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Undergraduate Theses

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14583/13

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Committee Chair: search.filters.chair.Ticao, Cynthia J.SDG: search.filters.sdg.SDG 10 - Reduced inequalities

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    A survey study on the motivations, gender roles and gender perspectives of elected women officials in Iloilo Province from 1988-1992
    Belloga, NC C. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1995-12-12)
    One hundred elected Iloggas from 28 municipalities of Iloilo Province were interviewed to define their demographic profile, motivations in joining the electoral politics, gender roles, and perspectives based on selected sociopolitical gender issues. This study revealed that most of the respondents are married, aged 40 to 74, have an average of 4- 5 children. Majority of them acquired secondary education, and only 28% are degree holders with female gender courses such as BS Nursing, BS Education, and BS Commerce. Most of these women entered politics in 1988, and most of them came from political clans in their municipalities. All of them joined civic or religious organizations in their municipality. Majority of the respondents supported or initiated government projects during their term of office in the areas of beautification, sanitation, health, and environment arid mostly are geared towards the upliftment of the standard of living in their areas. This study established that most of the respondents performed traditionally female gender roles such as housekeepers, wives and mothers. They also assumed male gender roles such as elected public servant and farmer. Only a few performed non-gender roles such as being a student and engaged in business. Majority of them assumed a triple role? by simultaneously fulfilling their domestic reproduction, production and community management obligations. Majority of these women officials were initially motivated to join politics by their desire to serve the people. Most of them are hesitant to join because they lack political knowledge and public service experience. However, despite of their hesitations, these women decided to run for public office because of the assured support given by their family and friends. Majority of these women did not perceive that their being women marginalizes them in politics. Instead, they view such factor victory which proved that constituents preferred them over leading to their male candidates. Most of these women did not perceive that politics is a man's world with reference to the success of Cory Aquino and Miriam Santiago as female politicians. Majority of then? qualified their opinion on woman's exclusive dominion of home, arguing that women cam only go beyond their household duties if they know they are capable to perform public functions. They define their gender role in Philippine society as helpers, assistants and character molders of the youth. Majority of these women also qualified their opinion on the equality of men and women, asserting that in terms of physical capabilities men are more superior and in areas such as home management arid child tearing. Majority of these women did not perceive that Filipino society is a male-biased society. They view women as capable of occupying national political positions ar?d bias numeric advantage over men. However, majority agreed that Filipino women occupy subordinate roles to men in society because women are weak, less aggressive, receive insufficient support, and have scarce opportunities. Most of the respondents find politics difficult, especially in settling disputes. They contend that once they gained the? respect, of their constituents, they feel competent to tackle the tasks. It is evident that women politicians still adhere to the patriarchal belief and have unresolved gender definition, which are contributory factors to the discrimination of women in politics.
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    Public utility jeepney drivers in Bacolod City, Negros Occidental: Socio-economic conditions and income differentials analysis
    Banagodos Lorena Joy P. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1997-04)
    Benchmark information was sought regarding the socioeconomic conditions of jeepney drivers and their households from a sample of 111 respondents in Bacolod City, Negros Occidental. This profile focused on their socio-demographic and housing characteristics as well as their household expenditure patterns. Several aspects of the driving occupation was also discussed. Income differentials analysis was also used to determine the factors that significantly accounted for the variability in driving income. Drivers were mainly composed of married and middle-aged men, majority of whom were high school graduates. Average household size was from 4—5 members with the father—driver as the only earning family member. Income from jeepney driving accounted for over half of the monthly total household income, averaging at P4,039.73. Drivers houses were made of GI roofs, and wooden outer walls. Most of the sample personally owned their housing units but were squatting on other people's lands. Their houses were equipped with electricity for lighting, LPG for cooking, manual pumps for drinking water and exclusive waste—sealed toilets. Food accounted for over 607. of the driving households' expenditures followed by education, utilities, and medical care. Out of their expenditures, the driving households were still able to save less than 10%. of their total incomes. Operator driver households had higher expenditure levels than boundary driver households. On the average, the drivers' total expenditures were higher than the 1996 inflated food and poverty thresholds. Their income-expenditure patterns reveal a discrepancy of P1414.21 between their total household income and total household expenditures which means that drivers' households have higher chances of increasing their savings levels. Driving experience averaged at 16 years. Consisting mainly of boundary drivers, majority of the sample — fueled jeepneys. Striking rounds were mostly done during peak hours (7-9 AM, 11-1 PM, and 4-7 PM) while parking rounds were done during lean hours (9-11 AM and 1-3 PM). Drivers were largely free to choose how long and how often to work in a day or week. They drove for six days weekly and averaged nine hours per day. Passing by 10-16 schools, jeepneys which traversed four routes (Bata-Libertad, Shopping-Libertad, Banago—Libertad , and Mandalagan-Libertad jeepneys) had relatively higher mean incomes than the rest of the sample. Boundary drivers had higher reported boundary fees and lower daily incomes than operator drivers. The sample's average driving income breaks even with the daily poverty threshold for a family of six members. Only 36% had SSS memberships. Drivers largely shouldered the vulcanizing, fuel, association membership fees and traffic violation penalties of utility vehicles while operators largely assumed its expenses for vehicle-related violations, spare parts, repair, and maintenance needs.The subject-respondents considered the small volume of passengers on some routes, the high cost of penalties from traffic violations, the unscrupulous apprehensions of traffic enforcers, the proposed traffic rerouting scheme and the labor—intensiveness of the occupation as some of its most pressing problems. The postulated regression model was determined to be highly significant with an F-computed value of 7.964. The t-test and p- values, likewise, indicated four independent variables ( number of schools passed, the capacity of the vehicle, the number of strikes per day, and the type of driver) to be significant and accounted for about 397. of the variability in driving income.