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Undergraduate Theses

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14583/13

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    Phytochemical screening, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Ethanolic seed extract of Kadios (Cajanus cajan) from Igbaras, Iloilo, Philippines
    Bautista, Lance Ruther E. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-06)
    Natural products are products which may have been chemically synthesized, through semi- or total synthesis. The presence of these natural sources gave us greater opportunity for discovery and different innovations, as answers to the emerging needs of the people. This study focused on the chemical properties, antibacterial and antioxidant activity, of Cajanus cajan, popularly known as Kadios, from Igbaras, Iloilo, Philippines. A total of 371.98 grams of air-dried C. cajan seeds was macerated to 1000 mL of ethanol for 72 hours. The concentrated extract was subjected to three tests and assays. All tests were done in triplicates. The test for phytochemicals, which served as the preliminary screening, revealed that the ethanolic extract of Kadios seeds contains alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins, quinones, and steroids. The antibacterial assay showed that the ethanolic seed extract of C. cajan can inhibit the growth of Gram-negative bacteria, E. coli, with zone of inhibition equal to 10.3 ±2.15 mm to 33 ± 1.63 mm. The antioxidant assay revealed that the extract has positive inhibition only at high concentration against DPPH, and so IC50 was further determined to be 27,310 ug/mL. Statistical analyses were also done, and confirmed that there is significant difference among the data at (P<0.05). Summing up, the extract has antibacterial activity and minimal or almost close to zero antioxidant activity, while containing a remarkable number of secondary metabolites causing the chemical activities of the extract.
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    Phytochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial analysis of essential oils from Zingiber officinale Roscoe(Ginger) and Curcuma long Linn.(Turmeric)
    Alviar, Joseph Noel G. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-06)
    This study was conducted to characterize and compare the phytochemistry, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oils extracted from the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) and Curcuma longa Linn. (turmeric). Percent yields in the steam distillation of ginger and turmeric were 0.42±0.02% and 0.43± 0.02%, respectively. Qualitative phytochemical screening showed that both essential oils are positive for flavonoids, phenols, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, and quinones. Antibacterial activity was tested against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli using 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% (v/v) essential oil in ethanol with positive control tetracycline and negative control ethanol. It was determined that C. longa did not have antibacterial activity against both bacteria while Z. officinale had “moderately inhibitory” to “strongly inhibitory” activity against S. aureus with zone of inhibition (ZOI) from 17.67±1.53 mm to 23.67±0.58 mm and “weakly inhibitory” to “moderately inhibitory” activity against E. coli (ZOI from 12.33±1.15 mm to 15.67±2.08 mm). The standard antibiotic tetracycline also showed “moderately inhibitory” activity against both S. aureus (ZOl = 19.00±0.89 mm) and E. coli (ZOI = 17.33±1.21 mm). Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH free radical inhibition. Highest % DPPH free radical inhibition was exhibited by the standard antioxidant ascorbic acid (92.98%), followed by C. longa essential oil (88.74%), and Z. officinale (76.30%).