UPV Digital RepositoryUPV-DRUniversity of the Philippines Visayas
 

Undergraduate Theses

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14583/13

Browse

Filters

2000 - 200912010 - 20174

Settings

AGROVOC Keyword: search.filters.agrovoc.heavy metalsSDG: search.filters.sdg.SDG 6 - Clean water and sanitation

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Comparative study of trace metals and common impurities of table salt produced in Leganes, Iloilo and Tibiao, Antique
    Calawag, Jerolet E. (Division of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2000-10)
    Trace metals such as cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) as well as the common impurities in salt like magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), sulfate, moisture, matter insoluble in water (MIW) and matter insoluble in acid (MIA) were analyzed using spectrophotometric (Flame Atomic Absorption &UV-vis Spectrophotometers) and gravimetric methods. Results showed that percentage concentrations of magnesium and calcium were significantly higher in sample A (Tibiao table salt) than in sample B (Leganes table salt) at 1- percent level of confidence. The percentage concentrations of MIW, MIA, moisture and sulfate were significantly higher in sample B than in sample A. Results of Uv-vis absorption spectroscopy indicated that both chromium and cadmium were absent in both samples while the lead concentrations in samples A and B were 10.9190 and 11.4831 ppm respectively. At 5% level of probability, the lead concentrations of both samples did not differ from each other. Using another technique of analyzing trace metals, the flame atomic absorption spectroscopy based on flame atomization, different results were obtained. Lead concentration in samples A and B were 6.4874 and 9.4977-ppm salt respectively. At 5 % level of probability, sample B had higher lead concentration than in sample A. The lead concentrations in both samples were all higher than 0.015 ppm, the allowable maximum limit of lead in water, or any drinks. The over-all results showed that sample B had higher contaminants than in sample A.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) concentrations of road-deposited sediments within six public plazas in Iloilo City
    Caceres, Rizza Daphet E. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2011-04)
    Contamination from overland transportation is an unavoidable result of urbanization. Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn arc common heavy metals introduced to the environment by transportation. Road-deposited sediment (RDS) samples were collected from six public plazas (Villa Plaza, Molo Plaza, Mandurriao Plaza, Plaza Libertad, Lapaz Plaza and Jaro Plaza) in Iloilo City from March 2010 to May 2010. 0.5M HC1 was used as extractant and heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) concentrations were determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS). The mean concentrations of Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn in road-deposited sediments from six plazas were 8.79 ± 1.93, 40.90 ± 24.21, 60.74 ± 22.32, and 164.25 ± 25.0 mg/kg, respectively. Metal enrichment of Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were approximately xl, x8, x7 and x18 more than the background values respectively. There was no significant temporal variation in metals concentrations of RDS between sampling collections. Generally, RDS from Plaza Libertad has the highest metal concentrations. Cu and Pb metals were highly correlated (R2 = 0.891) indicating possible similar sources. A good correlation (R2 = 0.918) was observed between Pb concentration and the number of vehicles that pass along the plaza per hour. Heavy metal concentrations in sediments from plazas have low hazard quotients but bioaccumulation of metals in the body could cause health effects. Efficiency of digestion procedures varied depending on characteristics, texture and composition of road-deposited sediments. 0.5M HC1 digestion was used because it is simple, cost-effective, time-efficient and it leaches out meaningful amounts of bioavailable metals. Using HC1 as extractant simulates human digestion since human stomach contains HC1 that could leach out metals if road-deposited sediments were ingested.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Efficiency of constructed filters in removing heavy metals (Cd,Cu,Pb and Zn) from chemical wastewater
    Albaladejo, Anthony Salvador B. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2012-04)
    The presence of heavy metals at elevated concentrations is a major concern due to its toxic effects to aquatic organisms, plants and humans. Untreated wastewaters from chemistry laboratories could be the key source of heavy metal contamination if not properly processed before disposal to the environment. In this study, the efficiency of the constructed filter, made up of plant-based materials, in removing heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) from chemical wastewater was determined. Characterization of the untreated and treated chemical wastewaters was also performed using different water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, TDS, TSS, COD, heavy metals and toxicity. Results show that the untreated chemical wastewater contains high concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd which did not pass the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) standards and considered harmful when released to the environment. The physico-chemical characteristics, such as TSS and TDS, of the untreated wastewater also did not pass the standards set by DENR except for pH, temperature and COD. The quality of the treated wastewater failed to pass the DENR standards for TSS and TDS thus the constructed filter was not efficient in improving the said physico-chemical characteristics of the wastewater. Rice hull was efficient in removing Zn, Cu and Pb. Bagasse was efficient in removing Pb and saw dust was efficient in removing Cu. The constructed filter was able to significantly reduce the concentrations of heavy metals from 18-L chemical wastewater. The removal efficiency was not significantly different from the 9-L volume treatment. Pb concentration was within the DENR standards after treatment while Zn, Cu and Cd concentrations were above the requirement. The initial concentration of the metal in wastewater greatly affects the removal efficiency of the constructed filter. Furthermore, the constructed filter was able to minimize the toxicity of the chemical wastewater. These findings could be of significance in the design of the treatment facility that could address the problem of heavy metal pollution.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Physico-chemical assessment of the groundwater in Barangay Mohon, Arevalo District, Iloilo City
    Adenix, Kimberly V. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2017-06)
    Water analysis determines the stability and reliability of natural water sources. Determining the physical and chemical compositions of water would indicate its safety for use and consumption. In this scientific study, water analysis was conducted to evaluate the quality of potable water from eight water pumps, commonly used for drinking, in Brgy. Mohon, Arevalo District, Iloilo City. Aside from drinking, most residents also used these groundwater sources for cooking, bathing, washing, and laundry purposes. The parameters tested were pH, temperature, alkalinity, phosphate, nitrite, dissolved oxygen, and heavy metals (e.g., lead, copper, and cadmium) content. The analyses were conducted from February to April with same time of collection (9:00 am-12:00 nn) and the samples were stored under dark and cold conditions (4 °C). During the analyses, the following methods were used: titrimetric for alkalinity and dissolved oxygen content, colorimetric and UV/Vis spectrophotometry for phosphate and nitrite-nitrogen, and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) for heavy metals. Results showed that all sampling sites were determined to have alkaline waters (7.29- 7.77), because of the high pH and alkalinity values. Also, it was found that the water sources contained very high phosphate levels (0.54-1.29 mg/L PO4-P) that contributed to very low DO levels (0.12-0.14 mg/L DO). Other parameters, such as nitrite-nitrogen and heavy metal determinations showed no significant difference based on the standard limits set by different environmental institutions.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Optimization of lead (II) adsorption of EDTA-functionalized magnetic graphene oxide using response surface methodology
    Angeles, Christine Debbie Shanne V. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2017-06)
    Chronic intake of lead-contaminated water, even at low concentrations, can cause damage to the digestive, reproductive, and nervous systems. To effectively remove lead in water, solid phase extraction or adsorption is being used. In this study, EDTA-functionalized magnetic graphene oxide (EmGO) adsorbent was fabricated using a stepwise modification of graphene oxide (GO). It was characterized using SEM, FTIR, and XRD. EmGO was shown to have improved adsorption capacity towards Pb(II) in natural water. Also, the magnetic property of the adsorbent allowed an easier and more convenient mean of retrieval. The generated response surface model from Box- Behnken design (BBD) approximated the optimum condition for maximum removal efficiency of EmGO. Based on the results, the model had a 0.9113 (±0.0001) overall desirability, optimum values for pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time were 5.99 (±0.01), 12.2135 (±0.0001), and 48.39 (±0.01), respectively. The highest percent removal efficiency of EmGO in the experiment was determined to be 73.41 (±0.01)%.