Undergraduate Theses
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Item The pharmacological screening of Moringa oleifera Lam.Burgos, Karen J. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1998-07)Moringa oleifera, Lam, or malunggay, belongs to Family Moringaceae. The medicinal value of this plant has long been recognized in folk medicine. Not all the claims, however, are proven scientifically. This study aimed to (1) test the crude extracts from the seeds and leaves of M. oleifera for pharmacological properties and (2) to compare its efficacy with the drugs commonly used to alleviate particular ailment. Phytochemical assay for alkaloid using Culvenor-Fitzgerald method was done to test the presence of alkaloids. The dried seeds and young leaves were extracted with methanol and concentrated under reduced pressure at 45°C. The resulting extracts were partitioned and used for the different assays: Brine shrimp assay for cytotoxicity, Acetic acid-induced writhing assay for analgesic activity, Charcoal tracing assay for antispasmodic activity and paper disc diffusion method for antimicrobial activity. Result showed that only the seeds have alkaloids. Toxicity test revealed that the seeds are practically non-toxic but the leaves were toxic with an LC50 of 550 μg/mL after 24 hours of exposure. Of the two extracts, only the leaves exhibited analgesic activity although not as effective as Mefenamic Acid in reducing pain. The leaf extract, was also found active against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The seed extract was active only against B. subtilis. Both extracts, however, are not as effective as the antibiotic drug, Amoxicillin. Results also showed that both extracts do not have antispasmodic activity. The study confirmed the antimicrobial and analgesic activities for the use of the leaves of this plant in folk medicine.Item Development of probiotics determination of LD50 of previously isolated indigenous vibriolytic bacteria, Pseudomonas aerugginosa JP4, to Penaeus monodon postlarvaeBillena, Ma. Thesa M. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2000-06)Previous studies showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa JP4 is effective in eliminating pathogenic Vibrio spp. on shrimp. However, virulence studies on this strain are lacking. Hence, this study was conducted to test the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa JP4, using different bacterial densities of 105, 106, 107, 108, 109 and 1010 CFU/ml. These were introduced to Penaeus monodon postlarvae 13 (PL13)and early juvenile (PL25) stages. After 3 days of monitoring, mortality rates and LD50 values were determined using Reed-Muench method. Results showed that shrimps can not tolerate higher bacterial densities with LD50 of 1.15 x 107 CFU/ml and 1.12 x 108 CFU/ml for PL13 and PL25 respectively. The relatively high LD50 values on shrimp stages PL13 and PL25 indicate a low virulence of the bacterial strain. Hence, P. aeruginosa JP4 maybe used as potential vibriolytic bacteria.Item Karyotype analysis of Kutsay Allium odoratum L. (Alliales: Alliaceae)Bermejo, Jo-am Asis (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1995-05)The C-metaphase count of Allium odoratum revealed that the chromosome number was 2n=32, consisting of the following centromeric groups based on Levan's method of chromosome classification: Group I chromosomes with subterminal centromeres (1 pair); Group II with submedian centromeres (2 pairs), and Group III with median centromeres (13 pairs). The mean total lengths of chromosome ranged from 8.534±0.504-16.624±0.600 μ. Mitotic index for the species was found to be 10.87%.Item A comparative study of the microorganisms found in the vaginal flora of pill and non pill user by Pap smearBayate, Aimee Sarena L. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-03)This study was conducted to identify and classify the organisms that are present in pill users and non-pill users. It will determine if taking of pills cause changes in the microflora of pill (combined) users and will describe the profile of both pill and non-pill users. The study use 200 prepared smears of the vagina, divided equally to both pill and non-pill users. The slides were collected at Dr. Ricardo Y. Ladrido Memorial Hospital, Lambunao, Iloilo by the family planning physician with the help of the medical technologist. The profile of the patients were also gathered to provide more information about the subjects. The organisms were identified according to their basic morphological characteristic. The results indicate that bacilli which is the normal inhabitant of the vagina is present in 200 samples. Cocci is present in both groups but occure more in women who are pill users. In the parasite group, Trichomonas vaginalis is present in women who are pill user and Candida is present in both groups but occur more in women who are pill users. The test for the estimation of the difference between two proportions reveal that the z values obtained from the experiment falls between the critical region which has a value of 2.58. Such a value indicate that the prevalence of parasites and bacteria are equal among pill and non-pill users.Item Karyotype analysis of garlic, Allium sativum L. (Alliales; Alliaceae)Bandiola, Ma. Florma A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-03)The C-metaphase count of Allium sativum L. showed a chromosome number of 2n = 14, consisting of six long and eight short somatic chromosomes categorized into three distinct groups: ten m type chromosomes with centromeres at the median region, two sm type chromosomes with submedian centromere and two st type chromosomes with subterminal centromere, Mitotic index for the species was computed at 16.88%.Item Sea tidal occurrence as basis for estimating the time of child deliveriesAbello, Jose Hernany L., Jr. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1992-03)The study was made to investigate the reliability of using the predicted time of occurrence of high tide or low tide as a basis of estimating the time of delivery of a child. This was conceived because of the belief and practice of "hilots" which has never been proven scientifically. The data on deliveries were obtained from the Angel Salazar Memorial General Hospital (San Jose, Antique) and the Western Visayas Medical Center (Mandurriao, Iloilo City). Random sampling was used with ten deliveries chosen for each month in the respective hospitals from the total number of spontaneous deliveries for the year 1990. The time of delivery was paired with the nearest occurrence of high or low tide based on the Predicted Tide and Current Tables for 1990 published by the National Mapping and Resource Information Authority, Coast and Geodetic Surveys Department. The raw data were subjected to regression analysis using Microstat software. The linear correlation coefficients (r) obtained were 0.960 (ASMGH) and 0.949² (WVMC) while the coefficients of determination (r² ) were 0.921 (ASMGH) and 0.901 (WVMC). A strong positive correlation between the two variables was seen in both hospitals studied. The time durations before or after the occurrence of high or low tide within which a child could be expected to be delivered on the average were 1.68 hours (ASMGH) and 1.85 hours (WVMC). The study has demonstrated that the could be delivery estimated time of occurrence of high or low tide considered as basis for estimating the time of a baby.