Undergraduate Theses

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Comparison of direct microscopy and concentration techniques using household bleach for the detection of acid-fast bacilli in sputum
Bernabe, John Marvin S.; Biaoco, Beverly G.; Castillanes, Melvic A.; Fernandez, Ia Jean F.; Geraldoy, Ruffa V.; Molina, Ryge Albert D.; Pluma, Zyra April D.; Que, Agnes Karen B.; Servidad, Mercy Jeane C.; Tamayo, Kyria Mae Marre P. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2008-03-29)
Several published studies have demonstrated that the sedimentation and centrifugation concentration techniques which utilize sodium hypochlorite are more efficient in detecting acid fast bacilli in sputum smears compared to the conventional direct smear method. This study was conducted to (1) compare the proportion of AFB-positive samples by direct microscopy with the household bleach centrifugation concentration technique; (2) compare the proportion of AFB-positive samples by direct microscopy with the household bleach sedimentation concentration technique;(3) compare the proportion of AFB-positive samples by household bleach sedimentation with the centrifugation concentration techniques; and (4) compare the cost of the direct smear method, centrifugation concentration technique, and sedimentation concentration technique for detection of AFB. Sputum specimens were collected from TB-DOTS clinics in Miag-ao and San Joaquin, Iloilo and from Medicus laboratories in Iloilo City. The specimens were then processed through the direct smear method, centrifugation concentration method, and sedimentation concentration method. Out of 174 sputum samples included in this study, results revealed that (1) there was no significant difference in the proportions of AFB-positive slides detected using the direct microscopy and centrifugation concentration technique; (2) there was no significant difference in the proportions of AFB-positive slides detected using the direct microscopy and sedimentation concentration technique; (3) there was no significant difference in the proportions of AFB-positive slides detected using the centrifugation and the sedimentation concentration techniques; and (4) simple cost analysis of the three methods suggests that the direct smear method is the most cost efficient. The findings indicate that whichever method is used would yield almost the same proportions of AFB-positive slides. Internal quality control should be maintained throughout the laboratory work to obtain reliable results, as it is the manner of processing that determines the outcome of this study and its validity.
Karyotype analysis of Kutsay Allium odoratum L. (Alliales: Alliaceae)
Bermejo, Jo-am Asis (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1995-05)
The C-metaphase count of Allium odoratum revealed that the chromosome number was 2n=32, consisting of the following centromeric groups based on Levan's method of chromosome classification: Group I chromosomes with subterminal centromeres (1 pair); Group II with submedian centromeres (2 pairs), and Group III with median centromeres (13 pairs). The mean total lengths of chromosome ranged from 8.534±0.504-16.624±0.600 μ. Mitotic index for the species was found to be 10.87%.
A study on the preference of the UPV Social Science student between violence and non-violence as a progress on change in the Philippine society
Berlin, Sharon Joy (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1983-04)
The study was conducted among 100 students of the Division of Social Sciences, University of the Philippines in the Visayas, Iloilo City. It attempted to answer the following questions: 1. Violence and Non-violence: which would the students prefer in changing society? 2. Is their preference related to some observable factors like sex, religiousity and family income? 3. What is the attitude of students towards the present government? The respondents were almost unanimous (94%) in their belief that Philippine society needs social changes. Moreover, they perceived the monopoly of power by the few’ as the primary problem of the nation. In the question of political preferences between the different methods of social transformation a considerable number (59%) preferred the use of both violent and nonviolent conduct in effecting changes. When factors like sex, religiousity and family income, were subjected to Chi —Square test, the result is as follows: 1. Female students were not politically less violent than their male counterparts. 2. The more religious the student the less likely he is violent. 3.High family income do not necessarily produce a preference on non-violent method. As to the third question, "What is the attitude of students towards the present Government?", there was a high (91%) percentage that the present government works for the service of the few. A moderate number (52%) believed that the government can not solve the country’s problem, but in terms of the national leadership, a considerable number (61%) categorized it as fairly responsive.
Gender analysis on the modes and extent of participation in Community-based Fishery Resource Management (CFRM) project in Malalison island, Culasi, Antique
Benliro, Patriana Z P.; Eraste, Concepcion E. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2003-03)
A Gender Analysis on the Modes and Extent of Community Participation on CFRM in Malalison Island, Culasi, Antique was conducted in June 2002-Feruary 3003. The study aimed to determine the modes and extent of participation in Community- based Coastal Resource Management through the Community-based Fishery Resource Management (CFRM) Project using Program Monitoring with interview and focused group discussion. The difference on the modes and extent of participation of sex and membership in the association was also assessed. The study found out that male and female modes of participation in CFRM had no significant difference. The difference was in the extent of their participation, which was caused by the social roles they played. On the other hand membership in the organization was found to be a significant variable in analysing the modes and extent of participation.
A survey study on the motivations, gender roles and gender perspectives of elected women officials in Iloilo Province from 1988-1992
Belloga, NC C. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1995-12-12)
One hundred elected Iloggas from 28 municipalities of Iloilo Province were interviewed to define their demographic profile, motivations in joining the electoral politics, gender roles, and perspectives based on selected sociopolitical gender issues. This study revealed that most of the respondents are married, aged 40 to 74, have an average of 4- 5 children. Majority of them acquired secondary education, and only 28% are degree holders with female gender courses such as BS Nursing, BS Education, and BS Commerce. Most of these women entered politics in 1988, and most of them came from political clans in their municipalities. All of them joined civic or religious organizations in their municipality. Majority of the respondents supported or initiated government projects during their term of office in the areas of beautification, sanitation, health, and environment arid mostly are geared towards the upliftment of the standard of living in their areas. This study established that most of the respondents performed traditionally female gender roles such as housekeepers, wives and mothers. They also assumed male gender roles such as elected public servant and farmer. Only a few performed non-gender roles such as being a student and engaged in business. Majority of them assumed a triple role? by simultaneously fulfilling their domestic reproduction, production and community management obligations. Majority of these women officials were initially motivated to join politics by their desire to serve the people. Most of them are hesitant to join because they lack political knowledge and public service experience. However, despite of their hesitations, these women decided to run for public office because of the assured support given by their family and friends. Majority of these women did not perceive that their being women marginalizes them in politics. Instead, they view such factor victory which proved that constituents preferred them over leading to their male candidates. Most of these women did not perceive that politics is a man's world with reference to the success of Cory Aquino and Miriam Santiago as female politicians. Majority of then? qualified their opinion on woman's exclusive dominion of home, arguing that women cam only go beyond their household duties if they know they are capable to perform public functions. They define their gender role in Philippine society as helpers, assistants and character molders of the youth. Majority of these women also qualified their opinion on the equality of men and women, asserting that in terms of physical capabilities men are more superior and in areas such as home management arid child tearing. Majority of these women did not perceive that Filipino society is a male-biased society. They view women as capable of occupying national political positions ar?d bias numeric advantage over men. However, majority agreed that Filipino women occupy subordinate roles to men in society because women are weak, less aggressive, receive insufficient support, and have scarce opportunities. Most of the respondents find politics difficult, especially in settling disputes. They contend that once they gained the? respect, of their constituents, they feel competent to tackle the tasks. It is evident that women politicians still adhere to the patriarchal belief and have unresolved gender definition, which are contributory factors to the discrimination of women in politics.
Social responsibility on the use of media technology
Beloya, Marian Kristina C.; Camancho, Rea Micah C.; Perez, Mary Lydannie V.; Villanueva, Ma. Emilie M. (Division of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2005-10-21)
This study is about responsibility on the use of media technology specifically cellular phones. The study is done through a survey measuring on respondents’ behavior and awareness of social responsibility pertaining to the use of cellular phone. Residents of UPV Miagao dormitories (Balay Apitong, Balay Gumamela, Balay Lampirong, Balay Kanlaon, and Balay Madyaas) were chosen as respondents to the study. The results of the study show that the respondents are Aware of their social responsibility but they are Sometimes responsible in using their cellular phone and as senders and receivers. Therefore, the UPV Miagao dormitory residents are Quite Socially Responsible on the use of media technology specifically cellular phones.
The role of key actors in the promotion of local community development: The case of KALAHI-CIDSS projects in Janiuay, Iloilo
Bartolome, Carie Fel M.; Sotrina, Emalyn S. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2008-03)
This research is centred on the research problem - what are the roles of the key actors in the promotion of local community development in the case of the Kapit-bisig Laban Sa Kahirapan-Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services (Kalahi-Cidss) projects in the municipality of Janiuay. Iloilo. Firstly, there is a need to explain local community development in the Kalahi-Cidss projects in Janiuay. Iloilo. Next, the paper proceeds to describe the resources that are being employed in Kalahi-Cidss in Janiuay in order to meet its goals. Then, the paper directs on the description of the roles of the key actors in the Kalahi-Cidss projects in Janiuay, Iloilo. The last objective of this paper is to describe the developmental outcomes brought by the projects to the people of Janiuay. The research problem and objectives of the paper were addressed through desk research, secondary material review, project site inspection, informal interviews with the barangay residents, and key informant interview with the Kalahi-Area Coordinator in Janiuay. The method of triangulation was used to avail more complete and more reliable data with less validity threats. It was found out that the Kalahi-Cidss is the flagship program of the Philippine government in addressing poverty in the country. Its foundation lies on the understanding that when people are empowered, they have the capability to spare themselves from poverty. Resources being employed in order to meet the goals of the project were categorized into proximate and non-proximate interventions. Three barangays in Janiuay were studied. The roles of the key actors in each barangay were described in the paper. The roles of the key actors in the three barangays were compared with each other and assessed in relation to the success of the Kalahi-Cidss projects in each respective community. Key actors involved in the projects were the barangay officials and the local community. The project success and developmental outcomes depended largely on how these two actors collaborated with each other. However, most essential in the actual process was how the former performed their task as leaders of the community. Barangay officials are the initiators of local community development through the Kalahi-Cidss.
Level and areas of occupational aspiration of street children in Iloilo City Proper as affected by their ordinal position, size of family and educational level
Barrios, John E. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-03)
This is a study on the "effect of ordinal position, size of family and educational level on the level and areas of occupational, aspiration of street children in Iloilo City Proper. The study hypothesizes that there is no significant relationship in the level and areas of occupational aspiration of street children of varied ordinal position, size of family and educational level. Chi-Square test for independence was used to find out if there is a significant relationship between the variables at 0-05 level of significance. The results show that street children in Iloilo City Proper aspire for high level occupations failing into areas under Science, Technology and Culture—related :most of them are. middle children, enrolled in the primary level and come from big families. The study suggests future researchers on the level and areas of occupational aspiration of street children should take into consideration the street children's performance in- school and the programs conducted by agencies concerned, especially those with their education and family therapy-
Batog kag Aya-ay: The politics of ecological consciousness of the presidents of Barangay Pantalan President Roxas, Capiz
Bañez, Ma. Arve (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1992-03-01)
This study examines the folk consciousness on the environment of the residents of Barangay Pantalan, President Roxas, Capiz. A combination of the etic and emic approaches in social sciences was used to make sense out of the informations gathered from the field. This study also identifies Man as Master of Nature, Man and Nature in Antagonism, Man in Harmony with Nature, and Nature as Sacred as the different relationships between human being and Nature. These different relationships between human being and Nature are contained- in the two broad opposing rationalities, namely, Speciesism and Environmentalism. An ethnocartography of Barangay Pantalan is constituted in this study using the folk sense of direction and orientation. In addition, the study examines the folk beliefs and practices built around man-made structure, sea, and the flora and the fauna. This study concludes with a discussion of the politics of environmentalism. Human being does not dominate Nature nor Nature dominates human being in this politics of environmentalism. The same politics embodies ethical dimensions which check the drift toward the destruction of the environment.
Public utility jeepney drivers in Bacolod City, Negros Occidental: Socio-economic conditions and income differentials analysis
Banagodos Lorena Joy P. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1997-04)
Benchmark information was sought regarding the socioeconomic conditions of jeepney drivers and their households from a sample of 111 respondents in Bacolod City, Negros Occidental. This profile focused on their socio-demographic and housing characteristics as well as their household expenditure patterns. Several aspects of the driving occupation was also discussed. Income differentials analysis was also used to determine the factors that significantly accounted for the variability in driving income. Drivers were mainly composed of married and middle-aged men, majority of whom were high school graduates. Average household size was from 4—5 members with the father—driver as the only earning family member. Income from jeepney driving accounted for over half of the monthly total household income, averaging at P4,039.73. Drivers houses were made of GI roofs, and wooden outer walls. Most of the sample personally owned their housing units but were squatting on other people's lands. Their houses were equipped with electricity for lighting, LPG for cooking, manual pumps for drinking water and exclusive waste—sealed toilets. Food accounted for over 607. of the driving households' expenditures followed by education, utilities, and medical care. Out of their expenditures, the driving households were still able to save less than 10%. of their total incomes. Operator driver households had higher expenditure levels than boundary driver households. On the average, the drivers' total expenditures were higher than the 1996 inflated food and poverty thresholds. Their income-expenditure patterns reveal a discrepancy of P1414.21 between their total household income and total household expenditures which means that drivers' households have higher chances of increasing their savings levels. Driving experience averaged at 16 years. Consisting mainly of boundary drivers, majority of the sample — fueled jeepneys. Striking rounds were mostly done during peak hours (7-9 AM, 11-1 PM, and 4-7 PM) while parking rounds were done during lean hours (9-11 AM and 1-3 PM). Drivers were largely free to choose how long and how often to work in a day or week. They drove for six days weekly and averaged nine hours per day. Passing by 10-16 schools, jeepneys which traversed four routes (Bata-Libertad, Shopping-Libertad, Banago—Libertad , and Mandalagan-Libertad jeepneys) had relatively higher mean incomes than the rest of the sample. Boundary drivers had higher reported boundary fees and lower daily incomes than operator drivers. The sample's average driving income breaks even with the daily poverty threshold for a family of six members. Only 36% had SSS memberships. Drivers largely shouldered the vulcanizing, fuel, association membership fees and traffic violation penalties of utility vehicles while operators largely assumed its expenses for vehicle-related violations, spare parts, repair, and maintenance needs.The subject-respondents considered the small volume of passengers on some routes, the high cost of penalties from traffic violations, the unscrupulous apprehensions of traffic enforcers, the proposed traffic rerouting scheme and the labor—intensiveness of the occupation as some of its most pressing problems. The postulated regression model was determined to be highly significant with an F-computed value of 7.964. The t-test and p- values, likewise, indicated four independent variables ( number of schools passed, the capacity of the vehicle, the number of strikes per day, and the type of driver) to be significant and accounted for about 397. of the variability in driving income.

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