Undergraduate Theses
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14583/13
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Item Negrosanon, indi tikalon: The severed ties between Ilonggo and Negrense identity and the creation of Negrense "Tikalon" stereotypeCaberte, Kizhi G. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2023-07)The Negrense "tikalon" stereotype has acquired popularity in recent years as a result of its virality on numerous social media platforms. The amusing banter between Ilonggos and Negrenses culminated in the return of the long-established "tikalon" stereotype. This piqued the researchers' curiosity in investigating the phenomenon and studying its emergence. This study investigates the "tikalon" stereotype of Negrense identity and how it can be explained using economic scarcity theory. The researchers argues that the Ilonggo people's creation of negative stereotypes about their Negrense neighbors, such as "tikalon" and "hambog" (proud), was a result of their insecurity over their own economic shortcomings in comparison to Negros Occidental’s economic affluence during the 1930s. When the sugar industry prospered in Negros due to a new generation of entrepreneurs who established big plantations at the time, it created a significant gap between Negros Occidental and Iloilo. This study utilizes narrative by Ilonggos in addition to a literary analysis of the works of Ramon Muzones through Ma. Cecilia Locsin-Nava. This paper asserts that Ilonggos who experienced economic deprivation channeled their anxiety and frustrations by creating the stereotypes about Bacolodnon in order to maintain and uphold the preexisting status quo.Item Conviviality and rebranding the T'nalak Festival's celebration of cultural diversity towards unity in South CotabatoCaaya, Hinz Benedict S., III (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2022-07)The T’nalak Festival in South Cotabato has gained attention in recent years due to its entertaining activities and unique cultural experience. During the festival, the multi- ethnoreligious cultures of the province are being highlighted especially in its street dancing event despite the history of conflicts in Mindanao. With an increasing interest in the festival, this study explores the T’nalak festival in the field of Festival Research particularly on the Cultural Studies perspective. Guided by Gerard Delanty’s Theory on Cultural Encounters specifically the encounter of cultural acceptance and Orly Levy et al’s definition of Cosmopolitanism, this study argues that in South Cotabato’s T’nalak Festival cultural acceptance is actively being reinforced for promoting unity in diversity and cosmopolitanism. Furthermore, this allows the province to utilize the festival in rebranding its image away from a province pictured with conflict and violence to a province of peaceful coexistence. Through an oral interview of festival organizers, initiators, tourism employees, community workers, volunteer, and festival participants along with analyzing government reports, pictures, videos, and existing literatures. This study finds that the T’nalak festival is a conscious effort - an invented tradition for the promotion of harmonious relationship among the multi-ethnoreligious population and a strategy that counters the negative perception about South Cotabato. The festival serves as an avenue for promotion, celebration, education and information, preservation, and unity along with the assertion of the individual local and collective community identities.Item Magandang lalake: A relational study on the level of exposure to the Korean flower boy image and the male K - drama viewers' concept of masculinity and gender performativityBritanico, Hannah D.; Figuracion, Ejay Christine L.; Gelvosa, Alysha Mae S. (Division of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2022-06)The research looks into the relationship between the male K-Drama viewers' level of exposure to the Korean flower boy image and their concept of masculinity and gender performativity, which are both in terms of appearance and demeanor. The flower boy image or the kkonminam represents a soft version of masculinity, which holds the balance of having good looks and proper demeanor, and is often seen portrayed by male K-Drama protagonists. This study is mainly grounded on Gerbner and Gross' Cultivation Theory, which gives emphasis to the media's impact on viewers' attitude and perception based on their amount of exposure. Judith Butler's Gender Performativity then serves as a supporting theory as it gives emphasis to an individual's understanding of gender and how they conduct themselves, as well as the media's role in producing and transmitting ideals of masculinity. This study uses a quantitative research design and uses the correlational method. In the analysis and interpretation of data, Spearman's Rank Correlation is used to answer the study's research problem. The results show that all the variables have a very weak positive relationship. Amongst the variables mentioned, only the level of exposure and gender performativity in terms of demeanor has statistical significance. Overall, the study concludes K-Dramas may have played a role in the respondents' concept of masculinity and gender performativity although there may be external variables involved, and that the media is a gateway for the presentation and recognition of various forms of masculinities.Item International remittances on health expenditures of Filipino householdsBraña, Juan Gabriel P.; Ramirez, Michael Benjamin S. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2024-06)International remittances have become a substantial source of income for recipient households, which are utilized to finance different household expenditures such as consumption expenditures and investments. Previous studies in other countries have determined the impacts of international remittance on households' different expenditure types, but studies on its effect on health expenditures are limited. This study analyzed the marginal effects of international remittances on Filipino households’ health expenditure and its types - medical products, outpatient medical services, and hospital in-patient services, utilizing the 2018 Family and Income Expenditure Survey of the Philippine Statistics Authority. Using the ordinary least squares regression method, the researchers find a positive significant effect of international remittances on household health expenditure and its types. A one PHP increase in international remittances significantly increases the total medical care of a household by 0.026 PHP, the medical products expenditure of a household by 0.014 PHP, the outpatient medical services expenditure of a household by 0.005 PHP, and the hospital in-patient services expenditure of a household by 0.007 PHP. However, the effects of international remittances on Filipino households' health expenditures vary across regions.Item A tale of two pantries: The case of Iloilo City in time of COVID -19 pandemicBolinas, Neil Alfred L. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2022-07)This case study focuses on the community pantries in Barangay Mansaya- Lapuz, Lapuz and Barangay Rizal, La Paz, Iloilo City. Documentation and analysis of the two community pantries were conducted using the data gathered from Key- Informant Interviews and Focus Group Discussions. The simple logic model for Theory of Change (W. K. Kellogg Foundation, 2004) was used as the theoretical framework of the study and guided the analysis. The study showed that two major factors motivated the organization of the pantry. The personal motivations revolved around the organizers’ personal beliefs and principles and the societal motivations includes the increment of poverty and food insecurity experienced by community members. Resources are a vital component of the pantries as this dictates the pantries’ operation and services. The provision of food was the main goal of the pantries, while the objectives focused differently among organizers. During the operations, there are issues and challenges that occurred but were not able to affect the operation of the community pantries. The emergence and operations of the pantry affected community members through their values, practices, and change in socioeconomic conditions. The pantries also produced realizations among the organizers and barangay officials particularly on improving the access to basic needs of the members of the community. The community pantry proved to be significant in addressing food insecurity during crisis times, however the intervention is only a short-term response. Furthermore, the communities are encouraged to address food insecurity guided by needs assessment analysis, strong community engagement, regular budget allocation for the vulnerable families, strong public-partnership, and consistent monitoring and evaluation which are critical components of a community-based food security program learned from their experience.Item Like mother, like daughter: Exploring the mother-daughter relationships and intergenerational early pregnanciesBohos, Maecy Antonette C.; Delgado, Ken Ryan T. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2022-07)This qualitative study is a scientific investigation on the local contexts of intergenerational early pregnancy. It specifically looks into the relationships between mothers and daughters to uncover the underlying social realities that shape the phenomenon. Social Learning Theory is used to frame the study and to assist in the understanding of the mother-daughter relationships and intergenerational early pregnancy. To collect the data, this study used in-depth interviews of 5 motherdaughter dyads (N=10) from two provinces—North Cotabato and Antique. Following the interviews, the data was organized and analyzed using the approach Thematic Network Analysis. The results generated the 4 organizing themes with corresponding basic themes/subthemes: (1) lived experiences during early pregnancy with subthemes reactions to pregnancy, challenges experienced, coping mechanisms, and external support; (2) family dynamics with subthemes family status, physical and emotional distance, and parental monitoring; (3) mother-daughter communication with subthemes conversations, and sexual and reproductive health communication; and (4) daughter's sexual and reproductive health knowledge and behaviors with subthemes sources of SRH education, level of knowledge, and early sexual initiation. The study's findings suggest the need for parent-based or family-centered interventions regarding adolescent sexual and reproductive health. Early pregnancy becoming intergenerational among Filipino families further encourages the cycle of poverty.Item Constraints and challenges on the use of emerging media among public high school teachersBenjamin, Louangel Jei D.; Guillen, Kaya A. (Division of Humanties, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2022-06)When the COVID-19 pandemic hit the Philippines, the Department of Education implemented distance learning which is primarily module-based to accommodate those that do not have the resources. However, literature has shown that teachers still use emerging media in order to communicate with their students. This study aimed to find out the constraints and challenges experienced when using emerging media during distance learning. It was guided by the social presence theory which centers on the differences in the degree of social presence using telecommunications media and how these differences affect the communication in terms of constraints and challenges. Using quantitative research design and a descriptive survey method, public junior high school teachers were given survey questionnaires to report their experiences on the use of emerging media. The results of this study revealed that emerging media plays a significant role despite distance learning being modulebased. The challenges are caused by the digital divide that led to the lack of budget and technological infrastructure while constraints are more concerned with the intimacy and immediacy depending on where the type of emerging media falls on the social presence scale. Overall, the challenges and constraints encountered by the respondents in using emerging media affects the communication and by extension, the teaching and learning experience in distance learning.Item Small farmers' adoption of rice combine harvesters in Binalbagan, Negros OccidentalBayona, Kate Ashley S.; Solano, Mirjana Antoinette (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2024-06)The use of Rice Combine Harvesters (RCH) is currently pushed as part of the country's mechanization program in agriculture. Much of the literature assessing the adoption of RCH only focuses on the tangible determinants of their adoption, but not the in-depth sociological lived experience of farmers following their adoption, including their nuanced rationalization amidst the process. This study investigated the RCH adoption among small farmers in Binalbagan, Negros Occidental, specifically delving into the (1) characteristics of farmers, (2) drivers of RCH adoption, (3) challenges faced during adoption, (4) nature of frequency and consistency of RCH use, and (5) adjustment strategies in using the RCH pursued through descriptive phenomenology and an in-depth interview of 12 participants through purposive sampling. Thematic analysis revealed that the small farmers belong to the early majority adopter category whose adoption is highly facilitated by membership in Irrigators’ Associations and lack of manual laborers. The regularity of their usage also depended on climate, laborers, topography, and farm systems and confronted issues with wastage, additional cost and labor, and field damage to RCH that was mitigated through mediating previous and current farm set ups and maintaining affirmative social relationships within the community. These findings depict the complexities in small fanners’ RCH adoption and the intricacies of their receptivity in each region calling for larger analysis of RCH adoption in the country to know its general status and underscores the need for the implementation and development of national policies like technology diffusion to be contextually sensitive and pro-farmers.Item Impacts of DOH-led policy shifts on health workers and Iloilo public hospitals' management at the time of COVID-19Bauso, Christopher Mark C.; Dayata, Audrey Eurielle G.; Niñeza, Tristan L.; Zaldarriaga, Trisha I. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2023-07)This study explored the actual policy shifts in public hospitals in Iloilo Province during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic, from January to June 2020. The study looked into how the implementation of the DOH-crafted policies impacted healthcare delivery, the health workforce, and response to the care-seeking behavior of the patients. Key informant interviews (KII) and semi-structured interviews were employed among the hospital management and the frontline workers of Rep. Pedro G. Trono Memorial Hospital and DOH-retained Western Visayas Sanitarium and General Hospital to gather data for the study. The KJI were participated in by the hospital chiefs and the IPC heads. Meanwhile, doctors, nurses, medical technologists, admitting clerks, and non-medical health workers were respondents of semi-structured interviews to determine the impacts of the new policies. Conforming to the available literature on pandemic response, this study revealed that optimal conditions were not readily achieved in the public hospitals under this study, mainly due to lack of resources to materialize the DOH-mandated changes. The policies were not fit to the current structure and service capacity of the hospitals and health workers carried the burden of ensuring adequate delivery of care. We discovered that health workers were exhaustively working despite the lack of government support in terms of benefits, compensation, and hazard pays. Furthermore, health workers encountered difficulties in rendering immediate care to patients who initially avoided hospital care resulting in an increased number of recorded ER deaths. Overall, we observed that the hospitals were able to keep up with the policy shifts through exploring feasible alternatives. However, DOH-retained institutions garner more favorable outcomes than public district hospitals since resources were directly transferred to them from the DOH Regional Office. Crafting context-specific policies addressing public health crises is recommended following the results of this study.Item Sa ginhalinan it Akean: A postcolonial analysis on the Talibong Tradition of the Taong Labas of the Municipalities of Libacao, Madalag, and Malinao, in the province of AklanBautista, Theodore Ricardo R. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2022-06)The Talibong is a fighting bolo of the Panay Bukidnon of the Central Panay mountain range, but is also common among the lowland agricultural communities in Aklan. Often characterized by carvings on its hilt and ornaments such as old coins embedded on its sheath, the Talibong is part of the daily attire of the Akeanon Bukidnon who live in the interiors of Libacao, Madalag, and Malinao; a hinterland people who, historically, have been ‘othered’ by the predominantly Christian lowlanders and branded with derogatory terms such as buyongs (savages/bandits), buki (rustic/uneducated), or mundos (of the mountains). As of the present, the Province of Aklan has made the Talibong into one of the key symbols of Akeanon cultural heritage - with it now being displayed in the offices of local government officials and representing the province in digital posters promoting Akeanon culture for ecotourism. By viewing the history of upland-lowland relations in the province through Francis Gealogo’s concept of the Taong Labas and Gayatri Spivak’s theory of ‘othering’, this thesis looks into how these hinterland communities were ‘othered’ during the colonial period up to contemporary times; identifying how the Talibong had once become a defining representation of a perceived savagery, backwardness, and culture of violence ascribed to these communities by those in the town centers. With the use of archival sources pertaining to accounts of these hinterland peoples in the late 19th century up to the present and key informant interviews with elders from the town centers and the very cultural bearers of the tradition, this thesis points out that the hinterland peoples of the interiors of Libacao, Madalag, and Malinao are historically the Taong Labas of Aklan, whose Talibong tradition has been appropriated by the centers, in their bid to construct a genuine local identity built upon the notion of indigeneity.