Undergraduate Theses
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Item Effects of alginate coating loaded with lemongrass essential oil-cyclodextrin inclusion complex on the postharvest quality of calamansi(Citrus microcarpa)Astorga, Krizzia Anne B. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2018-06)Calamansi (Citrus microcarpa) is locally grown in the Philippines and is considered to be an important commodity because of its wide range of uses. Losses of this fruit in the country already reached up to 30% because of postharvest degradation. To address this problem, three coating treatments (1% alginate, 1% alginate loaded with lemongrass essential oil-B-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, and 1% alginate loaded with lemongrass essential oil-hp-B-cyclodextrin inclusion complex) were made for the purpose of examining their potential in the preservation of the postharvest quality of calamansi. Quality parameters such as color and weight loss of calamansi, as well as pH, FTIR spectra, total soluble solids, and titratable acidity of the fruit juice were evaluated in a span of 15 days at room temperature storage. Results show that the prepared edible coatings did not significantly preserve the postharvest quality of calamansi (p > 0.05) as coated samples resulted to earlier appearances of yellow and brown peel color, higher weight loss percentages, pH, and total soluble solids content. Out of the three coating treatments, fruit samples coated with 1% alginate resulted to lower weight loss percentages, pH, TSS, and TA. Fruit samples coated with 1% alginate loaded with lemongrass essential oil-hp-B-cyclodextrin inclusion complex resulted to the highest pH, TSS, and TA, while those coated with 1% alginate loaded with lemongrass essential oil-B-cyclodextrin inclusion complex resulted to the highest weight loss percentages. Data on the titratable acidity weren’t conclusive since the results obtained were not in agreement to the expected outcome. The ineffectiveness of the coatings may be a result of unfavorable storage conditions and incompatibility of the coating materials or formulations on the calamansi.Item Mud crab (Scylla serrata) shells for the removal of humic acids from Santa Barbara well waterAsdillo, Reina Jean A. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2010-04)The chemical contamination of drinking water from a wide range of contaminants such as humic acids can potentially lead to health-related in living organisms, especially humans. In rural areas of the Philippines, the use of low cost methods to remove water pollutants is, therefore, of great interest. In this study, osterized mud crab (Scylla serrata) shells or exoskeletons from cooked crab wastes were used to remove humic acids from the Santa Barbara well water. Adsorption experiments were done to evaluate its capacity to remove humic acids from the well water. Adsorption Isotherms and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy were employed to study the characteristics of the adsorption of humic acids onto the OSSE (osterized Scylla serrata exoskeletons). Adsorption experiments showed that at an average 1.0010 g of OSSE and after six hours of agitation, an average 74.95% of humic substances were removed from 50 mL of Montinola, Santa Barbara well water sample. Isotherm experiments showed that the experimental data can be fitted in both Langmuir and Freundlich models with low K values of 0.0235 L/mg and 0.4450 (mg/g)(L/mg), respectively. Based on the results of the above experiments, OSSE is a good adsorbent for humic acids in well waters (although more research need to be done on the removal of the substances remaining in the water after OSSE treatment) and the U-OSSE (used osterized Scylla serrata exoskeletons) can possibly be recycled.Item Consciousness of feminism in selected movies among college studentsArtuz, Shara Mae F.; Reyes, Rika Jane T.; Villa, Mae Anne F. (Division of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-05)The study seeks to know the common level of consciousness of feminism in selected films among college students. It anchors on Muzafer Sherifs Social Judgment Theory that sets responses to stimuli along the latitudes of acceptance, non-commitment and rejection. Parallel to this theory, consciousness of feminism is measured as high level, which means the audiences accept and identify the concept of feminism being present in the films included in this study; medium level, which means the audiences find the concept of feminism objectionable in the films included in this study; and low level, which represents that audience does not accept and identify the concept of feminism being present in the films included in this study. The study employs a survey questionnaire given to 353 students of the University of the Philippines Visayas. Results show that over 73% of the respondents have high consciousness level. It is concluded in this study that majority of the students in UP Visayas are highly conscious of feminism in feminist-themed films; are conscious of the concept of feminism or can easily identify it in feminist-themed movies.Item Preparation and characterization of chitin-humic acid hybrid and chitin-humic acid hybrid hydrogel as absorbent for Cu(II)Balgos, Blyth Angela C. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2017-06)Gelatinous chitin was functionalized with humic acid to produce a chitinhumic acid hybrid. The gelatinous chitin was protonated using HC1 and humic acid was deprotonated by using NaOH in separate containers. The protonated gelatinous chitin and the deprotonated humic acid were then mixed to form Hie chitin-humic acid hybrid. A portion of the chitin-humic acid hybrid was used to prepare the chitin-humic acid hydrogel. The chitin-humic acid hybrid hydrogel was then prepared using 1,2,3,4- butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride(BTCA) as crosslinker. The chitin-humic acid hybrid hydrogel was then characterized using FT-IR and swelling test. The degree of swelling of the chitin-humic acid hydrogel was found to be 38.10 ± 3.06. It can also be inferred from the results of the swelling test that the chitin-humic acid hybrid hydrogel has a low crosslink density. Characterization by FT-IR suggested successful immobilization for the hybrid and BTCA crosslinking for the hydrogel. The potential of chitin-humic acid hybrid and chitin-humic acid hybrid hydrogel to adsorb Cu(II) in a solution was then evaluated. The process was done by subjecting the chitin-humic acid hybrid to Cu(II) adsorption. The results for Cu(II) adsorption test was subjected to a Shapiro- Wilk test for normality and was determined to have normally distributed data. One- sample T-test was then used to compare the adsorption capacity of the hybrid and hydrogel. The mean % Cu(II) Removal of the chitin-humic acid hybrid and chitinhumic acid hybrid hydrogel were 41.36 ± 2.35% and 51.21 ± 1.32%, respectively. Results suggested that the chitin-humic acid hybrid hydrogel has significantly higher % Cu(II) Removal compared to the chitin-humic acid hybridItem Comparison of protein quality of three seaweed species (Sargasum polycystum, Sargasusum oligocystum and Ulva pertusa) from Panay and Guimaras Island, Philippines for potential use in milkfish feedArnaiz, Regina Marielle T. (Division of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-06)Aquafeed production is the largest expenditure in intensive aquaculture operations, contributing to about 40-60% of total costs (Yildrim et al., 2009; Akiyama et al., 1992 cited in Ali et al., 2009). This is mostly due to the ingredients being used, particularly the protein source fishmeal (Millamena, 2002). The variable and finite supple of fishmeal, however, result in high costs, prompting the search for cheaper alternative ingredients as a priority in cost reduction practices regarding the production of aquafeeds (Attala and Mikhail, 2008). Seaweeds have known nutritional values, and are naturally abundant in Philippine waters, thus their potential could be tapped to reduce costs in aquaculture and could therefore maintain the sustainability of the industry (Shields and Lupatsch, 2012; Trono, 1999). In this study, the protein quality of two brown seaweeds (Sargassum polycystum and Sargassum oligocystum) and one green seaweed (Ulva pertusa) was evaluated by determining their crude protein content, inhibitory activities against trypsin and chymotrypsin, and in vitro protein digestibility. Among the three species, the green seaweed U. pertusa has the highest crude protein content at 23.43%. The obtained crude protein content was 8.28% for S. polycystum and 9.22% for S. oligocystum. Trypsin inhibition of the seaweeds ranged from 54-57%, and chymotrypsin inhibition was from 57-64%. Total phenolic content (TPC) was highest in S. polycystum, and lowest in S. oligocystum. In vitro protein digestibility action of milkfish gut enzyme was highest in S. oligocystum (92.30 ± 2.80), followed by the observed digestibility in U. pertusa (75.01 ± 2.14), and lowest in S. polycystum (64.99 ± 8.11). Determination of Pearson's correlation (r) showed a negative correlation (r=-0.99, p=0.08) existing between the TPC and %RPD values. Based on the results, among the threes species, U. pertusa with 23.43% crude protein content and a %RPD of 75.01% has a potential for partial inclusion in aquafeeds to reduce costs.Item A novel water-in-oil-in-water emulsion to encapsulate antibacterial agentsBalcarcel, Angelica V. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2018-06)Encapsulating bioactive compounds can protect them from adverse conditions. This study aimed to encapsulate bioactive agents in a stable multiple emulsion system using a material that can be recovered easily from a product abundant here in the country. Results of the study revealed that the method of encapsulation used is effective in encapsulating and releasing the bioactive compound encapsulated. The antibacterial activity determination showed that encapsulated chlorhexidine is effective against both S. aureus and E. coli bacteria. Further investigation was made by encapsulating aqueous guava (Psidium guajava) extract in the same emulsion system (water-in-oil- in-water) using recovered coconut milk protein (CMP) as a gelling agent. The evaluation of the stability of the emulsions revealed that the treatment with 40% guava extract in the aqueous phase of its primary emulsion (Emulsion 3) is the most stable among the other treatments. This treatment showed the smallest droplet size range and most uniformed droplet sizes. The creaming index of this treatment also showed the lowest values after three (3) weeks of storage. On the other hand, the treatment with 60% guava extract in the aqueous phase of its primary emulsion (Emulsion 4) appeared to be the most stable against heating. However, no antibacterial activity was observed for any of the emulsion systems both S. aureus and E. coli bacteria. Additional test revealed that the bioactive compound present in the plant extract was disrupted by the sonication processItem Court-annexed mediation: Fair and speedy administration of justice in the PhilippinesBaes, Marty V. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2010-04)The Philippine Judicial System experiences a problem characterized by clogged court dockets. Courts are having a hard time in resolving the cases brought before them. Court-annexed mediation (CAM) was adopted to supplement the traditional due process (DPL) method of resolving cases. To understand how CAM speeds up the administration of justice, the CAM and DPL method was compared to determine the differences in the length of time and the amount of resources spent for case resolution. Interviews, archival research, and participant observations were conducted. The results revealed that CAM resolve cases in a short period of time involving lesser amount of resources spent compared to the DPL method. Though CAM proves to be a speedy and expedient method of case resolution, it is not yet able to solve the problem of clogged court dockets for the reason that it is still a new method of resolving cases.Item Determination of heavy metal (Cu, Cd, and Pb) concentration in musclemeat of fish from different areas in Batan Bay, AklanBagarinao, Cathrina F. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2014-04)Food safety is of utmost importance but it is usually compromised by the presence of pollutants in the environment such as heavy metals. This study was conducted to investigate heavy metals concentrations in fish musclemeat collected from different areas of Batan Bay, Aklan. A total of 22 fish species were analyzed for Cu, Cd and Pb using Flame Atomic Absorbance Spectroscopy. Pb concentration in the musclemeat of fish ranged from 0.0292 ± 0.2070- 2.09 ±1.15 mg/kg wet weight and was found to be highest in Mugil cephalus (flathead grey mullet), while Cd concentration ranged from 0.0075 ± 0.0016-0.157 ± 0.209 mg/kg wet weight with highest value in Megalops cyprinoides (Indo-pacific tarpon), and Cu concentration ranged from 0.0605 ± 0.0667-2.76 ± 0.05 mg/kg wet weight, with highest concentration in Leiognathus equulus (common ponyfish). Among the metals, only Pb concentration in flathead grey mullet exceeded the maximum permissible concentration in food as indicated by the Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius (1984). Assessment of Noncarcinogenic Hazard Quotient (NHQ) gave NHQ values less than 1, indicating that the risk of developing adverse effects due to fish intake is low.Item The effects of RA 9136 (EPIRA) on organizational effectiveness: A descriptive comparative case study of Iloilo Electric CooperativeBagundang, Farizah Joy P. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2012-04)The national energy problem led to the reform of the Philippine power industry through RA 9136 of 2001 (EPIRA), aimed at improving energy supply and lowering electricity rates through private sector participation in service delivery. This study examined the case of Iloilo Electric Cooperative (ILECO) 1, one of the largest cooperatives in the Province of Iloilo, in evaluating the effects of institutional reform to organizational effectiveness. The study utilized key informant interviews to obtain primary data on institutional reforms and community survey to gather primary data on ILECO 1’s services and consumer welfare. A total of 132 residential and commercial respondents in the Municipality of Miagao, randomly selected based on the total number of registered businesses and household population of barangay, participated in a community survey. The results posit that centralization, instead of decentralization, improves organizational efficiency. Nevertheless, decentralization improved consumers’ access to electricity while restructuring improved the cooperative’s access to energy supply. However, decentralization and restructuring are ineffective in lowering electricity rates and in responding to consumer complaints. Despite this, survey shows that the cooperative’s performance significantly improved today than five years ago. This study contributes to the understanding of the national problem on energy and on the effectiveness of institutional reforms.Item They called me a slut: The process of shaming and its influence on the self-concept and sexual reputation of teenage girlsBahinting, Grace Katrina F. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2017-06)This phenomenological study explored women’s slut-shaming experiences in school, how they managed the ‘slut’ label and how the label influenced their selfconcept and sexual reputation. Three college students from Bacolod City, Negros Occidental were interviewed for this project. The participants aged 18-23 years have experienced slut-shaming incidents in school. The methodology for this study consisted of conducting in-depth interviews exploring the slut-shaming experiences of the participants and Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale to measure the participants’ current self-esteem. The data gathered on the experiences encountered by slut-shamed girls were recorded, transcribed and analyzed using the Bedevilment and Labeling Process by John Curra (1994). The results of the study showed that factors which led to slut-shaming includes individual characteristics, flirting style and sexual activity. Two forms of slut-shaming experiences in school emerged from the data gathered: being gossiped and ostracism. Furthermore, the label management of the participants which includes embracing, ignoring and moving away from the label, were influenced by the degree of importance of the labellers and the girls' own perception of a slut. The data showed that the shamed individuals had positive and negative self-concept after shaming and was seen as someone who was sexually dirty. In conclusion, the influence of shaming to the girls’ self-concept varies depending on how the shamed individual manages the slut label.