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    Phytochemical screening, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Ethanolic seed extract of Kadios (Cajanus cajan) from Igbaras, Iloilo, Philippines
    Bautista, Lance Ruther E. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-06)
    Natural products are products which may have been chemically synthesized, through semi- or total synthesis. The presence of these natural sources gave us greater opportunity for discovery and different innovations, as answers to the emerging needs of the people. This study focused on the chemical properties, antibacterial and antioxidant activity, of Cajanus cajan, popularly known as Kadios, from Igbaras, Iloilo, Philippines. A total of 371.98 grams of air-dried C. cajan seeds was macerated to 1000 mL of ethanol for 72 hours. The concentrated extract was subjected to three tests and assays. All tests were done in triplicates. The test for phytochemicals, which served as the preliminary screening, revealed that the ethanolic extract of Kadios seeds contains alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins, quinones, and steroids. The antibacterial assay showed that the ethanolic seed extract of C. cajan can inhibit the growth of Gram-negative bacteria, E. coli, with zone of inhibition equal to 10.3 ±2.15 mm to 33 ± 1.63 mm. The antioxidant assay revealed that the extract has positive inhibition only at high concentration against DPPH, and so IC50 was further determined to be 27,310 ug/mL. Statistical analyses were also done, and confirmed that there is significant difference among the data at (P<0.05). Summing up, the extract has antibacterial activity and minimal or almost close to zero antioxidant activity, while containing a remarkable number of secondary metabolites causing the chemical activities of the extract.
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    Phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity, and comparative bioefficacy assessment of Camansi (Artocarpus camansi) seed extracts for in vitro antibacterial activity
    Bantayan, Andrea Marie B. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-06)
    This study was conducted to compare and assess the antibacterial and antioxidative properties, and to screen for the presence of phytochemical constituents in the different solvent-derived extracts of Artocarpus camansi seeds from Mintal, Davao City. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenol, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids in the methanol extract. The antibacterial efficacy was determined by agar well diffusion method against B. subtilis and E. coli. Streptomycin was used as a standard drug for the study of antibacterial activity. Sensitivity in terms of zones of inhibition and phytochemical composition of the different extracts were also determined. Results showed that all extracts were effective against both of the bacteria tested with the pet. ether and DCM extracts showing moderate activity, and the methanol extract exhibiting strong activity against B. subtilis and E. coli. Furthermore, methanol extract of A. camansi seeds possessed strong DPPH radical scavenging activity. In the DPPH method, the pet. ether, DCM, and methanol extracts showed free radical inhibition of 18.96±0.16%, 21.62±0.14%, and 90.05±0.08%, respectively. The IC50 value obtained for the methanol seed extract at concentration 0.05 g/mL was 6.67±0.004 g/L. The current findings suggest that the phytochemicals present in the methanol extract of Artocarpus camansi seeds (alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenol, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids) may be responsible for the antibacterial and antioxidant activity.
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    Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of bika (Ampelocissus martini panch) seed oil
    Angot, Rose Imee Lyn N. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-06)
    Ampelocissus martini Planch, locally known as Bika, is a native tropical plant generally found in Southeast Asia. It is abundant in Panay Island, particularly in the provinces of Antique and Iloilo. Despite that the fruit is being consumed as food, used as medicine, and made into wine, very few scientific studies pertaining to Bika grape exist. Hence, this study focused on its antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The antioxidant activities were carried out through the % DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power method. Results show that the Bika seed oil has antioxidant activity. Its IC50 using DPPH assay is 23.63 ppm. Moreover, it also showed a significant antioxidant activity based on the results from the reducing power assay. Both results demonstrated that Bika grape seed oil have antioxidant activity. On the other hand, the mean zones of inhibition using disk diffusion assay was used to assess the antibacterial activity of Bika seed oil against Escherichia coh and Staphylococcus aureus. Only the antibiotic Gentamicin showed active antibacterial property, whereas the Bika seed oil showed little zone of inhibition, only goes to show that it has an inactive antibacterial property.