Undergraduate Theses
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Item Fecundity and Oocyte size in the flyingfish (Cheilopogon arcticeps) from Lanuza Bay, Surigao Del SurBelaza, Yeuclaire Dorothy M. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2018-06)The relationship of fecundity and oocyte diameter to body size and other reproductive aspects of the flying fish, Cheilopogon arcticeps in Lanuza Bay were investigated in this study. Gravimetric method or weight method was used in order to estimate the fecundity of 35 mature female C.arcticeps ranging from 17.8-23.6 cm standard length. Total fecundity of C.arcticeps ranged from 1,126 - 41,684 while its oocyte diameter ranged from 0.8 -3.6 mm. The relationship of fecundity to standard length (SL) showed variable results and poor correlation. This may be indicative of a unique reproductive strategy of this species. Egg size to standard length showed an increasing trend but a weak correlation. In general smaller egg diameters were observed in smaller size class SL and bigger egg diameters appear in larger SL. The relationship of fecundity to gonad weight showed a positive linear correlation and increasing data .Thus as gonad weight increases, fecundity increases too. The correlation between fecundity and total length shows a weak relationship, however the correlation between fecundity and gonad weight show a stronger relationship. The present study aim to exhibit additional information on the rare documentation of flyingfish in the country.Item Community structure of riverine mangrove stand in Brgy. Talokgangan, Municipality of Banate, Iloilo ProvinceBelaño, Keith Dominador L. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2001-04)The community structure of riverine mangrove stand in Brgy. Talokgangan, Municipality of Banate, Iloilo was studied. Ten “true” mangrove species representing seven families were encountered in the “mangals” of Balandra creek community in Brgy. Talokgangan. They were Avicennia marina, Avicennia lanata and Avicennia alba representing Family Avicenniaceae; Rhizophora apiculata and Rhizophora mucronata under Family Rhizophoraceae; Sonneratia alba of the Family Sonneratiaceae; Excoecaria agallocha under Family Euphorbiaceae; Camptostemon philippinense of the Family Bombacaceae; one from the Family Meliaceae namely Xylocarpus granatum, and Family Palmae represented by Nypa fruticans. Stand Basal Area was computed highest in Station 1 with 10.22 m2/ha. Station 1 was also the densest among the four stations with a density value of 2533 trees/ha. In terms of data evaluated per zone, the landward zone has a Stand Basal Area of 10.87 m2/ha which is slightly higher than the middle and riverward zones. The middle zone, however, was found to be the densest with 1850 trees/ha. The most dominant station was Station 1 with the highest Index of Dominance of 0.3319, however, was found to be the least diverse station. The highest Index of Diversity was computed in Stations 2 and 3, with diversity indices of 0.8976 and 0.8989 respectively. Avicennia marina was found common in all stations and the most dominant, making it the most important mangrove species. They were found to occupy the whole site, growing abundantly in wide range of conditions from areas frequently inundated by tidal flow in Station 1 to the firmer muddy substratum in the back mangrove areas. Rhizophora apiculata and Rhizophora mucronata was observed to occupy waterlogged soil conditions. Excoecaria agaliocha tend to flourish in firmer muddy substratum in open sites, whereas, Xylocarpus granatum was observed to occupy zones where salinity is lowest in areas rarely affected by tidal flow. Sonneratia alba and Camptostemon philippinense tend to grow in zones directly inundated by tidal flow.Item The effect of seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) as a partial substitute for commercial feed on the growth of chickenBedia, Alma Mae S. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-08)The study determined whether the use of seaweed (Kappaphycus aIvarezii) in different amounts as a partial substitute to commercial feeds would enhance the growth of chickens, reduce feed consumption, increase feed efficiency, and increase profit. The chickens were first fed with commercial broiler starter mash feeds for 15 days. Then, on the 16th day to the 35th day, the chickens were fed with different combinations in 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 ratios of commercial broiler finisher feeds to K. alvarezii. Chickens fed with purely commercial broiler finisher feeds served as the control. Feed consumption, liveweight gain, and feed efficiency were computed every three days, while Profitability was determined at the end of the experimental period. Results showed that the use of K. alvarezii as a partial substitute to commercial broiler finisher feeds in a 1: 1 ratio increased the profit as well as the growth of the chickens, and it is comparable to that in the control (fed with purely commercial broiler finisher feeds). When the amount of K. alvarezii in the feed ration is more than 50% (1:1 ratio), it was observed that it would hamper the growth of the broilers.Item A community study of mangroves in Brgy. Caliling, Cauayan, Negros OccidentalBarredo, Sherry Marie P. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2000-03)The species distribution of the mangrove community in Brgy. Caliling, Cauayanz Negros Occidental was studied using the transect line plot method with three plots for each of four stations established. Both stations 1 and 4 were located landward, while stations 2 and 3 were located seaward. Community structure Is described in terms of the following parameters; basal area, number of trees per hectare, importance value, relative density, relative frequency, frequency of species and relative dominance. Variations in these parameters are correlated with physico-chemical factors such as the air, water and soil temperature, water depth, salinity and pH. Ten true species were found In the mangals of the coastal environment of Brgy. Caliling, Cauayan, Negros Occidental. They were Avicennia aiba, Avicennia Janata, Avicennia manna, Campostemon phiiHpinensis, Excoecaria agallocha, Osbomia octodonta, Nipa fruticans, Brugeria cylindrica, Rhizophora apiculata and R. mucronata. Standard Basal Area was highest in Station 3 with 7.54 m/ha. In terms of zonation, the landward zone was found to have the highest Stand Basal Area with 11.15 m/ha. Station 2 had the highest density value of 33.92 %, whereas in terms of zonation, both the middle and seaward zone had the density value of 36.20 %. Avicennia marina was found to be the most dominant species and was observed to occupy sites with hypersaline conditions, in silty clay to muddy substratum, which may or may not be inundated by tidal flow most of the time.Item Historical analysis of Hippeatrum puniceum (Var) Lam.Bañas, Shirlyn L. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1996-03)A histochemical study Hipppeastrum puniceum, a bulbous plant of Family Amaryllidaceae, was performed to screen the plant for the presence of medically important substances that could be responsible for its curative powers. Results of the analyses showed that the leaf reacted positively to tests for presence of aldehydes, alkaloids, amygdalin, and arbutin; the roots tested positive for aldehydes, alkaloids, amygdalin, lecithin, oxalic acid, saponins, and tartaric acid. The bulb had aldehydes, alkaloids, amygdalin, arbutin, lecithin, saponins and tannins. On the other hand, the leaf, root, and bulb yielded negative results in the tests for presence of presence of citric acid, formic acid, lignin, and phytosterol.Item Determination of the fungal flora in the rearing water, eggs, larvae and post-larvae of Penaeus monodon in a large-scale hatchery systemBaes, Glanee F. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1995-03)The rearing water and homogenized. eggs, larvae, post-larvae of Penaeus monodon were taken front the large-scale hatchery system. These were counted, isolated and identified. Analysis was done by determining the mean, standard deviation and skewness of the data. The result showed that the skewness of the yeast and mold counts in the rearing water were 0.93 and 0.64, respectively 'while that in the homogenized samples were 0.92 and 1.09, respectively. These showed that the data were positively skewed, hence, fungi were greater in the early larval stages than in the later stages. The mean showed that yeast yielded greater counts as compared to the molds. Furthermore, rearing water have also higher fungal count than that of the homogenized prawns. The fungi identified were Aspergillus, Balanium, Bispora, Cladosporium and Phialomysis. In the study, the fungi identified were the normal mycoflora which did not adversely harm the prawn due to favorable hatchery conditions, there being no disease outbreak during the duration of the study.Item Taxonomy and distribution of holothurians in selected sites within Panabolon Island, GuimarasBachoco, Raian Dennis (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2001-04)This study mainly deals with the taxonomy and distribution of sub-tidal holothurians in 2 selected sites based on the predominant substrate and vegetation characteristics, within Panabolon Island. Sampling was done during low tides in the months of March and April 2001. A total of seven species in five genera belonging to families Synaptidae, Holothuriidae and Stichopodidae were recorded from the study area. The family Holothuriidae is the most common (4 species) of the three families. Synapta maculata is the most abundant species (33.33%) followed by Holothuria atra (27.27%) and Holothuria scabra (21.21%). Highest species diversity was observed in the coralline area with strong water movement while-densities are highest in areas with seagrass bedsItem Effect of soil amendments on damping-off disease of tomatoBalofiños, Junnel B. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1998-04)Different soil amendments obtained commercially were tested for their ability to suppress damping-off disease of tomato. Compost, animal manure, inorganic fertilizer, and green manure were applied to autoclaved soil prior to addition of a pathogenic inoculum. The biological control of the damping-off disease was evaluated by monitoring disease incidence in every plot of 50 seedlings for 25 days. Compost and animal manure significantly reduced disease incidence while green manure and inorganic fertilizer did not yield significant results as compared to the nonamended control soil. Percent emergence, dry matter content, and height were not at all affected by the different treatments.Item A preliminary study on the extraction of alginic acid from three species of brown algae: Sargassum polycystum, Sargassum cristaefolium and Turbinaria sp. in Taklong Is.,GuimarasAdelantar, Geoffrey V. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1996-04)Three species of brown algae were harvested in Taklong Is., Guimaras. These were Sargassum polycystum, Sargassum cristaefolium, and Turbinaria sp. These brown algae were subjected to physical and chemical treatment to extract and compare the amount of their alginic acid in the form of sodium alginate. Four seaweed collections for extraction were made between August to December, 1995. Values obtained during the first three extractions gave almost similar results. S. polycystum exhibited the highest percentage yield of sodium alginate with a mean of 22.84%. It was followed by S. cristaefolium at 22.21%. Turbinaria sp. gave the lowest yield with a mean of 14.12%. The last extraction somehow showed a decrease in the percentage yield of all three samples. S. polycystum yielded just 20.00%, S. cristaefolium at 19.00% and Turbinaria sp. at just. 10.10%. Several factors may have contributed to the differences in the amount of alginic acid of the three species of brown algae. Among these are the inherent capability of the different species of brown algae to produce alginates, the thickness and sturdiness of the samples, the viscosity of the extracts, and seasonal changes.Item Phytoplankton assemblages in contrasting seasons in the area of Banate Bay, Iloilo, PhilippinesAlvarez, Rose Ann T. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2019-06)Banate Bay in Iloilo is one of the major food and occupation contributors in the Panay Island because of its rich biodiversity. This study investigated the phytoplankton assemblage and their diversity with respect to the contrasting seasons namely; December 2012 and June 2013 on the pre-selected nine (9) stations of the Coastal Ecosystem Conservation and Adaptive Management (CECAM) Project. Physicochemical parameters such as salinity, turbidity, DO, and pH did not display seasonality but total suspended solids (TSS) did, with increased values resulting from run-off from the surrounding watershed and rivers. Principal Component Analysis divided the stations during the two months into groups. Station B3 during June 2013 possessed low salinity level, low turbidity level, low pH level and a very high DO level. While the other stations during June 2013 and all the stations during December 2012 possessed higher salinity levels, higher turbidity levels, higher pH levels and lower DO levels. While the PC2 of PCA divided the stations according to the TSS levels and the temperature. All stations during December 2012 showed characteristics of higher TSS levels and lower temperatures while stations during June 2013 were observed to have low TSS levels and higher temperatures. A total of 86 genera falling under six families were identified from the samples, namely: bacillariophyceae (49 genera), dinophyceae (24 genera), cyanophyceae (6 genera), silicoflagellate (4 genera), chlorophyceae (1 genus), euglenophyceae (1 genus) and Miscellaneous (2 genera). In December 2012, a total of 84 genera were identified and 86 genera in June 2013. The top 10 genera with the highest mean densities were Bacteriastrum, Chaetoceros, Eutintinnus, Guinardia, Leptocylindricus, Lioloma, Protoperidinium, Thallasiothrix and Trichodesmium. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that water temperature and TSS were the most significant parameters influencing the distribution and seasonal shift in phytoplankton families and genera such as Bacillariophyceae, Others (composed of Euglenophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Myrionecta, and Globigerina), Protoperidinium, and Guinardia. pH and DO had minor influence on phytoplankton distribution. Shannon- Wiener diversity index as a pollution index suggested that the study area was incipiently polluted at stations Bl, B2, and B3 and marginally polluted at Stations B4, B5, GN1, GN2, GS1, and GS2. Despite potential effects of various human activities, the water quality and phytoplankton assemblage of this area has not reached an alarming situation. The current study provides valuable baseline data.