UPV Theses and Dissertations
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Item A preliminary study on the freezing tolerance of milkfish (Chanos chanos, Forskal) embryosBuendia, Jeremiah C. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-03)Milkfish embryos of blastula and C-shaped stages were tested for cryoprotectant toxicity using DMSO and glycerol at 10%, 12% and 15% concentrations. Survival and hatching as well as the effects of freezing were observed. Glycerol was more toxic than DMSO. Freezing at 4°C resulted in the decrease of hatching, and ice crystal formation killed the embryos during the process of freezing to -80°C. C-shaped embryos had a higher survival and hatching than the blastula stage embryos in the toxicity and cold shock tests.Item The effect of different levels of salinity on the spanning of ablated mudcrab Scylla serrataBueno, Jesse L. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-04)Four salinity treatments with salinity levels of 15 ppt, 25 ppt, 35 ppt and 45 ppt with six replicates per treatment were utilized to determine its effect on the spawning of sexually mature bilaterally ablated mud crab Scylla serrata. The crabs range in weight from 250 grams to 580 grams and carapace width from 12.5 cm. to 16.5 cm. The results of the study showed significant difference (P<0.05) in the number of days when spawning occurred. The shortest duration when spawning occurred was at 25 ppt salinity with a mean value of 9.5 days. This was followed by 35 ppt and 15 ppt salinities with mean values of 15.69 days and 19.83 days respectively. Highest number of days when spawning occurred was at 45 ppt salinity at 24 days. All crabs died 2-3 days after spawning.Item Embryonic development and hatching rate of grouper (Epinephelus suillus) eggs incubated at different stocking densitiesBofill, Aileen B. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1992-04)Fertilized eggs of the grouper Epinephelus suillus were obtained from natural spawning of broodstock reared in a 50—t concrete tank at the Aquaculture Department of the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Tigbauan, Iloilo. The development of eggs incubated at three different stocking densities (50, 1OO, and 150 eggs/1) were monitored. Hatching rates in the different treatments were also determined. Fertilized eggs were floating, non—adhesive, transparent, and spherical in shape with a mean diameter range of 0.83 — 0.84 mm. The yolk was colorless, transparent, and possessed a single oil globule of 0.22 mm in diameter. The eggs have developed into the 2—cell stage 45 min after stocking. Eggs incubated at 1OO eggs/1 hatched 24 h after stocking, while hatching occurred after 27 h and 5 min at 50 eggs/1. No hatching was observed at 150 eggs/1 stocking density even after 28 h post—stocking. Water temperature and salinity during the experiment were 27 ° C and IB ppt, respectively.Item Meiofaunal assemblages in the mangrove habitat in Taklong Island, Nueva Valencia, GuimarasBocoran, Mary Grace G. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1999-03)Meiofauna are metazoans that can pass through a sieve with a mesh of 0.5mm but retained in a mesh of 0.063mm sieve. These organism are interesting to benthic scientist due to its capacity to determine the extent of pollution in the area and its role in the food web of an ecosystem. This study aims (1) to come up with a list of meiofaunal species present in the mangrove substratum, (2) to determine its density and abundance, and (3) to describe the meiofaunal environment in terms of temperature, salinity , pH, and oxygen content. The study was conducted in the mangrove habitat in Taklong Island Guimaras in February 1997. Thirty core samples were collected with a modified PVC core ( diameter=2.0 cm, length=15cm) from 3 areas: seaward, middle, and landward portions of the mangrove. There were eight broad groupings of meiofauna considered: nematodes, copepods, malacostracans, polychaetes, gastrotrichs, kinorhynchs, sipunculids, and others (including forams). The nematodes, of which there were 2 species observed, were the most abundant and comprised 42.14%. The copepods had 3 species observed and comprised 31.05%, 2 species of polychaetes comprised 5.04%,2species of gastrotrychs comprised 3.86% and malacostracans were 6.66%, kinorhynchs were 3.26%, and sipunculids were 0.89%. Unidentified organism which included foraminiferans, were 8.01 %. Range of meiofaunal density (number of individuals per cm'3 ) in three transects were 0.0042-0.1549 in the seaward area,0.0085-0.0785 in the middle area and 0.0021-0.0679 in the landward area. The nematodes had the highest density, and the sipunculids had the lowest density from the seaward to the landward area.Item Fisherfolk participation in (AMMMI) Barangay Palaca, Miag-ao, IloiloBianet, Hedda C. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-03)People's organizations are formed by NGO's to help the fisherfolk uplift their economic well-being and to ensure their participation in charting their future. The Asosasyon Sang Magagmay Nga Mangingisda Sa Miag-ao, Iloilo (AMMMI), as a people's organization, has been existing for almost seven years. Its existence could be accounted for by the participation of the members in the organization. Thus, the study was made. The objectives of the study were met: 1. The members belong to a relatively homogeneous groups of low-income fisherfolk, households with common issues of economic survival and common aspiration to improve standard of living through their collective action. 2. The members have high level of participation in organizational, educational, and socio-economic activities of AMMMI.Item Effects of commercial fishing operation on the municipality fisherfolks of Miag-ao, IloiloBianet, Hector C. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1998-04)This is a study about the effects of commercial fishing operation on the municipal fisherfolks of Miagao, Iloilo, which focuses particularly on the social and economic aspects. This is a descriptive study which aims to describe the fishing technology, the social and economic characteristics, then determine the socio-economic efifects of commercial fishing operation on the municipal fisherfolks of Miagao, Iloilo. Interview of key respondents and archival research were conducted to obtain data and related information about the topic. The results of the study show that in the social aspect, operation of commercial fishing has no siginificant effect on the municipal fishefolks. In the economic aspect , however, the operation of commercial fishing has brought about a tremendous effects on the municipal fisherfolks’ catch. A reduce in the quantity and quality, in particular.Item Cost and return analysis of milkfish operations in different farm sizes in Barotac Nuevo, IloiloBelgira, Gay Nanette (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1996-07)Milkfish (Chanos chanos) is the most important pond cultured fish specie in the Philippines. Barotac Nuevo, where the study was conducted, is among the most productive in the province of Iloilo in terms of milkfish culture. Cost and Return Analysis of Milkfish Production evaluates the economic performance of 30 milkfish farms in Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo. The economic performance of milkfish farms were assessed using profit, revenue, return on investment, rate of return on operating cost, and payback period. Investment and cost structure were also presented. Comparative analysis was done by farm size namely; small farms (less than 5ha), medium farms (5.01 to 20ha) and large farms (above 20ha). Farm investment increased as farm size increased. The highest yield per hectare per crop was obtained by medium farms (708.86kg) followed by large farms (566.76kg) and small farms (394.16kg). For all farms, economic profit decreased as fann size increased on a per farm basis. Small farms had an economic profit of P7,525.25. Medium farms had P55,157.66 while large farms had P131,575.59. Results showed that variable cost of medium farms(21,056.97) on a per hectare basis was higher than that of the large farms(20,298.67) while fixed cost of all farms on a per hectare basis decreased as farms size increased. Opportunity cost of farms on a per hectare basis decreased as farm size increased. Small farms had the lowest return on investment (14.30%) followed by medium farms (30.68%) and large farms (42.31%). Rate of return on operating cost for small farms was 56.03% while medium farms had 26.53% and large farms had 13.14%. Payback period of all farms decreased as farms size increased. Small farms had 6.99 years, medium farms had 3.29 years and large farms had 2.36 years. From all economic indicators presented, milkfish pond culture remains a profitable business venture in Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo. Small farms were found to be productive due to the close farm supervision devoted by owners themselves, but medium farms were found to be most profitable farm size to operate in milkfish pond culture in Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo. Large farms has lower yield because of the large area it occupies that an operator can hardly check all areas.Item Histomorphological study of the gonads of Pholas orientalisBeluso, Michelle O. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-04)A total of five "diwal", Pholas orientalis, two of which wore obtained from Hinigaran, Neg. Occ. on January 1995 and three from Lanas, Barotac Nuevo on February 1994, were examined for the histomorphological study of the gonads of the species. Among the five samples, two were males and three were females. No hermaphrodites were encountered. Macroscopical examination showed that the gonads were diffused in the visceral mass extending from the anterior to the posterior part of the animal. The gonads were arborescent in form and creamy in color. No external sexual differences were observed. Histological examination showed that male and female gonads were scattered in the visceral mass and concentrate most around the stomach. Male and female gonads consist of follicles which were lobular and embedded in the connective tissues. Three sexual maturity stages were observed among the five specimens, which are the late active, ripe, and partially spent stages. During the late active stages in both male arid female gonads, developing gametes (spermatocytes and young oocytes, respectively) are attached to the follicular wall with maturing gametes lying free in the follicular lumen. At the ripe stage, male gonads showed mature sperms free in the follicle lumen with sperm tails radiating into the center of the lumen. In females, ripe oocytes are free in the follicle lumen with some maturing oocytes still attached to the folli- cular wall by a slender stalk. Partially spent stage was observed only in females. Spent gonads showed spaces in ovarian follicles due to loss of ova through spawning (1938). Since there is a growing demand for "diwal", interest on this species had picked up lately. One of the earliest studies on P. orientalis was the study on the "diwal" fishery in Neg. Occ. conducted by Ablan (1938). The larval biology and mariculture of the angelwing clam, Cyrtopleura cos- tata, were studied by Gustafson, et al. (1991) and investigations into spawning and hatchery technique for P. orientalis are underway (Gustafson, et al., 1991). Studies on the biology of P. orientalis are few and in fact no literature regarding reproductive biology of the species was obtained. Thus, this study was carried out with the following objectives: (1) to determine the location of the gonads in the visceral mass of P. orientalis, (2) to describe the histomorphology of the gonads, and (3) to differentiate the gonadal conditions histologicallyItem Marketing of milkfish fry in Pandan, AntiqueBayaras, Dinah A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1995-03)This study describes and analyses the marketing, channels, functions/practices, costs, margins, and shares received by each marketing channel, net price of milk-fish fry received by fry catchers, and the problems encountered in the marketing of milkfish fry in Pandan, Antique. Using a separate interview schedule for each kind of respondent, 40 fry catchers are asked about their latest catch on a per-day basis, and the ten middlemen were interviewed about their last transaction/s. Results showed that from the fry catchers, the 4,218 milkfish fry are sold to three types of middlemen: the commissionman, wholesaler and facilitative organization. Fifty-nine percent of the milkfish fry go to the facilitative organisation, twenty-three percent to the commissionman, and eighteen percent to the wholesaler. From the three types of middlemen, only 86 7, of what they’ve purchased were sold of the 3,610 milkfish fry sold, 55% of it go to the wholesaler/retailer. Others go outside of the municipality. All of the wholesaler/retailer purchases go outside of the municipality. The pre-sale practices performed by the fry catchers include gathering, counting, sorting, storing, and transporting, while the middlemen perform counting, sorting, storing, packaging, and transporting. In performing the five pre-sale practices by the fry catchers, the cost of P16.95 is incurred. These are all noncash costs. The cost of P4.0012 for the depreciation cost of marketing investment items and the mortality cost of P12.95 - This includes the allowance for mortality given to the buyer as well as the actual deaths of milkfish fry - are the composition of the marketing costs. The net. The price of milkfish fry is P0.24/piece. But 23% of the opportunity cost of labor was forgone. The pre-sale practices performed by each type of middleman involved in the marketing of milkfish fry accumulated a distinct cost for each type. For the commissionman, he has a total of P87,3367 marketing cost. The wholesaler incurred — 117.996, the facilitative organization has P570.4867, and the wholesaler/retailer has Pl,365.7987. The middleman who has the highest net return in terms of percentage of average revenue is the commissionman (70.62%), followed by the wholesaler (69.76%), then the facilitative organization (57.89%), and the smallest is received by the wholesaler/retailer (37.54). followed by the facilitative middleman (P0.21), and then the In terms of gross margin received by each type of middleman, the highest shareholder is the wholesaler /retailer (P0.28), then the wholesaler (PC, 23), and the commissionman (P0.06). The problems of poor transportation facilities, insufficient capital, communications in pricing, excessive mortality rates, and the absence of a buyer are the bottlenecks in the marketing system. These problems produce a bad outcome for the middlemen by increasing their losses.Item Socio-economic analysis of municipal fishing in selected barangays of Banate, IloiloBayani, Marie Joy G. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1999-03)The main objectives of the study were to determine the social and economic characteristics of municipal fishermen, costs structure, profitability level, and problems encountered by municipal fishermen in Banate Iloilo. The study made used of cost and return analysis to determine the economic condition of the respondents. This study covered the municipal fishermen of selected barangays of Banate, Iloilo. The study was dependent on the data given by the respondents and not all data maybe reliable. The assumption that changes in effort and adjustment in fishing stocks were taken into consideration. The findings of the study showed that 93.75 % of the fisherman respondents were dependent on fishing for their livelihood. All the fishermen except the hook and line operators could not be considered as absolute poor as their income compared to the poverty threshold. The cost and return analysis of the study showed that fish corral operators incurred the lowest opportunity cost, which amounted to PHP 31.47, while crab pots registered the highest opportunity cost of PHP 48.39. Set gillnet incurred the highest variable cost of PHP 80.62 per trip. Crab pot incurred the highest fixed cost, which amounted to PHP 56 0 per trip. In profit, crab pot incurred the highest gross profit with PHP 380.58, and hook and line registered the lowest gross profit of PHP 1.30 per trip. As expected, the crab pot incurred the highest net profit of PHP 276. 19 per trip. Moreover, in all profitability indices, crab pot, push net, and set the gillnet posted positive receipts. Fish corral and hook and line incurred negative profitability indices. The variations in the results can be attributed to the difference in gears used by the respondents, average trip per week, average hour per trip, percentage of motorized and non-motorized boats, and the average volume of catch per trip. The most common problem faced by the respondents was the presence of illegal fishing in their area. In line with the goals to increase the productivity and welfare of the small-scale fishermen in Banate, the government should give support and assistance in order to upgrade the living conditions of the municipal fishermen.