UPV Theses and Dissertations
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Item The health status of school-age children in Barangay Ingore, La Paz, Iloilo CityAmamanglon, Keanne Paula H.; Bragancia, Ira May Joy E.; Gulmatico, Gideon M.; Guzman, Virgi Chrisbelle A.; Mercado, Pauline Victoria M.; Orbase, Jannina Faye O.; Reyes, Mary Camille E.; Yap, Maria Lorna Christy C. March (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2011-03)The study is a cross sectional survey to assess the health status of school-age children in barangay Ingore, La Paz, Iloilo City. The health status of the children was evaluated using nutritional status assessment, child care practices of mothers/caretakers and past and present clinical history of disease, and respiratory function. Anthropometry and Clinical Signs were used to directly assess the nutritional status of the children. An Interview Schedule, with mothers/caretakers as respondents was used to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of the household to where the children belong and also to obtain information on their child health care practices. Respiratory or Lung Function was assessed using Lung Peak Flow and Chest Expansion. The results of Anthropometry using the parameters for Weight-for-Age (WFA), Weight-for-Height (WFH) and Height-for-Age (HFA) revealed that 16.3% of the school-aged children were underweight; 10.7% were thin or wasted; 24.4% were stunted, and 4.0% were overweight/obese. The most common clinical signs indicative of malnutrition were pale conjunctiva and the occurrence of dental carries. Most of the children have been breastfed and availed of complete immunization during their pre-school age period. Almost half of them experienced childhood diseases like upper respiratory tract infections (e.g. cough, common colds, asthma, etc.). Peak flow analysis showed that among male, school-age children the average peak flow was 210.6L/minute while among female it was 195.7 L/minute. The computed average peak flow was 203.2 L/minute. The average chest expansion of the subjects was 2.4 cm and the chest expansion of male and female school-age children was 2.4 centimetres. The results obtained in this study can be used as a baseline for future studies especially in the light of the recent operation of a coal-fired power plant which might affect the health status of vulnerable age groups like pre-school and school-age childrenItem Risk zone mapping of 2010 dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever cases in the Province of Iloilo based on land coverAndrada, Thresdale; Cañonero, Gertrude Mikee; España, Regine Marie; Puno, Abigail; Sarangaya, Dorothy Rose; Tan, Leonard; Tejada, Ma. Corazon (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2013-04)Dengue is considered as one of the most important vector-borne diseases in many tropical and subtropical countries. Iloilo Province had 8201 cases in 2010. Heterogeneity in the risk of disease transmission results from spatial heterogeneity in both land use and land cover. Thus, the present study was conducted to identify the risk zones of Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Province of Iloilo in 2010 based on land cover types by using GIS software. Results of the study show that all land covers in the 6th district pose moderately low risk on dengue incidence. In the case of the 1st district of Iloilo, on the other hand, water bodies have the highest probability of dengue incidence, while the rest of the districts (2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th). built-up areas have the highest probability of dengue incidence. The land cover type in Iloilo, therefore, with the highest risk for dengue incidence are built up areas due to its high population density, multitude of households and stagnant water areas.Item Removal of Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB)-forming organisms using ball clay: Factors and effects of clay additionRivera, Peter Paolo L. (Marine Science Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-05)Global concern for Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) has increased due to their frequency of occurrence and associated negative health and economic effects. Control measures for HABs/red tides have been developed to alleviate their effects in the marine and coastal environments. The use of clays and modified sands/sediments to remove/control HABs is one of the promising and attractive direct control options for areas with persistent HAB problems. However, factors such as pH and ionic strength and mechanisms and kinetics of algal removal through clay addition/spreading are not fully understood. This study examined the effect of different pH levels and varying ionic strength on the removal efficiency (RE) of ball clay on toxic dinoflagellates: Pyrodinium bahamense var. compression, Gymnodinium catenation, and Alexandrium tamarense complex. High REs by ball clay were observed on Pyrodinium and Gymnodinium. On the other hand, only minimal removal was observed with Alexandrium. This implies that ball clay has a varying affinity towards different HAB species. Removal was also found to be highly dependent on bloom stages and varies for a given target species. RE of ball clay for the three test organisms increases as the pH of the solution decreases (83.1% for Pyrodinium, 81.2% for Gymnodinium, 89.4% for Alexandrium at pH 6. Results from this study show that with increasing salinity and/or ionic strength, RE also increases (82.7% for Pyrodinium, 88% for Gymnodinium, and 79.5% for Alexandrium at ionic strength of 1.0). Results show that changing the pH and ionic strength influenced the zeta potential (electrokinetic potential) of both the toxic algal cells and ball clay, hence affecting algal flocculation and leading to the effective removal of the algal cells. Microalgal cells are negatively charged in growth media at pH values (7-9 for most algal species) typical for growth and the charges cause adjacent cells to repel each other and remain suspended in the medium. The negative charges apparently derived from the water and dissociation of functional groups on algal cell walls, and vary among different algal species. The changes in pH influence the degree of surface dissociation, thus affecting the cell surface charge. The zeta potential of ball clay as a function of varying ionic strength and salt concentrations showed that zeta potential decreases (more negative) with increasing ionic strength from 0 to 1 and/or salinity from 0 to 36 ppt (in contrast to algal cells). When the ionic strength of the solution is increased, the charge potential difference between clay particles and algal cells also increases, thereby increasing the affinity between the two particles. Cell death and lysis were evident within the suspended and settled clay matrix from direct microscopic observation. The cells appeared moribund, and stained cytoplasmic material could be seen leaking into the medium. Cell death may have been due to the direct physical contact between the cells and clay particles. Cell lysis occurred over a 1–2-hour period in single-species cultures of HAB organisms. Measurement of fluorescence properties through confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of microalgae has proven that a rapid and sensitive ecotoxicity method could be developed where the motility and viability of cells flocculated with clay could be examined. The substantial release of the nucleotides and intracellular materials from the algal cells indicates the expulsion of the thecal plates and cell membrane leading to the disintegration of the algal cells upon clay addition. Cellular damage was further confirmed by metabolic imaging through an esterase activity assay. Esterase activity in control and treated cells was studied by fluorescence imaging after staining with fluorescence diacetate (FDA), a technique to probe cell membrane integrity and cell viability. FDA-positive cells decreased through time until 24-hour upon exposure to ball clay. Future studies are needed to investigate the actual mechanism of how clay induces cell lysis or mortality. Cell mortality may be due to natural senescence or programmed cell death (PCD) under stress-promoting conditions and not related to any chemical or physical interaction between the clay and the algal cells. It is also interesting to look at the possible formation of ecdysal and temporary pellicle cysts upon clay treatment. The possible formation of temporary cysts by HAB cells may play a role in bloom regrowth. The encystment and excystment may enable HAB cells to escape entrapment, allowing a bloom to reform.Item Dengue knowledge, policies, and Aedes Larval population in selected low and high dengue priority areas in Miagao, IloiloAmihan, April Rose D.; Basco, Arriane Mae P.; Escosia, Edmon B.; Monsale, April Joy P.; Solis, Jann Christian V.; Varon, Marianne Joy C. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2009-03)This cross-sectional study aimed to compare the knowledge, practices, and Aedes larval populations between low and high dengue priority areas of Miagao, Iloilo. Questionnaire-guided interviews were conducted to assess the knowledge and practices of the study population. Larval surveys were done to determine Aedes larval populations, expressed as House Index (HI), Container Index (CI), and Breteau Index (BI). Results showed that respondents from the low priority area were more knowledgeable on dengue than the respondents from the high priority area (p<0.05). Dengue preventive practices were found to be the same for both low and high priority areas. There was, however, no significant relationship between dengue knowledge and dengue preventive measures (p<0.05). Results from (he larval survey revealed that both low and high priority areas have HI and BI above the WHO standards (HI<5%; BI<20) and are considered “high risk” areas. Lastly, age (p<0.01) and educational attainment (p<0.05) were found to affect an individual’s dengue knowledge.Item Gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity and heavy metal concentration profiles of well water of the Calahunan dump site, Mandurriao, Iloilo CityAmarante, Hena Charma; Basquez, Mark Anthony; Brunio, Christian Allan; Dable, Nesel; De la Pena, Pamela-Di; Genterola, Janis; Oredina, Josette Marie; Padayhag, Dave (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2005-03)The study aimed to establish presence of radioactivity and concentration of heavy metals specifically lead and chromium in drinking water from wells within one-kilometer radius from the approximated center of the Calahunan dump site. Results showed that four out of twelve wells have positive results fro gross alpha activity and gross beta activity: wells 2A, 2C, 3A, and 3D. Well 2A, 2C and 3D registered alpha activities of 0.54, 0.033 and 0.369 Bq/L respectively while Well 3A registered beta activity of 1.0 Bq/L. Wells 2A and 3D exceeded the radiological limits set by WHO and PNSDW of 0.1 Bq/L for alpha activity and 1.0 Bq/L for beta activity. These wells that are found adjacent to the perimeter fence of the dump site registered alpha activity (wells 2A, 2C and 3D) and beta activity (well 3A). Radiological activities in all other wells sampled registered less than lower limit of detection. For gamma activity, all wells recorded 137- Cs and 134-Cs activity less than the lower limit of detection. For chromium and lead concentration using FAAS, only well 3C has a chromium concentration of 0.0952 ppm and this exceeded the PNSDW standard for chromium in drinking water (0.05 ppm) FAAS has not recorded any value for lead. For chemical constituent analysis using XRF, two wells in zone 1 (LA and IC), have recorded lead concentration of 0.9 and 0.136 ppm, respectively. In zone two, only well 2D registered a lead concentration of 0.248 ppm. In zone 3, well 3C registered a lead concentration of 0.397 ppm. For chromium concentration, only well 2A in zone 2 has a chromium concentration of 1.79 ppm. The spot interview and ocular inspection found out that the following garbage are disposed of indiscriminately tn the dump site: (1) Television picture tubes, (2) Dysfunctional Computer Monitors, (3) Used syringes and needles, (4) Hospital wastes, (5) Automobile batteries and dry cells, (6) scrap iron, tin cans, paint cans, paint cans, etc., (7) polyethylene bottle, glass bottles, and containers of similar types, and (8) other organic and inorganic wastes. Wells whose values for gross alpha, lead, and chromium concentration exceeded the standard are unsuitable for dinking and other domestic uses. The observation that wells (2A and 3D) near the Calahunan dump site registered higher-than-standard alpha activity may be a good basis to conduct further research particularly on the effect of leachate from dump site.Item Perceived body image of female college studentsAlmonte, Darby April Gaye Q.; Tinsay, Shiela Mae B. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2003-03)The study aims to describe the perceived body image of female college students. Specifically, it wants to find out the activities of female college students relative to their body image; their exposure to the mass media in terms of enhancing body image; and to find out the influence of mass media exposure to their perceived body image. The study was conducted in the College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo. Sixty respondents were obtained from the population of Social Sciences students using the fishbowl method of simple random sampling. The Body Parts Satisfaction Scale (Spainhour, 2000), together with a set of questions developed by the researchers, were used in gathering the data. Generally, the results showed that the female college students have a positive perception of their body image. Also, the female college students do not engage in any activity related to body image, such as dieting and exercising. Lastly, they are well exposed to the mass mediated messages about body image in the television and the magazine but they are not negatively influenced by those messages, that is, they neither compare their bodies with nor do they want to look like the models in television and magazine.Item Water politics: The influence of power politics in accessing domestic water at Hamtic and Sibalom, AntiqueAller, Emmanuel C.; Macuja, Yra Frances O. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2017-06)Philippines has a total annual renewable water of 479 billion cubic meters from surface and groundwater sources (ADB. 2013). Despite this seeming abundance, water supply remains scarce and unequally distributed among rural communities. To address this gap, the national government has come up with various funding mechanisms for small domestic water infrastructure projects. This paper describes the different features of the barangay governmentrun water projects in Hamtic and Sibalom, Antique, funded through Congressional Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) from 2003-2013. It examines how formal mechanisms (government funding process) and informal arrangements (clientelism and power politics), influenced the access of barangays to water projects. It also describes how distance from the project site, financial capability, quality of water service, and relationship between households and incumbent politicians influenced people’s water access from the barangay government-run water utility once completed. Interviews among district officer, managers, barangay captains; and survey on 80 and 79 households in the two locales were utilized. Clientelism and power politics was found to have a general effect on how funds for water was allocated and accessed by the barangay from amongst many in the Congressional district. However, such was not prevalent in individual to barangay level of access.Item Television viewing patterns of children in a rural communityAllones, Christine Marie G; Montalvo, Nica M. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2007-03)The general objective of the study is to find out if there is a relationship between TV viewing patterns of children in a rural community and the socio-demographic characteristics such as age, sex, and the parents’ educational attainment. Specifically, it aims to (1) describe the socio-demographic profile of the respondents; (2) determine if there is a relationship between children’s age and their TV viewing pattern; (3) determine if there is a relationship between children’s sex and their TV viewing pattern; (4) determine if there is a relationship between parents’ educational attainment and TV viewing pattern. The data analyzed in this study are obtained through conducting guided interviews with 80 children. The areas included by the researchers in the study are the hours and days of TV viewing of children, their program preferences, their sleeping time, and the frequency of scolding of the parents. It was found that majority of the respondents are 10-12 years olds, males, and have parents who have both high educational attainments. Results reveal that majority of respondents spend between one to five hours watching television everyday. Their usual sleeping time is before or at nine in the evening. Nonetheless, many are scolded for watching television on weekdays but never on weekends. The results of the study concluded that there is a significant relationship between sex and hours of television viewing while age and parent’s educational attainment have no significant relationship in the hours of television viewing. There is no apparent difference between the number of hours of television viewing and the age and parent’s educational attainment. The only difference is that majority of male children watch television for one to five hours a day, while most female children watch more than five hours of TV viewing. Thus, there is a significant relationship between sex and hours of television viewing. On the other hand, there is no significant relationship between the days of TV viewing and the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. The researchers recommended that a similar study could be conducted in an urban area, covering a bigger sample size, and using other set of variables that can affect the TV viewing patterns of children. Other researchers are also encouraged to explore the field since there are not so many studies about them in the country.Item Colors of athletic uniforms: how they can affect the athletes' aggression, motivation, and ideal performance stateAlingasa, Aniceta Patricia T.; Dayot, Eva Marie S. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2014-03)This study was conducted to determine how colors of athletic uniforms can affect the athlete’s aggression, motivation and Ideal Performance State. Sixteen (16) members of West Visayas State University’s basketball varsity team were the participants of this study. A series of experiments and a set of scales were made for the participants to answer in order to gather necessary data in analyzing their responses. The results of the study showed that athletes have different emotional responses to colors, and that the colors highest in emotional response for the cool and warm domain were blue and orange respectively. There is no significant effect between color of athletic uniform and motivation, as well as aggression. It is found that the color blue fosters a more well- developed Ideal Performance State than the color orangeItem Waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index and hypertension among adult in the San Rafael Catchment Area in Miagao, IloiloAlfabeto, Ace Robert; Anglopez, Mae Therese; Arzaga, Rhodora; Jocsing, Christy Joy; Sandoy, Rovi Floresa; Tan. Louie Lito (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2009-03)A cross sectional study was conducted among 169 randomly selected adults of selected barangays served by the San Rafael Health Center in Miagao, Iloilo. The study determined the relationship of anthropometric measures Body Mass Index and Waist to Hip Ratio with hypertension. Several biological and socio-demographic variables including age, physical activity, family history, family income, smoking and alcohol consumption were studied to determine their possible association with hypertension. These were analyzed with binary logistic regression for their possible association with hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension in the San Rafael Catchment Area was found to be 47.3%. This value is greater than the 22% national prevalence obtained in the 6th National Nutrition Survey of Filipino adults in 2003-2004. A higher prevalence of hypertension was found to be higher among males (51.4%) than in females (44.2%). the prevalence of hypertension obtained using BMI as an indicator of overweight and obese individuals was 51.2%. On the other hand, the prevalence of hypertension using WHR as a measure of android obesity was found to be lower (45.6%). Based on analysis with binary logistic regression, none of the confounding factors (sex, age, family history, physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption) was significantly associated with hypertension. Body Mass Index was used in the study to identify those who were overweight and obese and Waist to Hip ratio to identify those who had android obesity. Based on body mass index, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be 15.38%. The prevalence of android obesity based on Waist to Hip Ratio was found to be 40.24%. Body Mass Index was positively correlated to SBP but not to DBP based on analysis by linear regression. However, low R squared values show that BMI is a poor indicator for hypertension. Likewise, WHR was positively correlated to both SBP and DBP by linear regression, but was also found to be a poor indicator of hypertension. The results obtained recommend further study in the San Rafael Catchment area. The prevalence of hypertension and android obesity are found to be much higher than national statistics. However, no significant relationship between the anthropometric measurements and hypertension could be drawn from the present study.