Undergraduate Theses
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Item Isolation and purification and bioactive components from the fruit of Morinda citrifoliaBarbarona, Hazel M. (Division of Phyisical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2000-10)Phytochemical screening done on the fruit of “noni” Morinda citrifolia revealed the presence of saponins and the absence of alkaloids. Sequential extraction of active components of noni using n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate solvents gave yields of 0.09%, 0.31% and 0.11% as yields respectively. Crude methanolic concentrate of the noni fruit was subjected into four bioactivity tests. Toxicity bioassay showed 251.19 g/ml to be the LC50. Antimicrobial bioassay showed that S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, and P. auruginosa organisms have no activity against the crude methanolic concentrate. In analgesic bioassay, the crude methanolic concentrate (16.37) is no better or has the same activity with the positive control mefenamic acid (17.51) based on the percentage reduction in squirms of the Swiss Websters mice. Antispasmodic activity showed that the crude methanolic concentrate of the fruit (55.47%) is as active as the positive control, loperamide (58.02%). In the three fractions, antispasmodic activity of n-hexane and dichloromethane have greater effect than the positive control (loperamide) while ethyl acetate has the same activity with it. The percentages traveled by charcoal in n-hexane (39.929) and dichloromethane (45.908) were lower than that of the positive control, loperamide (60.130) and ethyl acetate fraction (48.352). Antispasmodic bioassay on n-hexane purified through Vacuum Liquid Chromatography showed that the nine fractions (F1-F9) showed no significant difference with the positive control. Thin Layer Chromatography showed the presence of mono-, di-, and triterpenes; steroid glycosides and saponins in the noni fruit extract.Item A preliminary investigation of the antibacterial activity of the alkaloidal constituent of Hyptis suaveolens Poit (Family Labiatae)Alcayde, Glenn G. (Division of Physical Sciences & Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1999-03)This study determined the effectiveness of the alkaloidal constituent on the leaves ofHyptis suaveolens against the four bacteria namely S. aureus, B. subtil is E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, and two fungi namely C. albicans and S. cerevisae. The alkaloidal constituent was first detected using the Culvenor-Fitzgerald method. It was then separated in the form of an alkaloidal residue. The residue was separated further using column chromatography. This process resulted in three fraction isolates.These three fraction isolates were purified and determined their physical properties. Finally, each fraction isolate was prepared into three concentrations, 100%, 50%, and 25%. The isolates of three concentrations were then tested on six microorganisms and growth of inhibition was measured. Results showed that the three fraction isolates in three different concentrations exhibited no antibacterial and antifungal effectItem Bioactivity-guided screening of selected plants from UPV Miag-ao campusArceo, Ma. Ofelia H. (Division of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1998-05)Twelve selected ethnomedically-used plants were screened for alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids. Nine out of twelve plants contained at most two of the phytochemicals tested, and three showed the absence of these phytochemicals. Methanolic extracts of three selected plants (Stachy/arpheta /amaicensis, Hyptis suaveo/ens, Semecarpus philippinensis) were examined for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All extracts were found to be active at least against two of the microorganisms tested. The extract of Siachytarphe/a jamaicensis was found to be active against three out of four microorganisms and found to be the most bioactive. Stachyiarpheta jamaicensis was subjected to bioactivity-guided fractionation using solvents of increasing polarity - hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The hexane extract was considered as the most bioactive fraction. Its chromatogram contained seven spots in which four turned blue violet after spraying with vanillin-H2SO4. The color change exhibited suggests the possible presence of saponins.Item Proximate analysis and fatty acid profile of Hyopila rosea Williams and Vesicularia reticulataAnuevo, Gwen M. (Division of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2000-07)Philippine mosses number about 506 species. Hyophila rosea Williams and Vesicularia reticulata are the two species that are found abundantly in Panay area. Hyophila rosea Williams are medium-sized plants in thin clusters with stems from 1-1.5 cm high. Proximately characterized to contain 17.82% moisture, 5.99% crude protein, 7.69% crude ether extract, 21.42% crude fiber, 18.21% ash, and 46.69% nitrogen-free extract. Fatty acid profiles are composed of twenty-nine (29) analytes, from which twenty (20) were not identified while nine (9) are known, starting from Caproic acid (C1o) to Arachidic (C20). Linoleic, palmitic, and oleic acids are the first three analytes comprising higher percentages. Vesicularia reticulata, on the other hand, are dull, yellowish green, and the main stem is about 5 cm long. Proximately characterized to contain 12.73% moisture, 5.96% crude protein, 9.45% crude ether extract, 21.95% crude fiber, 32.67% ash, and 29.96% nitrogen-free extract. Fatty acid profiles are composed of forty-one (41) analytes, from which thirty-two (32) analytes were not identified, while nine (9) analytes are known starting from C1o to C2o.Linoleic, palmitic and linolenic acids are the first three analytes comprising higher percentages.