Undergraduate Theses

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Comparison of direct microscopy and concentration techniques using household bleach for the detection of acid-fast bacilli in sputum
Bernabe, John Marvin S.; Biaoco, Beverly G.; Castillanes, Melvic A.; Fernandez, Ia Jean F.; Geraldoy, Ruffa V.; Molina, Ryge Albert D.; Pluma, Zyra April D.; Que, Agnes Karen B.; Servidad, Mercy Jeane C.; Tamayo, Kyria Mae Marre P. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2008-03-29)
Several published studies have demonstrated that the sedimentation and centrifugation concentration techniques which utilize sodium hypochlorite are more efficient in detecting acid fast bacilli in sputum smears compared to the conventional direct smear method. This study was conducted to (1) compare the proportion of AFB-positive samples by direct microscopy with the household bleach centrifugation concentration technique; (2) compare the proportion of AFB-positive samples by direct microscopy with the household bleach sedimentation concentration technique;(3) compare the proportion of AFB-positive samples by household bleach sedimentation with the centrifugation concentration techniques; and (4) compare the cost of the direct smear method, centrifugation concentration technique, and sedimentation concentration technique for detection of AFB. Sputum specimens were collected from TB-DOTS clinics in Miag-ao and San Joaquin, Iloilo and from Medicus laboratories in Iloilo City. The specimens were then processed through the direct smear method, centrifugation concentration method, and sedimentation concentration method. Out of 174 sputum samples included in this study, results revealed that (1) there was no significant difference in the proportions of AFB-positive slides detected using the direct microscopy and centrifugation concentration technique; (2) there was no significant difference in the proportions of AFB-positive slides detected using the direct microscopy and sedimentation concentration technique; (3) there was no significant difference in the proportions of AFB-positive slides detected using the centrifugation and the sedimentation concentration techniques; and (4) simple cost analysis of the three methods suggests that the direct smear method is the most cost efficient. The findings indicate that whichever method is used would yield almost the same proportions of AFB-positive slides. Internal quality control should be maintained throughout the laboratory work to obtain reliable results, as it is the manner of processing that determines the outcome of this study and its validity.
A study on the preference of the UPV Social Science student between violence and non-violence as a progress on change in the Philippine society
Berlin, Sharon Joy (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1983-04)
The study was conducted among 100 students of the Division of Social Sciences, University of the Philippines in the Visayas, Iloilo City. It attempted to answer the following questions: 1. Violence and Non-violence: which would the students prefer in changing society? 2. Is their preference related to some observable factors like sex, religiousity and family income? 3. What is the attitude of students towards the present government? The respondents were almost unanimous (94%) in their belief that Philippine society needs social changes. Moreover, they perceived the monopoly of power by the few’ as the primary problem of the nation. In the question of political preferences between the different methods of social transformation a considerable number (59%) preferred the use of both violent and nonviolent conduct in effecting changes. When factors like sex, religiousity and family income, were subjected to Chi —Square test, the result is as follows: 1. Female students were not politically less violent than their male counterparts. 2. The more religious the student the less likely he is violent. 3.High family income do not necessarily produce a preference on non-violent method. As to the third question, "What is the attitude of students towards the present Government?", there was a high (91%) percentage that the present government works for the service of the few. A moderate number (52%) believed that the government can not solve the country’s problem, but in terms of the national leadership, a considerable number (61%) categorized it as fairly responsive.
Agrarian reform implementation in Barangay Indag-an, Miag-ao, Iloilo
Beñosa, Zoraida P. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1996-03)
Agrarian Reform is a program set by the government to correct socio-economic imbalances by distributing lands to the farmers who are landless It is a means of uplifting the farmers from social inequalities and the bondage of poverty. Given the nature of the program, it is therefore important to assess the effectiveness of Agrarian Reform Implementation in the community level. Specifically, this is a study of Agrarian Reform Implementation in barangay Indag-an, Miag-ao, Iloilo. The objectives of the study are to describe the processes involved in the implementation of Agrarian Reform in Indag-an, to identify the benefits and support services extended by the program to its beneficiaries, to assess the effectiveness particularly the strengths and weaknesses of the program as perceived by its beneficiaries, to describe the relative effects on male and female household members and lastly, to draw implications on how to improve the Agrarian Reform implementation in the community level. Given these objectives, data were gathered from 35 respondents through a focus group discussion method. Personal interview and a case study were also done to assess the effectiveness of the program. The findings revealed that some beneficiaries believed that they benefitted from the program. Others, however, were a bit cynical towards its implementation. They claimed that the program was biased in Its implementation wherein it caters to the demands of the landlords disregarding the needs and problems of the farmers concerning the distribution of lands. The study further revealed that the support services extended by the program to farmer-beneficiaries centered mainly on agricultural extension, agricultural credit, education and trainings, cooperatives and legal services. Other support services such as infrastructures, health assistance, potable water supply and irrigation system were not provided by the program. As to the strengths and weaknesses of the program, it has been found out that the farmers repressed an ambivalent view about its implementation. They perceived the program as both having strengths and weaknesses wherein the former focused mainly on the processes involved in the distribution of lands while the latter focused more on the insufficient support services provided by the program. Finally, the study revealed that majority of the beneficiaries was male and women beneficiaries comprise only a small number. The male beneficiaries dominated the farm works, relegating women to household chores and aspects of farm work such as planting, weeding, preparing and bringing the food to the fields. However, women were given the opportunity as men in giving opinions, airing their views in the organization. Generally, both had gained from the program, where each has his/her role in farm production, even though the extent of their benefits varies
Gender analysis on the modes and extent of participation in Community-based Fishery Resource Management (CFRM) project in Malalison island, Culasi, Antique
Benliro, Patriana Z P.; Eraste, Concepcion E. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2003-03)
A Gender Analysis on the Modes and Extent of Community Participation on CFRM in Malalison Island, Culasi, Antique was conducted in June 2002-Feruary 3003. The study aimed to determine the modes and extent of participation in Community- based Coastal Resource Management through the Community-based Fishery Resource Management (CFRM) Project using Program Monitoring with interview and focused group discussion. The difference on the modes and extent of participation of sex and membership in the association was also assessed. The study found out that male and female modes of participation in CFRM had no significant difference. The difference was in the extent of their participation, which was caused by the social roles they played. On the other hand membership in the organization was found to be a significant variable in analysing the modes and extent of participation.
A survey study on the motivations, gender roles and gender perspectives of elected women officials in Iloilo Province from 1988-1992
Belloga, NC C. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1995-12-12)
One hundred elected Iloggas from 28 municipalities of Iloilo Province were interviewed to define their demographic profile, motivations in joining the electoral politics, gender roles, and perspectives based on selected sociopolitical gender issues. This study revealed that most of the respondents are married, aged 40 to 74, have an average of 4- 5 children. Majority of them acquired secondary education, and only 28% are degree holders with female gender courses such as BS Nursing, BS Education, and BS Commerce. Most of these women entered politics in 1988, and most of them came from political clans in their municipalities. All of them joined civic or religious organizations in their municipality. Majority of the respondents supported or initiated government projects during their term of office in the areas of beautification, sanitation, health, and environment arid mostly are geared towards the upliftment of the standard of living in their areas. This study established that most of the respondents performed traditionally female gender roles such as housekeepers, wives and mothers. They also assumed male gender roles such as elected public servant and farmer. Only a few performed non-gender roles such as being a student and engaged in business. Majority of them assumed a triple role? by simultaneously fulfilling their domestic reproduction, production and community management obligations. Majority of these women officials were initially motivated to join politics by their desire to serve the people. Most of them are hesitant to join because they lack political knowledge and public service experience. However, despite of their hesitations, these women decided to run for public office because of the assured support given by their family and friends. Majority of these women did not perceive that their being women marginalizes them in politics. Instead, they view such factor victory which proved that constituents preferred them over leading to their male candidates. Most of these women did not perceive that politics is a man's world with reference to the success of Cory Aquino and Miriam Santiago as female politicians. Majority of then? qualified their opinion on woman's exclusive dominion of home, arguing that women cam only go beyond their household duties if they know they are capable to perform public functions. They define their gender role in Philippine society as helpers, assistants and character molders of the youth. Majority of these women also qualified their opinion on the equality of men and women, asserting that in terms of physical capabilities men are more superior and in areas such as home management arid child tearing. Majority of these women did not perceive that Filipino society is a male-biased society. They view women as capable of occupying national political positions ar?d bias numeric advantage over men. However, majority agreed that Filipino women occupy subordinate roles to men in society because women are weak, less aggressive, receive insufficient support, and have scarce opportunities. Most of the respondents find politics difficult, especially in settling disputes. They contend that once they gained the? respect, of their constituents, they feel competent to tackle the tasks. It is evident that women politicians still adhere to the patriarchal belief and have unresolved gender definition, which are contributory factors to the discrimination of women in politics.
Cost and return analysis of milkfish operations in different farm sizes in Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo
Belgira, Gay Nanette (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1996-07)
Milkfish (Chanos chanos) is the most important pond cultured fish specie in the Philippines. Barotac Nuevo, where the study was conducted, is among the most productive in the province of Iloilo in terms of milkfish culture. Cost and Return Analysis of Milkfish Production evaluates the economic performance of 30 milkfish farms in Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo. The economic performance of milkfish farms were assessed using profit, revenue, return on investment, rate of return on operating cost, and payback period. Investment and cost structure were also presented. Comparative analysis was done by farm size namely; small farms (less than 5ha), medium farms (5.01 to 20ha) and large farms (above 20ha). Farm investment increased as farm size increased. The highest yield per hectare per crop was obtained by medium farms (708.86kg) followed by large farms (566.76kg) and small farms (394.16kg). For all farms, economic profit decreased as fann size increased on a per farm basis. Small farms had an economic profit of P7,525.25. Medium farms had P55,157.66 while large farms had P131,575.59. Results showed that variable cost of medium farms(21,056.97) on a per hectare basis was higher than that of the large farms(20,298.67) while fixed cost of all farms on a per hectare basis decreased as farms size increased. Opportunity cost of farms on a per hectare basis decreased as farm size increased. Small farms had the lowest return on investment (14.30%) followed by medium farms (30.68%) and large farms (42.31%). Rate of return on operating cost for small farms was 56.03% while medium farms had 26.53% and large farms had 13.14%. Payback period of all farms decreased as farms size increased. Small farms had 6.99 years, medium farms had 3.29 years and large farms had 2.36 years. From all economic indicators presented, milkfish pond culture remains a profitable business venture in Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo. Small farms were found to be productive due to the close farm supervision devoted by owners themselves, but medium farms were found to be most profitable farm size to operate in milkfish pond culture in Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo. Large farms has lower yield because of the large area it occupies that an operator can hardly check all areas.
Histomorphological study of the gonads of Pholas orientalis
Beluso, Michelle O. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-04)
A total of five "diwal", Pholas orientalis, two of which wore obtained from Hinigaran, Neg. Occ. on January 1995 and three from Lanas, Barotac Nuevo on February 1994, were examined for the histomorphological study of the gonads of the species. Among the five samples, two were males and three were females. No hermaphrodites were encountered. Macroscopical examination showed that the gonads were diffused in the visceral mass extending from the anterior to the posterior part of the animal. The gonads were arborescent in form and creamy in color. No external sexual differences were observed. Histological examination showed that male and female gonads were scattered in the visceral mass and concentrate most around the stomach. Male and female gonads consist of follicles which were lobular and embedded in the connective tissues. Three sexual maturity stages were observed among the five specimens, which are the late active, ripe, and partially spent stages. During the late active stages in both male arid female gonads, developing gametes (spermatocytes and young oocytes, respectively) are attached to the follicular wall with maturing gametes lying free in the follicular lumen. At the ripe stage, male gonads showed mature sperms free in the follicle lumen with sperm tails radiating into the center of the lumen. In females, ripe oocytes are free in the follicle lumen with some maturing oocytes still attached to the folli- cular wall by a slender stalk. Partially spent stage was observed only in females. Spent gonads showed spaces in ovarian follicles due to loss of ova through spawning (1938). Since there is a growing demand for "diwal", interest on this species had picked up lately. One of the earliest studies on P. orientalis was the study on the "diwal" fishery in Neg. Occ. conducted by Ablan (1938). The larval biology and mariculture of the angelwing clam, Cyrtopleura cos- tata, were studied by Gustafson, et al. (1991) and investigations into spawning and hatchery technique for P. orientalis are underway (Gustafson, et al., 1991). Studies on the biology of P. orientalis are few and in fact no literature regarding reproductive biology of the species was obtained. Thus, this study was carried out with the following objectives: (1) to determine the location of the gonads in the visceral mass of P. orientalis, (2) to describe the histomorphology of the gonads, and (3) to differentiate the gonadal conditions histologically
The socio-economic factors that affect the in-migration decision of street vendors in downtown Iloilo City
Bebis, Mary Grace C.; Benetiz, Earl Cexanne B. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2010-03)
The lack of employment opportunities and poverty encourages migration from the rural to urban areas. This study aimed to determine the socio-economic factors that affect the in-migration decision of street vendors in downtown Iloilo City. The data were gathered through purposive sampling of sixty street vendors. The results indicated that the respondents main reason for migrating is the perceived availability of job opportunities in the city. However, information asymmetry, disproved this notion. Age is the only significant factor which contributed in migration decision in this study. The younger an individual is, the higher is the tendency to migrate. Currently, there are no local policies geared towards the welfare of the street vendors. It is highly recommended that the street vendors should be relocated at one place and development of the neighboring towns of Iloilo City be effected to curb the influx of in- migration.
Hallyu: The K-Pop phenomenon a critical analysis of K-POP music
Beguas, Ma. Veronica D.; Sinda, Krisha Kamille M. (Division of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2013-04)
This thesis is a critical analysis of the factors that makes K-Pop music popular. The researchers wanted to objectively look at the music genre since there are only few studies of K-Pop despite its growing global attention in the entertainment industry.The study first traced the emergence of K-Pop, followed by the discussion of its packaging and promotion strategies as well as its implications on Philippine local music industry. The study used Commodification of Culture by Hannah Arendt and Theodore Adorno (1973) and the assumptions of Transnational Media Management Theory by Barbara Parker (1996). The proponents interviewed experts: 3 from the academe, 2 from the media organizations, 2 from the music industry and 2 representatives from K-Pop fan groups and with the Director of Korean Cultural Center in the Philippines. The proponents also did library and online research. The study found out that K-Pop started mainly from K-Dramas and that a combination of well-produced music and music videos, packaging and promotion strategies of Korean entertainment companies, both government and private sector efforts as well as the good adaptation to advance technologies have made K-Pop a global success.
The socio-economic profile of the saltmakers in Barangay San Rafael, Manudurriao, Iloilo City
Bedonia, Rosie J. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visaya, 1986-12)
In general, the study was conducted to find out the socio-economic conditions of saltmakers in Barangay San Rafael, Mandurriao, Iloilo City. Specifically, the objectives of the study are: 1) to know the process of making salt in Barangay San Rafael; 2) to know the social- economic, and demographic characteristics of saltmakers; 5) to determine the membership and participation of salt- makers in organisations; 4) to know the problems of saltmakers regarding their work; and, 5) to be able to make recommendations based on the findings of the study. The study was conducted in Barangay San Rafael, Man— durriao, Iloilo City, where the salt industry is located. The respondents of the study are limited only to saltmakers who are residents of the said barangay., Third— ty (30) respondents were chosen as sample for the study through the use of the simple random sampling technique. An interview schedule was used to gather data and was administered by the researcher herself. Simple frequency counts, percentages, and averages were used to describe the socio-economic and demographic profile of saltmakers. The results of the study revealed that the process used in making salt in Barangay San Rafael is a conventional solar process used in making evaporation of seawater. The results also revealed that most saltmakers are working full-time, and have low education, host of the respondents belong to a nuclear type of family composed of a father, mother, and children. The total number of household members is 151, with an average size of six (6) members. Most of their household members are going to school, and there are more who are in the elementary level. The average household monthly income of saltmakers is Pl,500.32, 30 percent of which comes from saltmaking alone. Their average household monthly expenditures is Pl,000.52. They also live in a house that is semi-permanent, which ismade up of bamboo, lawanit, and galvanized iron. Their common household furniture is a radio. From the results of the study, the researcher concludes that the saltmakers are more or less within the poverty threshold of income. This conclusion is supported by Hr. Bernardo Villegas of the Center for Research and Communication. He said, “For a family of six (6) to live in animal or biological existence means the ’whole family has to earn an income of P2,000 a month." Most of the saltmakers are members of various community organizations like the Barangay Tanod (33%), Barangay Council (20$), Barangay Health Organization (1O%), and the Lupon (10%). Out of 18 saltmakers who are members of organizations, thirteen (13) belong to the high-income group and five (5) to the low-income group. This implies that the higher income group have the tendency to join organizations more than those of the low income group. However, the study revealed that the low-income groups are more active in their participation in organizational activities than the high-income groups. The common problems confronting the saltmakers are their low salary and the difficulty to find a job during rainy season when the salt industry stops its operation. Based on the results of the study, the researcher would like to recommend that the government should take steps in developing the salt industry in the country as there are more people who are dependent on saltmaking for their subsistence. The government must do something to encourage more capitalists to invest their money in salt- making so that the people in the poverty-stricken communities along the seaside will have source of income for their living. The government should help the saltmakers find jobs during rainy season as saltmaking can only be done during dry season. Lastly, the researcher recom- mends to the saltmakers of Barangay San Rafael Mandurriao to form a group and work together to demand an increase of salary from the salt bed owners.

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