UPV Digital RepositoryUPV-DRUniversity of the Philippines Visayas
 

Undergraduate Theses

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Degree: search.filters.degree.Bachelor of Science in BiologySDG: search.filters.sdg.SDG 11 - Sustainable cities and communities

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    Histomorphological study of the gonads of Pholas orientalis
    Beluso, Michelle O. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-04)
    A total of five "diwal", Pholas orientalis, two of which wore obtained from Hinigaran, Neg. Occ. on January 1995 and three from Lanas, Barotac Nuevo on February 1994, were examined for the histomorphological study of the gonads of the species. Among the five samples, two were males and three were females. No hermaphrodites were encountered. Macroscopical examination showed that the gonads were diffused in the visceral mass extending from the anterior to the posterior part of the animal. The gonads were arborescent in form and creamy in color. No external sexual differences were observed. Histological examination showed that male and female gonads were scattered in the visceral mass and concentrate most around the stomach. Male and female gonads consist of follicles which were lobular and embedded in the connective tissues. Three sexual maturity stages were observed among the five specimens, which are the late active, ripe, and partially spent stages. During the late active stages in both male arid female gonads, developing gametes (spermatocytes and young oocytes, respectively) are attached to the follicular wall with maturing gametes lying free in the follicular lumen. At the ripe stage, male gonads showed mature sperms free in the follicle lumen with sperm tails radiating into the center of the lumen. In females, ripe oocytes are free in the follicle lumen with some maturing oocytes still attached to the folli- cular wall by a slender stalk. Partially spent stage was observed only in females. Spent gonads showed spaces in ovarian follicles due to loss of ova through spawning (1938). Since there is a growing demand for "diwal", interest on this species had picked up lately. One of the earliest studies on P. orientalis was the study on the "diwal" fishery in Neg. Occ. conducted by Ablan (1938). The larval biology and mariculture of the angelwing clam, Cyrtopleura cos- tata, were studied by Gustafson, et al. (1991) and investigations into spawning and hatchery technique for P. orientalis are underway (Gustafson, et al., 1991). Studies on the biology of P. orientalis are few and in fact no literature regarding reproductive biology of the species was obtained. Thus, this study was carried out with the following objectives: (1) to determine the location of the gonads in the visceral mass of P. orientalis, (2) to describe the histomorphology of the gonads, and (3) to differentiate the gonadal conditions histologically
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    A comparative study of the microorganisms found in the vaginal flora of pill and non pill user by Pap smear
    Bayate, Aimee Sarena L. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-03)
    This study was conducted to identify and classify the organisms that are present in pill users and non-pill users. It will determine if taking of pills cause changes in the microflora of pill (combined) users and will describe the profile of both pill and non-pill users. The study use 200 prepared smears of the vagina, divided equally to both pill and non-pill users. The slides were collected at Dr. Ricardo Y. Ladrido Memorial Hospital, Lambunao, Iloilo by the family planning physician with the help of the medical technologist. The profile of the patients were also gathered to provide more information about the subjects. The organisms were identified according to their basic morphological characteristic. The results indicate that bacilli which is the normal inhabitant of the vagina is present in 200 samples. Cocci is present in both groups but occure more in women who are pill users. In the parasite group, Trichomonas vaginalis is present in women who are pill user and Candida is present in both groups but occur more in women who are pill users. The test for the estimation of the difference between two proportions reveal that the z values obtained from the experiment falls between the critical region which has a value of 2.58. Such a value indicate that the prevalence of parasites and bacteria are equal among pill and non-pill users.
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    A community study of mangroves in Brgy. Caliling, Cauayan, Negros Occidental
    Barredo, Sherry Marie P. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2000-03)
    The species distribution of the mangrove community in Brgy. Caliling, Cauayanz Negros Occidental was studied using the transect line plot method with three plots for each of four stations established. Both stations 1 and 4 were located landward, while stations 2 and 3 were located seaward. Community structure Is described in terms of the following parameters; basal area, number of trees per hectare, importance value, relative density, relative frequency, frequency of species and relative dominance. Variations in these parameters are correlated with physico-chemical factors such as the air, water and soil temperature, water depth, salinity and pH. Ten true species were found In the mangals of the coastal environment of Brgy. Caliling, Cauayan, Negros Occidental. They were Avicennia aiba, Avicennia Janata, Avicennia manna, Campostemon phiiHpinensis, Excoecaria agallocha, Osbomia octodonta, Nipa fruticans, Brugeria cylindrica, Rhizophora apiculata and R. mucronata. Standard Basal Area was highest in Station 3 with 7.54 m/ha. In terms of zonation, the landward zone was found to have the highest Stand Basal Area with 11.15 m/ha. Station 2 had the highest density value of 33.92 %, whereas in terms of zonation, both the middle and seaward zone had the density value of 36.20 %. Avicennia marina was found to be the most dominant species and was observed to occupy sites with hypersaline conditions, in silty clay to muddy substratum, which may or may not be inundated by tidal flow most of the time.
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    Community structure of beach forest species in Mag-aba, Pandan, Antique
    Banogon, Tharrah Anne O. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2019-06)
    The Philippine beach forest is one of the understudied and less-popular important ecosystem that provides great number of food and economic products in the country. In fact, we lost them much earlier than the mangrove community that there is miniscule information is existing about them. There is a need for understanding the forest status and community structure due to the rising threats of natural and anthropogenic factors. The unexplored forest patch in Barangay Mag-aba, Pandan, Antique can provide additional information on beach forest diversity and abundance in the country, thus the need for this study. This study aimed to record the different species and to provide description of the community of beach forest in Mag-aba, Pandan. Specifically, the objectives of this study are (1) identify, describe and classify the beach forest species present in the area, and (2) describe the community structure in terms of species composition, diameter at breast height and stand height, stand basal area, importance value, evenness and Shannon- Weiner Index of Diversity. The transect plot method adopted from English et al (1994) was used to obtained quantitative data. A total of 80 beach forest species representing 41 families were recorded. The family Fabaceae and the species Cocos nucifera dominated the forest community. The stand basal area of 83.24 m2 ha-1 reflects a mature beach forest community, however the community is made up of mostly low DBH classes (saplings and seedling) also indicating a regenerating forest. Mag-aba is characterized to have a low species diversity (H'=1.17), however the individual species are fairly distributed (J'- 0.83). These results are addition to the existing knowledge of beach forest community that would serve as information for conservation measures.
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    Decomposition of sugarcane bagasse by Trichoderma
    Bangilan, Ma. Irish P. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-04)
    Sugarcane bagasse, an end-product after extraction of the juice of the sugarcane, was composted with the aid of Trichoderma, a compost fungus activator which shortens the decomposition process of farm wastes. Decomposition process was observed through the changes in temperature and substrate consistency. An average of 94 days was noted for a complete decomposition of 900 kg bagasse. Analysis of bagasse compost gave 0.78% nitrogen, 4.94% phosphorus, in the form of P2O5 and 1.55% potassium, in the form of K 2O. It showed that composted bagasse is a good source of phosporus but poor in nitrogen and potassium. The compost, nevertheless, can also be a good soil conditioner.
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    Effect of soil amendments on damping-off disease of tomato
    Balofiños, Junnel B. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1998-04)
    Different soil amendments obtained commercially were tested for their ability to suppress damping-off disease of tomato. Compost, animal manure, inorganic fertilizer, and green manure were applied to autoclaved soil prior to addition of a pathogenic inoculum. The biological control of the damping-off disease was evaluated by monitoring disease incidence in every plot of 50 seedlings for 25 days. Compost and animal manure significantly reduced disease incidence while green manure and inorganic fertilizer did not yield significant results as compared to the nonamended control soil. Percent emergence, dry matter content, and height were not at all affected by the different treatments.
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    Community structure of a ten-year-old naturally, regenerating mangrove stand in Baguingin, Tigbauan, Iloilo
    Animas, Ruphil May J. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1999-04)
    The structure of the mangrove community in Baguingin, Tigbauan was studied using the transect line plot method with seven plots established. Community structure is described in terms of the following parameters: basal area, stems per hectare, relative density, relative frequency, relative dominance, and importance value of the species and the Shannon Index of Diversity. Variations in these parameters are correlated with certain physico-chemical factors-- air and water temperature, soil pH, water salinity, land elevation- and the degree of human influence. Three true mangrove species were found in the area: Excoecaria agallocha, Avicennia marina, and Avicennia alba. A. marina was found to have the highest relative density of 70.8%. relative dominance of 52.35% and importance value of 169.82. A. marina and A. alba have equal relative frequency of 46.67%. Seedlings and saplings of A. marinadominate the area, indicating that the community is a young and regenerating stand. Basal area significantly increased from sea to land ( 53.68 cm2 to 431.66 cm2) and from creek to land ( 8.83 cm2 to 366.54 cm2). Shannon Index of Diversity gave a result of 0. The very low diversity index means that there is uneven distribution of individual trees among the species, and only a few kinds of species were present and are centered around only two genera, Avicennia species and Excoecaria agallocha.