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Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14583/13

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    DPPH free radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content of Talisay (Terminalia catappa) seeds
    Bohol, Lyan Jean B. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2013-04)
    Free radicals, a class of highly reactive molecules derived from the metabolism of oxygen is believed to be involved in many health disorders. It is generated as by-products of biological reactions or from the environment. Antioxidant-based drugs and formulations for the prevention and treatment of complex diseases have attracted a great deal of research interest in natural antioxidants. It is deemed necessary to screen medicinal plants for their antioxidant potential. Terminalia catappa is a widely-distributed tree in the Philippines with promising potentials in pharmacology. Evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic, dichloromethane, and hexane extracts of Terminalia catappa seeds were carried out using two assays: 1, l-diphenyl-2-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and total phenolic content assay. Results revealed that methanolic extracts showed a significantly higher free radical scavenging activity and a four-fold increase in its activity relative to the standard Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT). Furthermore, methanol, DCM and hexane extracts have high total phenolic content. Present results indicate that Terminalia catappa is a potential source of antioxidant and a good candidate for the development of new nutraceuticals for treatment of diseases. Phytochemical screening to determine the group of secondary metabolites present and toxicity evaluation for recommendation as nutritional substitutes and human consumption are recommended.
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    Antimicrobial, antioxidant and phytochemical properties of ethanolic and water extracts of selected local spices from Miagao, Iloilo
    Besinga, Yvonne Grace M. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-06)
    Spices such as garlic, pepper and turmeric are indispensable in the daily food preparation and are reported to have compounds which prevent the microbial spoilage of food. This study evaluates the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities as well as the phytochemical properties of the ethanol and aqueous spice extracts of garlic, pepper and turmeric. The antioxidant activity was performed using l,l-diphenyl-2-picryl- hydrazyl (DPPH) Radical Scavenging Method and the antimicrobial activity was evaluated by Disk Diffusion Assay. Phytochemical compounds tested were alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenol and saponins. In decreasing order, the potency of the antioxidant activities showed Ascorbic acid > turmeric ethanol extract >pepper water extract> pepper ethanol extract> turmeric water extract> garlic ethanol extract> garlic water extract. The antimicrobial activity was highest in turmeric aqueous extract in terms of mean inhibition zone (7.5±2.10) against E. coli. The most effective treatment against B. subtilis was turmeric ethanol with highest mean inhibition zone (6.87±1.13). And for S. aureus, garlic ethanol extract has the highest mean inhibition zone (7.80±1.32). Phytochemical screening tests showed that in all treatments, the most abundant phytochemical were alkaloids and terpenoids. This study indicates that the spices like garlic, pepper and turmeric have antimicrobial and antioxidant activity.
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    Karyotype analysis of Kutsay Allium odoratum L. (Alliales: Alliaceae)
    Bermejo, Jo-am Asis (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1995-05)
    The C-metaphase count of Allium odoratum revealed that the chromosome number was 2n=32, consisting of the following centromeric groups based on Levan's method of chromosome classification: Group I chromosomes with subterminal centromeres (1 pair); Group II with submedian centromeres (2 pairs), and Group III with median centromeres (13 pairs). The mean total lengths of chromosome ranged from 8.534±0.504-16.624±0.600 μ. Mitotic index for the species was found to be 10.87%.
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    Karyotype analysis of garlic, Allium sativum L. (Alliales; Alliaceae)
    Bandiola, Ma. Florma A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-03)
    The C-metaphase count of Allium sativum L. showed a chromosome number of 2n = 14, consisting of six long and eight short somatic chromosomes categorized into three distinct groups: ten m type chromosomes with centromeres at the median region, two sm type chromosomes with submedian centromere and two st type chromosomes with subterminal centromere, Mitotic index for the species was computed at 16.88%.