive waste—sealed toilets. Food accounted for over 607. of the driving households' expenditures followed by education, utilities, and medical care. Out of their expenditures, the driving households were still able to save less than 10%. of their total incomes. Operator driver households had higher expenditure levels than boundary driver households. On the average, the drivers' total expenditures were higher than the 1996 inflated food and poverty thresholds. Their income-expenditure patterns reveal a discrepancy of P1414.21 between their total household income and total household expenditures which means that drivers' households have higher chances of increasing their savings levels. Driving experience averaged at 16 years. Consisting mainly of boundary drivers, majority of the sample — fueled jeepneys. Striking rounds were mostly done during peak hours (7-9 AM, 11-1 PM, and 4-7 PM) while parking rounds were done during lean hours (9-11 AM and 1-3 PM). Drivers were largely free to choose how long and how often to work in a day or week. They drove for six days weekly and averaged nine hours per day. Passing by 10-16 schools, jeepneys which traversed four routes (Bata-Libertad, Shopping-Libertad, Banago—Libertad , and Mandalagan-Libertad jeepneys) had relatively higher mean incomes than the rest of the sample. Boundary drivers had higher reported boundary fees and lower daily incomes than operator drivers. The sample's average driving income breaks even with the daily poverty threshold for a family of six members. Only 36% had SSS memberships. Drivers largely shouldered the vulcanizing, fuel, association membership fees and traffic violation penalties of utility vehicles while operators largely assumed its expenses for vehicle-related violations, spare parts, repair, and maintenance needs.The subject-respondents considered the small volume of passengers on some routes, the high cost of penalties from traffic violations, the unscrupulous apprehensions of traffic enforcers, the proposed traffic rerouting scheme and the labor—intensiveness of the occupation as some of its most pressing problems. The postulated regression model was determined to be highly significant with an F-computed value of 7.964. The t-test and p- values, likewise, indicated four independent variables ( number of schools passed, the capacity of the vehicle, the number of strikes per day, and the type of driver) to be significant and accounted for about 397. of the variability in driving income.
Costs and returns analysis of municipal hook and line fisheries in selected coastal barangays of Hamtic, Antique
Baldevia, Joan R. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1998-03)
This paper aims to determine the social and economic conditions of municipal hook and line fishermen; the cost structure of the hook and line fishing method; the profitability level of the municipal hook and line fishermen; the sharing system employed in the municipal hook and line fishery; and to identify the problems of the municipal hook and line fishermen. The study utilized the cost and return analysis. The limitation of this kind of analysis is the assumption that changes in effort and adjustment in fish stocks are taking place simultaneously. The percentage and average analysis failed to take full consideration of the time element of the study since it was based at a "one-shot" interview. The locale of the study are the selected coastal barangays of Hamtic, Antique namely Brgy. Caridad, Mapatag and Asluman. Any conclusions in this study is only applicable to the area concerned by this fishing gear and does not apply to other fishing grounds. Findings of the study showed that the average income of the municipal household was PhP 4168 which was below the average monthly income in Region VI which was PhP 5339.8. They can not be considered absolutely poor however because their average monthly income was still higher to the regional poverty threshold which was PhP 8197/year. Food was the biggest cost outlay of the municipal household which accounted for 68% of the total household expenses. In terms of cost structure, variable cost accounted for 84% of the total cost per trip. This showed that in every fishing trip, the fishermen needs to have enough money to cover its operating expenses. The small percentage of the total fixed cost relative to the total cost shows the level of mobility of the fishing unit to move to another gear type or even to another market of the fishing industry. Labor cost accounted for 48% to total cost per trip which showed how labor intensive is the hook and line fishing method. The opportunity cost, on the other hand, accounted for 13% of the total cost per trip. Almost all indices of profitability posted a negative values. This negative economic profit indicate a definite evidence of economic overfishing. It also indicate that the fishermen should seriously rethink their position in the fishing industry. The differences in findings of the study among the three sample barangays can be attributed to three important variables. First, is the average hour/trip and the average trip/per week. Since this is a per trip analysis, this had an implication on all variables. Secondly, is the number of motorized boats per barangay. Motorized boats have a higher depreciation cost, opportunity cost of owned capital and running cost. Third, would be the number of boats with crewmen/operators per barangay. This reflect the percentage of the respondents with a sharing system and this would entail a higher labor cost and consequently to total cost per barangay. The sharing system was flexible as evidenced by the different sharing arrangement between Brgy. Mapatag which had a 50-50 sharing arrangement compared to Brgy. Asluman and Caridad which was 60-40. The primary problem of the municipal fishermen was the presence of big fishing vessels like the baby purse seiner. Other problems mentioned were the illegal fishing operations like trawling which operate during the night, lack of capital for repair and maintenance and bad weather conditions. The improvement of the socioeconomic conditions of the fishermen should call for a general improvement of the environment in which they operate. The recommendations of the study asserts that the government should develop additional employment opportunities outside the fishery sector. Fishing effort should be controlled by regulation of entry in terms of number of boats or gears employed because of economic overfishing. Large scale fishing like the baby purse seiner should be regulated and trawling be effectively prohibited to increase the resource base of the small-scale fishery. A clear boundary line should then be put up to avoid encroachment of the big fishing vessels to the municipal waters.
Comparative rural income distribution analysis for Brgy. Punong, Passi City and Brgy. Tubod, Bingawan, 1997
Balane, Walter I.; Montemor, Ma. Reina G. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1999-03)
This study was conducted in Brgy. Punong, Passi City and Brgy. Tubod, Bingawan. There were twenty four (24) respondents from Brgy. Punong, Passi City and fourty one (41) from Brgy. Tubod, Bingawan. The analytical tools include the Income Decile, Gini-Coefficient and the Lorenz Curve. It was found out that income earners belonging to deciles in Brgy. Punong, Passi City earn only 24.55% of the total annual household income earned for Brgy. Punong. While the upper deciles (6-10) earn 75.45% of the said income. On the other hand, the income earners belonging to deciles 1-5 in Brgy. Tubod, Bingawan earns 29.93% of the total annual household income earned for Brgy. Tubod, Bingawan. While the upper deciles earn 70.07% of the said income. It was observed that the income earners in the 10th decile earns 1,200% more than the income earners in the first decile in Brgy. Punong, Passi City. On the other hand, the income earners in the 10th decile earns 506% greater than the income earners in the 1st decile income earners in Region VI and Philippines earns 2.2% and 1.7% respectively. In Brgy. Punong, Passi City and Tubod, Binagawan they earn 2.3% and 4.5% of the total annual household income. The bigger percentage share the income earned by 1st decile income earners in Brgy. Tubod, Bingawan is indicative of the barangays' greater advantage vis-a-vis income distribution equality compared to that of Brgy. Punong, Passi City. It was found out that Passi City is Iloilo's highest income earner municipality. The income distribution in Brgy. Punong Grande, Passi City does not however show that high municipality income assures income equality distribution. The Gini-Coefficient ratios further justifies the indirect relationship of high municipal income earned and and income distribution equality. The Gini-ratio of Brgy. Punong, Passi City is 0.3694 while that of Brgy. Tubod, Bingawan is 0.3313. Brgy. Tubod, Bingawan's estimate indicates a greater income distribution equality compared to that of Brgy. Punong, Passi City. Consequently, in the plotting of the Lorenz Curve, the curve for Brgy. Punong, Passi City is farther form the line of perfect equality compared to the one of Brgy. Tubod, Bingawan. The Gini-ratios of the Philippines and Western Visayas in 1997 were 0.4960 and 0.4414 respectively, which are relatively higher than the estimates of the two barangays. This is believed to be caused by sectoral homogeneity, which propose the concept that in areas where there is lack of mobility in the primary source of income, households heads are given less choice to move to another sector. Since both barangays are categorized as rural, although they differ in their extent of dependence to agriculture, the populace were deprived of the choices prided to those in urban areas. Thus, there is poor variety as to sources of income, household head and therefore income itself. Using the logarithmic transformed multiple regression, the following factors were found to be affecting significantly, the distribution of annual household income in Brgy. Punong, Passi City, the number of nonhousehold member contributors (NHM) and the primary sources of income from proffesional work (PSY-PROF). For Brgy. Tubod,Bingawan, three variables resulted to be significant in affecting household income distribution namely; the number of non-household member contributor (NHM), primary sources of income from contributors (PSY-COMP) and highest educational attainment- college level (EDUC-CD). Based on the results particularly on the decile income differentials and factors affecting income differentials, it is recommended that both national and local government should give focus on economic development and not only on economic growth so that vital problems will be addressed. It is important that the government will focus on its Poverty Eradication Program on the welfare of the smallest of the Philippine barangays. It is due time to initiate and maintain community based development projects and other barangay support system to empower the building blocks of the Philippine society
Structural transformation of the labor force and changes in employment conditions: The case of Aklan
Baco, Hazel Mae B.; Cabello, Mary Ann S. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1999-03)
This paper attempts to identify trends in employment conditions and structural changes in the labor force in the province of Aklan. The trends in employment conditions and status of the labor force in Aklan is measured by five major data sets gathered from the National Statistics Office (NSO) and National Statistics Coordinating Board (NSCB). These are unemployment, underemployment and employment by economic sector, by class of workers, by major occupation group, and by major industry group. The results of this study show that Aklan remains largely agricultural and employment conditions were stagnant, but there were signs pointing to the gradual shift of economic activities from agriculture toward manufacturing and services Empirical results are interpreted using theories of structural change. The limitations of the empirical findings owing to problems in the data set as well as the policy implications of the findings are discussed.

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