Undergraduate Theses
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Item Karyotype analysis of Kutsay Allium odoratum L. (Alliales: Alliaceae)Bermejo, Jo-am Asis (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1995-05)The C-metaphase count of Allium odoratum revealed that the chromosome number was 2n=32, consisting of the following centromeric groups based on Levan's method of chromosome classification: Group I chromosomes with subterminal centromeres (1 pair); Group II with submedian centromeres (2 pairs), and Group III with median centromeres (13 pairs). The mean total lengths of chromosome ranged from 8.534±0.504-16.624±0.600 μ. Mitotic index for the species was found to be 10.87%.Item Histomorphological study of the gonads of Pholas orientalisBeluso, Michelle O. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-04)A total of five "diwal", Pholas orientalis, two of which wore obtained from Hinigaran, Neg. Occ. on January 1995 and three from Lanas, Barotac Nuevo on February 1994, were examined for the histomorphological study of the gonads of the species. Among the five samples, two were males and three were females. No hermaphrodites were encountered. Macroscopical examination showed that the gonads were diffused in the visceral mass extending from the anterior to the posterior part of the animal. The gonads were arborescent in form and creamy in color. No external sexual differences were observed. Histological examination showed that male and female gonads were scattered in the visceral mass and concentrate most around the stomach. Male and female gonads consist of follicles which were lobular and embedded in the connective tissues. Three sexual maturity stages were observed among the five specimens, which are the late active, ripe, and partially spent stages. During the late active stages in both male arid female gonads, developing gametes (spermatocytes and young oocytes, respectively) are attached to the follicular wall with maturing gametes lying free in the follicular lumen. At the ripe stage, male gonads showed mature sperms free in the follicle lumen with sperm tails radiating into the center of the lumen. In females, ripe oocytes are free in the follicle lumen with some maturing oocytes still attached to the folli- cular wall by a slender stalk. Partially spent stage was observed only in females. Spent gonads showed spaces in ovarian follicles due to loss of ova through spawning (1938). Since there is a growing demand for "diwal", interest on this species had picked up lately. One of the earliest studies on P. orientalis was the study on the "diwal" fishery in Neg. Occ. conducted by Ablan (1938). The larval biology and mariculture of the angelwing clam, Cyrtopleura cos- tata, were studied by Gustafson, et al. (1991) and investigations into spawning and hatchery technique for P. orientalis are underway (Gustafson, et al., 1991). Studies on the biology of P. orientalis are few and in fact no literature regarding reproductive biology of the species was obtained. Thus, this study was carried out with the following objectives: (1) to determine the location of the gonads in the visceral mass of P. orientalis, (2) to describe the histomorphology of the gonads, and (3) to differentiate the gonadal conditions histologicallyItem Fecundity and Oocyte size in the flyingfish (Cheilopogon arcticeps) from Lanuza Bay, Surigao Del SurBelaza, Yeuclaire Dorothy M. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2018-06)The relationship of fecundity and oocyte diameter to body size and other reproductive aspects of the flying fish, Cheilopogon arcticeps in Lanuza Bay were investigated in this study. Gravimetric method or weight method was used in order to estimate the fecundity of 35 mature female C.arcticeps ranging from 17.8-23.6 cm standard length. Total fecundity of C.arcticeps ranged from 1,126 - 41,684 while its oocyte diameter ranged from 0.8 -3.6 mm. The relationship of fecundity to standard length (SL) showed variable results and poor correlation. This may be indicative of a unique reproductive strategy of this species. Egg size to standard length showed an increasing trend but a weak correlation. In general smaller egg diameters were observed in smaller size class SL and bigger egg diameters appear in larger SL. The relationship of fecundity to gonad weight showed a positive linear correlation and increasing data .Thus as gonad weight increases, fecundity increases too. The correlation between fecundity and total length shows a weak relationship, however the correlation between fecundity and gonad weight show a stronger relationship. The present study aim to exhibit additional information on the rare documentation of flyingfish in the country.Item Community structure of riverine mangrove stand in Brgy. Talokgangan, Municipality of Banate, Iloilo ProvinceBelaño, Keith Dominador L. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2001-04)The community structure of riverine mangrove stand in Brgy. Talokgangan, Municipality of Banate, Iloilo was studied. Ten “true” mangrove species representing seven families were encountered in the “mangals” of Balandra creek community in Brgy. Talokgangan. They were Avicennia marina, Avicennia lanata and Avicennia alba representing Family Avicenniaceae; Rhizophora apiculata and Rhizophora mucronata under Family Rhizophoraceae; Sonneratia alba of the Family Sonneratiaceae; Excoecaria agallocha under Family Euphorbiaceae; Camptostemon philippinense of the Family Bombacaceae; one from the Family Meliaceae namely Xylocarpus granatum, and Family Palmae represented by Nypa fruticans. Stand Basal Area was computed highest in Station 1 with 10.22 m2/ha. Station 1 was also the densest among the four stations with a density value of 2533 trees/ha. In terms of data evaluated per zone, the landward zone has a Stand Basal Area of 10.87 m2/ha which is slightly higher than the middle and riverward zones. The middle zone, however, was found to be the densest with 1850 trees/ha. The most dominant station was Station 1 with the highest Index of Dominance of 0.3319, however, was found to be the least diverse station. The highest Index of Diversity was computed in Stations 2 and 3, with diversity indices of 0.8976 and 0.8989 respectively. Avicennia marina was found common in all stations and the most dominant, making it the most important mangrove species. They were found to occupy the whole site, growing abundantly in wide range of conditions from areas frequently inundated by tidal flow in Station 1 to the firmer muddy substratum in the back mangrove areas. Rhizophora apiculata and Rhizophora mucronata was observed to occupy waterlogged soil conditions. Excoecaria agaliocha tend to flourish in firmer muddy substratum in open sites, whereas, Xylocarpus granatum was observed to occupy zones where salinity is lowest in areas rarely affected by tidal flow. Sonneratia alba and Camptostemon philippinense tend to grow in zones directly inundated by tidal flow.Item The effect of seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) as a partial substitute for commercial feed on the growth of chickenBedia, Alma Mae S. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-08)The study determined whether the use of seaweed (Kappaphycus aIvarezii) in different amounts as a partial substitute to commercial feeds would enhance the growth of chickens, reduce feed consumption, increase feed efficiency, and increase profit. The chickens were first fed with commercial broiler starter mash feeds for 15 days. Then, on the 16th day to the 35th day, the chickens were fed with different combinations in 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 ratios of commercial broiler finisher feeds to K. alvarezii. Chickens fed with purely commercial broiler finisher feeds served as the control. Feed consumption, liveweight gain, and feed efficiency were computed every three days, while Profitability was determined at the end of the experimental period. Results showed that the use of K. alvarezii as a partial substitute to commercial broiler finisher feeds in a 1: 1 ratio increased the profit as well as the growth of the chickens, and it is comparable to that in the control (fed with purely commercial broiler finisher feeds). When the amount of K. alvarezii in the feed ration is more than 50% (1:1 ratio), it was observed that it would hamper the growth of the broilers.Item A comparative study of the microorganisms found in the vaginal flora of pill and non pill user by Pap smearBayate, Aimee Sarena L. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-03)This study was conducted to identify and classify the organisms that are present in pill users and non-pill users. It will determine if taking of pills cause changes in the microflora of pill (combined) users and will describe the profile of both pill and non-pill users. The study use 200 prepared smears of the vagina, divided equally to both pill and non-pill users. The slides were collected at Dr. Ricardo Y. Ladrido Memorial Hospital, Lambunao, Iloilo by the family planning physician with the help of the medical technologist. The profile of the patients were also gathered to provide more information about the subjects. The organisms were identified according to their basic morphological characteristic. The results indicate that bacilli which is the normal inhabitant of the vagina is present in 200 samples. Cocci is present in both groups but occure more in women who are pill users. In the parasite group, Trichomonas vaginalis is present in women who are pill user and Candida is present in both groups but occur more in women who are pill users. The test for the estimation of the difference between two proportions reveal that the z values obtained from the experiment falls between the critical region which has a value of 2.58. Such a value indicate that the prevalence of parasites and bacteria are equal among pill and non-pill users.Item A community study of mangroves in Brgy. Caliling, Cauayan, Negros OccidentalBarredo, Sherry Marie P. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2000-03)The species distribution of the mangrove community in Brgy. Caliling, Cauayanz Negros Occidental was studied using the transect line plot method with three plots for each of four stations established. Both stations 1 and 4 were located landward, while stations 2 and 3 were located seaward. Community structure Is described in terms of the following parameters; basal area, number of trees per hectare, importance value, relative density, relative frequency, frequency of species and relative dominance. Variations in these parameters are correlated with physico-chemical factors such as the air, water and soil temperature, water depth, salinity and pH. Ten true species were found In the mangals of the coastal environment of Brgy. Caliling, Cauayan, Negros Occidental. They were Avicennia aiba, Avicennia Janata, Avicennia manna, Campostemon phiiHpinensis, Excoecaria agallocha, Osbomia octodonta, Nipa fruticans, Brugeria cylindrica, Rhizophora apiculata and R. mucronata. Standard Basal Area was highest in Station 3 with 7.54 m/ha. In terms of zonation, the landward zone was found to have the highest Stand Basal Area with 11.15 m/ha. Station 2 had the highest density value of 33.92 %, whereas in terms of zonation, both the middle and seaward zone had the density value of 36.20 %. Avicennia marina was found to be the most dominant species and was observed to occupy sites with hypersaline conditions, in silty clay to muddy substratum, which may or may not be inundated by tidal flow most of the time.Item Community structure of beach forest species in Mag-aba, Pandan, AntiqueBanogon, Tharrah Anne O. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2019-06)The Philippine beach forest is one of the understudied and less-popular important ecosystem that provides great number of food and economic products in the country. In fact, we lost them much earlier than the mangrove community that there is miniscule information is existing about them. There is a need for understanding the forest status and community structure due to the rising threats of natural and anthropogenic factors. The unexplored forest patch in Barangay Mag-aba, Pandan, Antique can provide additional information on beach forest diversity and abundance in the country, thus the need for this study. This study aimed to record the different species and to provide description of the community of beach forest in Mag-aba, Pandan. Specifically, the objectives of this study are (1) identify, describe and classify the beach forest species present in the area, and (2) describe the community structure in terms of species composition, diameter at breast height and stand height, stand basal area, importance value, evenness and Shannon- Weiner Index of Diversity. The transect plot method adopted from English et al (1994) was used to obtained quantitative data. A total of 80 beach forest species representing 41 families were recorded. The family Fabaceae and the species Cocos nucifera dominated the forest community. The stand basal area of 83.24 m2 ha-1 reflects a mature beach forest community, however the community is made up of mostly low DBH classes (saplings and seedling) also indicating a regenerating forest. Mag-aba is characterized to have a low species diversity (H'=1.17), however the individual species are fairly distributed (J'- 0.83). These results are addition to the existing knowledge of beach forest community that would serve as information for conservation measures.Item Decomposition of sugarcane bagasse by TrichodermaBangilan, Ma. Irish P. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-04)Sugarcane bagasse, an end-product after extraction of the juice of the sugarcane, was composted with the aid of Trichoderma, a compost fungus activator which shortens the decomposition process of farm wastes. Decomposition process was observed through the changes in temperature and substrate consistency. An average of 94 days was noted for a complete decomposition of 900 kg bagasse. Analysis of bagasse compost gave 0.78% nitrogen, 4.94% phosphorus, in the form of P2O5 and 1.55% potassium, in the form of K 2O. It showed that composted bagasse is a good source of phosporus but poor in nitrogen and potassium. The compost, nevertheless, can also be a good soil conditioner.Item Karyotype analysis of garlic, Allium sativum L. (Alliales; Alliaceae)Bandiola, Ma. Florma A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-03)The C-metaphase count of Allium sativum L. showed a chromosome number of 2n = 14, consisting of six long and eight short somatic chromosomes categorized into three distinct groups: ten m type chromosomes with centromeres at the median region, two sm type chromosomes with submedian centromere and two st type chromosomes with subterminal centromere, Mitotic index for the species was computed at 16.88%.