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Undergraduate Theses

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14583/13

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2018 - 20194

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Committee Chair: search.filters.chair.Ortillo, Danilo O.SDG: search.filters.sdg.SDG 6 - Clean water and sanitation

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    Removal of total solids from surface water of Malihao River, Victorias, Negros Occidental using chitosan derived from green mussel (Perna viridis) shell
    Caligan, Jeff Tristan Z. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2018-06)
    Total solids are water pollutants that can either be suspended or dissolved in water. Suspended solids are those that can be filtered while those that can passed through are considered as dissolved solids. Five sampling stations were tested along Malihao River in Victorias City, Negros Occidental to determine parameters such as pH, temperature, total settleable solids (TSeS), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), volatile suspended solids (VSS), conductivity, and salinity. Among these parameters, the focus of the study is on TSS and TDS and assess the removal efficiency of chitosan with these pollutants. The chitosan used was obtained from the shells of green mussel (Perna viridis) through deacetylation of chitin. The chitosan obtained has 73% degree of deacetylation and has characteristic peaks in the IR spectra at 3470.82 cm-1 and 1636.36 cm-1 representing the vibrating aliphatic O-H and bending N-H group, respectively. The optimum chitosan dosage was determined at 15 mg, which has removal efficiency of 83.46% and 25.48% for TSS and TDS, respectively. It also decreases the turbidity of the water based on the clarity in color. High TSS values were observed at Station 2 (Malihao Bridge) and Station 5 (Daan Banwa Wharf) with values of 125.5 and 232.0 mg/L, respectively. These values exceed the DENR Administrative Order 2016-08 for Class C waters, which is 80 mg/L. The optimum dosage was used to remove TSS and TDS at each sampling stations. TSS of all sampling stations were reduced to more that 50% of the initial value while TDS values rose to 80% and higher of the initial value. Thus, chitosan derived from green mussel shells were effective in removal of TSS but not with TDS.
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    Sediment organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus of four tivers in Miagao, Iloilo
    Cahilig, Guen Gian D. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2019-06)
    The four rivers of Miagao are examples of aquatic areas where sediment pollution can be related and mostly caused by anthropogenic and non-point sources. The four rivers of Miagao, namely Bacauan, Naulid, Oyungan and Tumagbok rivers, were assessed and observed to have low levels of water due to the dry season, presence of water stagnation due to dikes; other factors such as discharges from domestic activities and livestock wastes, and thick vegetation are also present in the river. The relevance of this study is to provide baseline information about the levels of organic matter, NH4-N, and available phosphorus present in the river, provide public knowledge about the negative impacts of excessive levels of those parameters; and locate possible sources of the pollution through the values obtained. For the total phosphorus concentration present in river sediments, the values are ranging from 0.0648 ppm to 0.154 ppm. Therefore, the values of the available phosphorus are harmful and can cause eutrophication to the river. However, for the values of organic matter and nitrogen, it was reported to be not harmful to the river but can still contribute to the excessive nutrient levels and eutrophication of the river.
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    Spontaneous formation of silver nanoparticles in humid acid-rich water of Santa Barbara, Iloilo
    Cadelina, Mary Dored Ann D. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2018-06)
    Humic acid (HA) - rich water of Sta. Barbara, Iloilo is successful in acting as a reducing and capping agent in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). UV-Visible spectroscopy was used to determine the effect of irradiation time, varying HA and AgNO3 concentration, and electrolyte addition. Furthermore, the bactericidal efficacy of AgNPs was evaluated using broth microdilution method. Measurement of AgNPs was done using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Lower irradiation time (10- 40 min) shows an increasing absorbance trend. However, absorbance decreased and showed bathochromic shifts when irradiated at longer times (50-60 min). AgNP formulations of 40 ppm HA with 4 mM AgNO3 and 50 ppm HA with 4 mM AgNO3 showed the highest peak intensity for varying AgNO3 and HA concentration, respectively. These results were found in both irradiated and un-irradiated samples. Aggregation occurred upon the addition of 50 mM, 100 mM, and 500 mM NaCl but was more prominent at 500 mM NaCl. Dialyzed and un-dialyzed AgNPs have bactericidal activity. However, un-dialyzed AgNP was a more effective treatment because it showed a bactericidal activity up to 1:16 dilution for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as compared to the dialyzed AgNPs which showed a bactericidal activity up to 1:4 for S. aureus and 1:8 for E. coli. The dialyzed AgNPs are polydispersed but were mostly small with sizes less than 10 nm based on the TEM image.
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    Optimization of parameters for the fe-humic acid complex formation using fluorescence spectroscopy
    Araniador, Glaicyl Dame Ann B. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2019-06)
    Humic acid was extracted from an artesian well located at Sta. Barbara, Iloilo. It was black in color and had a powdery texture after oven-drying. Humic acid samples were used to prepare complexes with Fe3+ ions to determine the ideal conditions to maximize the binding of the metal ion. Using the fluorescence data of the ligand as a comparative measure to confirm complex formation, varying concentration and pH conditions were used in preparing Fe-HA complexes. The excitation spectra of the different concentration ratios prepared showed that pH 6 favored the complex formation. The emission spectra showed that pH 6 exhibited high fluorescence signals. The EEMs of different concentration ratios at pH 6 showed that it is the optimal range for complex formation. In pH 8 and pH 10, no consistent pattern in their EEMs can be observed. This indicates that alkaline conditions, complex formation is not favored.