Undergraduate Theses
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Item Spontaneous formation of silver nanoparticles in humid acid-rich water of Santa Barbara, IloiloCadelina, Mary Dored Ann D. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2018-06)Humic acid (HA) - rich water of Sta. Barbara, Iloilo is successful in acting as a reducing and capping agent in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). UV-Visible spectroscopy was used to determine the effect of irradiation time, varying HA and AgNO3 concentration, and electrolyte addition. Furthermore, the bactericidal efficacy of AgNPs was evaluated using broth microdilution method. Measurement of AgNPs was done using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Lower irradiation time (10- 40 min) shows an increasing absorbance trend. However, absorbance decreased and showed bathochromic shifts when irradiated at longer times (50-60 min). AgNP formulations of 40 ppm HA with 4 mM AgNO3 and 50 ppm HA with 4 mM AgNO3 showed the highest peak intensity for varying AgNO3 and HA concentration, respectively. These results were found in both irradiated and un-irradiated samples. Aggregation occurred upon the addition of 50 mM, 100 mM, and 500 mM NaCl but was more prominent at 500 mM NaCl. Dialyzed and un-dialyzed AgNPs have bactericidal activity. However, un-dialyzed AgNP was a more effective treatment because it showed a bactericidal activity up to 1:16 dilution for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as compared to the dialyzed AgNPs which showed a bactericidal activity up to 1:4 for S. aureus and 1:8 for E. coli. The dialyzed AgNPs are polydispersed but were mostly small with sizes less than 10 nm based on the TEM image.Item Marketing of sweet pepper in Leon, IloiloCadarin, Eden C. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1998-07)This study describes the marketing system of sweet pepper in Leon, Iloilo. The marketing operations of sweet pepper farmers and middlemen were surveyed. A total of fifty two (52) respondents, were interviewed, forty (40) of which are farmers and twelve (12) are middlemen . The data were based on the recent harvest of the farmers and the last transaction activity of the middlemen. The respondents are from Brgy. Buga and Brgy. Mocol, the top sweet pepper producing barangays in Leon, Iloilo. The farmers received an average P 28.69 per kg of sweet pepper sold. The marketing costs incurred amounted to P 14.19 per kg, which include the pre-sale costs, expenses on tickets, permits, ”arcabala"/bills, depreciation costs on investments and other miscellaneous expenses. The net farm price received by farmers was P 15.50 per kg. The most common problems cited by the farmers in sweet pepper marketing include pests and diseases and the perishability of the product brought about by delayed market. It was recommended that for farmers to increase their production, they need to have irrigation facilities and enough financial capital so that they will not resort to borrowing . Farmers are concern more on the financial aspect of sweet pepper production. The middlemen on the other hand, received a gross margin of P 8.39 per kg. On the average, their marketing costs amounted to P4.34 per kg. The marketing margin they received was P 4.05 per kg. Findings show that the middlemen need to procure sweet pepper in bulk to cover the high marketing costs incurred. Their primary concern is in maintaining the quality of sweet pepper to avoid losses.Item Heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) concentrations of road-deposited sediments within six public plazas in Iloilo CityCaceres, Rizza Daphet E. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2011-04)Contamination from overland transportation is an unavoidable result of urbanization. Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn arc common heavy metals introduced to the environment by transportation. Road-deposited sediment (RDS) samples were collected from six public plazas (Villa Plaza, Molo Plaza, Mandurriao Plaza, Plaza Libertad, Lapaz Plaza and Jaro Plaza) in Iloilo City from March 2010 to May 2010. 0.5M HC1 was used as extractant and heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) concentrations were determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS). The mean concentrations of Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn in road-deposited sediments from six plazas were 8.79 ± 1.93, 40.90 ± 24.21, 60.74 ± 22.32, and 164.25 ± 25.0 mg/kg, respectively. Metal enrichment of Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were approximately xl, x8, x7 and x18 more than the background values respectively. There was no significant temporal variation in metals concentrations of RDS between sampling collections. Generally, RDS from Plaza Libertad has the highest metal concentrations. Cu and Pb metals were highly correlated (R2 = 0.891) indicating possible similar sources. A good correlation (R2 = 0.918) was observed between Pb concentration and the number of vehicles that pass along the plaza per hour. Heavy metal concentrations in sediments from plazas have low hazard quotients but bioaccumulation of metals in the body could cause health effects. Efficiency of digestion procedures varied depending on characteristics, texture and composition of road-deposited sediments. 0.5M HC1 digestion was used because it is simple, cost-effective, time-efficient and it leaches out meaningful amounts of bioavailable metals. Using HC1 as extractant simulates human digestion since human stomach contains HC1 that could leach out metals if road-deposited sediments were ingested.Item Microwave-assisted extraction of sulfated polysaccharide (Fucoidan) from Sargassum oligocystum MontagneCaceres, Kristhia Loren Maree R. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-06)Algae have been a source of food and medicine for humans. It contains sulfated polysaccharides that have been used as drugs. Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide, found in brown algae have received more attention in recent years due to its potential biological properties that are important in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and health industries. Fucoidan was recovered from brown seaweed Sargassum oligocystum Montagne by microwave - assisted extraction (MAE) technology. Different conditions of extraction time (10, 15 and 20 min) at 0.150kW were evaluated and the optimal fucoidan yield was 1.255 ± 0.0068 %, obtained at 20 minutes. Using this condition, a different set of samples was subjected to hot water extraction (HWE) and the average yield was 0.9767 ± 0.0002 %. The extracts from both methods were subjected to physico-chemical tests like gelling temperature, melting temperature, FTIR analysis, total carbohydrate content and total sulfate content. Having gelling and melting temperature values of 32 "C and 91"C for MA extracts and 30 "C and 89 °C for HW extracts showed qualities of a good agar gel. The total carbohydrate contents were 75.31 ± 0.015 % and 74.06 ± 0.0113 %, for MAE and HWE, respectively. It was also observed that the sulfate content of extracted fucoidan decreased with increasing extraction time. This study shows that MAE is an efficient technology to recover fucoidan from Sargassum oligocystum Montagne compared with the conventional heating method. This method provided enhanced extraction efficiency at reduced process time.Item Sexual politics in selected Cuyunon folk songsCabrestante, Ma. Anthea A. (Division of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2017-12)The purpose of this study is to examine the sexual political condition of Cuyunon women as portrayed in the folk songs of Cuyo, Palawan. As one of the studies that examine Philippine folk literature using a feminist lens, this study seeks to uncover how deeply ingrained the patriarchal norms and values are in the Cuyunon and Palaweño society through a sexual political analysis of the Cuyunon folk songs. The analysis of the texts has two parts: the first part analyzes the binary oppositions of gender roles present in the songs, and the second part analyzes the sexual politics in the songs. After the analysis of the songs, it is found out that most of the songs portray traditional gender roles for men and women, and that the perpetuation of gender roles and stereotypes play a big role in the oppression of women. This study has concluded that according to the Cuyunon folk songs. Cuyunon women are only temporarily empowered during the courtship phase, but they still occupy an inferior position in the sexual politics of their society. Furthermore, this study has also concluded that aside from reflecting the patriarchal culture of the Cuyunon society, the Cuyunon folk songs are tools for the propagation and normalization of patriarchal culture as they are sang and heard again and again.Item Framing of 2016 television political advertisementsCabualan, Riza Mae; Lamis, Jira Ela Margarette P.; Medina, Inna Erika E. (Division of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-05)Television political advertisement is the primary means of modern political campaign to communicate with their potential voters. Hence, modern political advertisements are driven with marketing strategies that made a major impact on the outcome of individual election. But scholars find it difficult to understand the effect and effectiveness of these communications and at the same time the persuasive tool being used. This study aims to answer what are the most prominent and the least framing categories used in presidential, vice presidential and senatorial candidates in 2016 television political campaign per position, and when taken as a whole, their attributed significance and implications in the Philippine Political System. It analyzed a total of 21 political campaign ads using the four categories: Emotion, Persuasion, Factual claims and Cinematic style. The study utilized the framing theory under the Agenda Setting by Maxwell McCombs and Donald. Moreover, the study found out that the most prominent category was Emotion. While the least framing category recorded was the category of Factual claims. To further analyze the result, the researchers delve into the Filipino psyche. After a thorough analysis it was found out that Filipinos prefer image over substance, on personality over issues and that media crafted the way it appeals to themItem A content analysis of "Pulso Ng Bayan" segment of TV PatrolCabug, Ma. Christine V.; Diva, Elaine Joy H. (Division of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1993-03)This study is a content analysis of the Pulso ng Bayan segment of T.V. Patrol. A total of twenty episodes were video recorded by the researchers. A self-devised descriptive codesheet was used in analyzing the data. It has been found out that Pulso ng Bayan mostly presents negative characteristics of the Philippine government and the Filipinos. Findings also revealed that majority of the topics dis cussed are government politics, followed by government policy, education, culture, and science, and peace and order. The average length of the Pulso segment is 147.9 seconds per episode. Results also showed that Noli de Castro consumed the highest average length of time. It was also found out that the Pulso ng Bayan segment mostly gives negative evaluations on how the different issues are being assessed.Item An analysis of the factors affecting women's decision to participate in the informal sector of Iloilo CityCabrera, Ma. Luz Sophia L.; Gonzaga, Lenny S. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2004-03)The study looked into the factors affecting women’s decision to participate in either the informal or the formal sector in the City Proper district of Iloilo City. The study has 126 respondents who were randomly chosen from the four barangays of Iloilo City proper namely; General Hughes, Ortiz, Rizal Pala-Pala I, and Rizal Pala- Pala II. Fifty percent of the respondents were women who are working in the informal sector as they are the focus of the study. The other half of the respondents is the women working in the formal sector of the economy. The dependent variable is a dichotomous variable assuming the value of 1 if the respondent prefers working in the informal sector and 0 if otherwise. The independent variable identified for the study are the: age of the respondent, number of years in school, number of children below 7 years of age in the household, civil status, household size, status in the household, household annual income, respondent’s other sources of income. The equation was estimated using binary logistic regression. Multivariate analysis revealed that age of respondent, number of years schooling, number of children below 7 years of age in the household and the status in household are significant within the 5% level of significance. Moreover, the chi- square value of 40.88 which is also significant at 5% level shows that the model is significant in determining the factors affecting the decision to participate in either the informal or the formal sector.Item Negrosanon, indi tikalon: The severed ties between Ilonggo and Negrense identity and the creation of Negrense "Tikalon" stereotypeCaberte, Kizhi G. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2023-07)The Negrense "tikalon" stereotype has acquired popularity in recent years as a result of its virality on numerous social media platforms. The amusing banter between Ilonggos and Negrenses culminated in the return of the long-established "tikalon" stereotype. This piqued the researchers' curiosity in investigating the phenomenon and studying its emergence. This study investigates the "tikalon" stereotype of Negrense identity and how it can be explained using economic scarcity theory. The researchers argues that the Ilonggo people's creation of negative stereotypes about their Negrense neighbors, such as "tikalon" and "hambog" (proud), was a result of their insecurity over their own economic shortcomings in comparison to Negros Occidental’s economic affluence during the 1930s. When the sugar industry prospered in Negros due to a new generation of entrepreneurs who established big plantations at the time, it created a significant gap between Negros Occidental and Iloilo. This study utilizes narrative by Ilonggos in addition to a literary analysis of the works of Ramon Muzones through Ma. Cecilia Locsin-Nava. This paper asserts that Ilonggos who experienced economic deprivation channeled their anxiety and frustrations by creating the stereotypes about Bacolodnon in order to maintain and uphold the preexisting status quo.Item Antidiarrheal activity of Pterocarpus indicus bark extracts using castor oil-induced diarrhea model on miceCabatea, Norberto C. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2010-04)This study evaluated the antidiarrheal activity of the bark of Pterocarpus indicus (Narra). The crude methanolic extract of the bark was subjected to sequential extraction using hexane, DCM, and ethyl acetate. These extracts were tested for antidiarrheal activity in vitro using the castor oil induced diarrhea model in mice employing charcoal tracing method. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was used in determining the chemical constituents present in every extracts using spraying reagents to aid in the visualization of spots. Crude methanolic extract dosage 200 mg/kg body weight is the comparable dosage to the reference drug loperamide (2 mg/kg body weight). The hexane extract was the most active fraction and 200 mg/kg dosage was more effective than with the positive control loperamide (2 mg/kg). No antidiarrheal activity found in the fraction of DCM and ethyl acetate extracts. Phytochemical screening revealed positive tests for tannins, phenolics, terpenes, cardiac glycosides, saponins and reducing sugars in all fractions. Tests for flavonoids and alkaloids, however, were negative.