UPV Theses and Dissertations
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Item Responses to the sugar industry crisis: The case of Negros OccidentalCabanting, Crispy A. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2001-03)This paper analyzes the responses to the collapse of the sugar industry of the local government, non-government organizations, sugar worker households, the sugar industry particularly the haciendas, and other industries. It shows that the local government and the non-government organizations have provided long-term assistance towards the recovery of the province. On the other hand, the sugar industry (haciendas), other industries and households have diversified and specialized, looked into other sources of income and ventured into other kinds of production. The paper also determines the socioeconomic status of the residents of the province of Negros Occidental before, during, and after the crisis. Since 1988, the levels of malnutrition, unemployment and estimated vital rates in the province of Negros Occidental have slowly approached manageable levels partly because of various intervention programs by local government and non-government organizations.Item Comparative development of larval performance of catfish hybrids (Clarias macrocephalus Gunther x Clarias gariepinus Burchell)Cabanos, Cerrone Salamat (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2003-03)Our native catfish, Clarias macrocephalus, is one of the most well-accepted fish in the country. With its soft and savory flesh, this species has high demand in local markets. However, due to its relatively slow growth and poor breeding activity, our native catfish has become rarely used nowadays in aquaculture. This led to the introduction of exotic and faster growing species like the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, and Thai catfish, Clarias batrachus, which in turn, resulted to the near extinction of the native species. There is therefore a perceived need to undertake a breeding program involving this native catfish and other exotic species. One potential solution to increase our production rate of the native catfish is to hybridize it with the African catfish. Interspecific hybridization has been a popular breeding program utilized by researchers attempting to produce fish expressing hybrid vigor (positive heterosis) or for combining valuable traits from more than one species. This study is on the characterization of the early developmental stages of fertilized eggs and the comparison of larval performance (in terms of percent fertilization, hatching and larval survival) resulting from the artificial cross of Clarias macrocephalus (native catfish) and Clarias gariepinus (African catfish) and its parental species. In comparing the rates of egg development among crosses (all macrolecithal and discoidal cleavage), it was determined that fertilized eggs of the standard hybrid cross (C. gariepinus male x C. macrocephalus female) have a relatively faster rate of development than those from the reciprocal cross (C. macrocephalus male x C. gariepinus female). Results on determination of larval performance showed that there is no significant difference in percent fertilization and percent survival after 7 days between hybrid and parental crosses. However, in terms of percent hatching, the reciprocal hybrid cross (C macrocephalus male x C. gariepinus female), together with the C. gariepinus x C. gariepinus parental cross had a significantly higher percent hatching (P < 0.01) compared to the standard cross (C. gariepinus male x C. macrocephalus female).Item A case study on the coastal resource co-management of Concepcion, IloiloCaballero, Noemi G.; Overio, Sheryl R. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2003-03)The research study is entitled A CASE STUDY ON COASTAL RESOURCE COMANAGEMENT IN CONCEPCION, ILOILO. The study answers the following objectives, first, to determine the contextual attributes of the municipality in terms of: a biophysical, b) market c) socio-cultural d) institutional and organizational attributes. Second, to assess the institutional and organizational arrangement of state and non-state actors which include Department of Agriculture, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, the non-governmental organizations, and their relationship with one another in coastal resource co-management in Concepcion. Iloilo. Third, is to determine the type of coastal co-management arrangement that exist in the municipality. The conceptual framework of the study was adopted from the International Council for Living and Aquatic Resource Management (ICLARM). Specifically, the researchers focused on the organizational and institutional arrangement among state and non-state actors in co-management arrangements. A determination was also made on the type of comanagement arrangement existing in the municipality. In the conduct of the study, the researchers conducted interviews with key informants and prepared questionnaires for the fisherfolk-respondents. The respondents are the following: a) Department of Environment and Natural Resources, b) Department of Agriculture, c) Local Government Officials (Legislative and Executive), d) Northern Iloilo Alliance for Coastal Development (NIACDEV), e) Tambaliza Small-Scale Fishermen's Association (TASFA). f) Nipa Small- Scale Fishermen's Association (NISFA). The results of the study showed that a consultative type of co-management arrangement exists in Concepcion based on a frequency count of answers to questionnaires, interviews conducted by the researchers, and an analysis of legal policies.Item A preliminary study on the freezing tolerance of milkfish (Chanos chanos, Forskal) embryosBuendia, Jeremiah C. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-03)Milkfish embryos of blastula and C-shaped stages were tested for cryoprotectant toxicity using DMSO and glycerol at 10%, 12% and 15% concentrations. Survival and hatching as well as the effects of freezing were observed. Glycerol was more toxic than DMSO. Freezing at 4°C resulted in the decrease of hatching, and ice crystal formation killed the embryos during the process of freezing to -80°C. C-shaped embryos had a higher survival and hatching than the blastula stage embryos in the toxicity and cold shock tests.Item Antifungal activities of alginate films incorporated with lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil on sliced breadBronzal, Lucile A. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2018-06)The accumulation of non-degradable and non-recyclable waste materials leads researches to venture on biopolymer films which have been regarded as the promising green substitutes of non-biodegradable plastic materials. However, food products can be subjected to contamination by bacteria and fungi. The addition of plant derived essential oil can control microbial contamination of foods by reducing the growth rate of target microorganisms or by inactivating microorganisms by direct or indirect contact. Incorporating antimicrobial compounds into films provides a different way to improve the safety of ready-to-eat foods. In this study, the efficiency of synthesized alginate films incorporated with lemon grass essential oil (LGEO) for antifungal activity on white bread was evaluated. Two sets of film were prepared the (1) LGEO - Ethanol incorporated films and (2) LGEO — β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex films via solution casting method. Furthermore, the FTIR analysis of the generated films was also assessed to identify the functional groups present in the film that facilitates its antifungal property. Experimental results showed that LGEO enhanced the antifungal properties in the films and significantly slowed down the propagation of fungi on white sliced bread. After two weeks of storage, all bread samples packed with various film samples showed fungal growth. It was found out that citral is the main component of essential oil which contributes to the inhibition of fungal growth. The incorporation of LGEO in the film decreased the O-H peak absorbance while the inclusion complex in the film increases the O-H peak absorbance and broad O-H peaks were also obtained.Item The effect of different levels of salinity on the spanning of ablated mudcrab Scylla serrataBueno, Jesse L. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-04)Four salinity treatments with salinity levels of 15 ppt, 25 ppt, 35 ppt and 45 ppt with six replicates per treatment were utilized to determine its effect on the spawning of sexually mature bilaterally ablated mud crab Scylla serrata. The crabs range in weight from 250 grams to 580 grams and carapace width from 12.5 cm. to 16.5 cm. The results of the study showed significant difference (P<0.05) in the number of days when spawning occurred. The shortest duration when spawning occurred was at 25 ppt salinity with a mean value of 9.5 days. This was followed by 35 ppt and 15 ppt salinities with mean values of 15.69 days and 19.83 days respectively. Highest number of days when spawning occurred was at 45 ppt salinity at 24 days. All crabs died 2-3 days after spawning.Item The effects of compost produced from rice Oryza sativa straw and sugarcane Saccharum officinarum trash on the growth of pechay Brassica rapaBrizuela, Karlyn G. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2014-03)This study was designed to determine the effects of the application of compost produced from rice Oryza saliva straw and sugarcane Saccharum officinarum trash on the growth of pechay Brassica rapa. Experiments were carried out in a residential lot in Brgy. Punta Taytay, Bacolod City, Negros Occidental. Four set-ups were made with three replicates each. Each set-up corresponded to one compost treatment: treatment (A) was the rice straw compost, treatment (B) was the sugarcane trash compost, treatment (C) was the combination of rice straw and sugarcane trash compost, and treatment (D) served as the control in which no compost was added. The results of the statistical tests showed that there was a significant increase in the growth of pechay plants treated with the three different types of composts as compared to the pechay plants treated with the control. Among all the treatments, pechay plants treated with the combination of rice straw and sugarcane trash compost showed the highest growth yield in terms of the mean plant height (19.61 cm), mean fresh weight (44.95 g), and mean number of leaves per plant (8.99) at the time of harvest. Results also that showed that there was no significant difference in the mean fresh weight and mean number of leaves per plant at the time of harvest in pechay plants treated with the rice straw compost and the sugarcane trash compost.Item Survival and growth of juvenile sea cucumber Holothuria scabra Jaeger (1833) in shrimp pond sedimentBriones, Jill D. (2012-03)Many high valued sea cucumbers e.g. Holothuria scabra are detritivores and thrive on organic matter and thus are potential bioremediating agents in eutrophic systems e.g. aquaculture ponds. Sea cucumbers cultured in shrimp ponds would act as natural bioremediators and lessen the organic matter content of the sediments hence make the pond environment more favorable for shrimp culture. This study looks at the feasibility of growing sea cucumbers in pond sediments for their bioremediating role and for their economic value. In this study, growth and survival of hatchery-produced H.scabra juveniles in Bare substrate (Treatment 1), Sand from natural habitat (Treatment 2) and Shrimp Pond sediment (Treatment 3) were compared after 5 weeks of culture. This study demonstrates that it is feasible to grow H. scabra juveniles in shrimp pond sediments without compromising their survival (p > 0.05). Results showed that those reared in Pond sediment grew best and significantly better compared to the other treatments (ANOVA, p<0.05). Juveniles grown in Pond sediment increased from mean weight of 3g to 14g while in the other treatments they just grew from mean of 2.7g to 8.7g. The consistently higher organic matter in Pond sediment could have contributed to better growth of sea cucumbers relative to other treatments. The bioremediating role of sea cucumbers was indicated by significant reduction in organic matter content in pond sediment by Week 5.Item Filtration rate of the marine clam, Kaltelysia sp. at different light intensities and fed with microalgae Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros calcitransBravo, Agnes Therese A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2005-04)Filtration rate of the marine clam, Katelysia with body lengths ranging from 5-6 cm and body weight from 45-65 g were determined by using the indirect method of suspension depletion and monitored by direct algal cell count. The effects of light intensity and algal species on the feeding behavior of the clam were determined. The first treatment involves total darkness where the basins containing the clams were covered with black plastic bag. In the second treatment, the basins with the clams were placed under ordinary light condition (12h light; 12h dark) and in the third treatment, the basins with the clams were positioned under a 20-watt bulb with continuous illumination (24h light). Results showed significant differences in the filtration rates of clams in different light intensities. It showed higher filtration rate in the total darkness treatment (F=0.132555907) followed by the 12h light: 12h dark treatment and lowest at the treatment provided with 24 h illumination. Apparently, illumination affected valve opening and siphon extension of the clam which also affected the filtration rate of Katelysia. Under total darkness treatment, the clams opened their valves and extended their siphons. Hence, there was highest ingestion of algae or filtration in total darkness which showed to be the optimum condition to stimulate or promote feeding. In the algal species preference experiment, the food used were either Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros calcitrans , or a mixture of both. Results showed that I. galbana had the highest number of cells ingested by the clams and removed from suspension. This is considered to be the preferred algal species (F=0.119713) followed by a mixture of both, and lowest on the treatment where C. calcitrans was used as food. The preference of the clam on Isochrysis galbana over Chaetoceros calcitrans could be its smaller size based on dry weight.Item Household food security and nutritional status of preschoolers in Valderrama, AntiqueBraga, Mayet Ann D.; Gordon, Cyrus John G.; Guisihan, Thanz Pamela G., II; Jamili, JC John T.; Ledesma, Migil G.; Lim, Diana L.; Lim, Lenny Joy G.; Malalu-an, Rosalie A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2005-03)The study is a cross-sectional survey of 138 randomly selected households from ten (10) similarly randomly-selected barangays in Valderrama, Antique. This study aims to determine household food security and nutritional status of pre-schoolers in Valderrama, Antique. The study specifically aimed to: determine the status of household food security in Valderrama, Antique; describe the characteristics of households in terms of Age and Highest Educational Attainment of Caretakers, Annual Family Income (in Pesos), Income Allotment for Food, House Ownership, Number of Household Members and Food Source; and compare the nutritional status of pre-schoolers of food secure and food insecure households based on the following anthropometric parameters: Weight for age (WFA), Height / length for age (H/LFA) and Weight for height (WFH). The study is patterned after the national survey done by the Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) that ranked Antique as the province with the highest degree of malnutrition. Food security was determined using the Food-Security/Hunger Core Module, 3-Stage Design, with Screeners. Anthropometric measurements were taken from randomly selected preschoolers aged 0-5 from each household to determine the nutritional status. The current study revealed that the prevalence of food insecurity in Valderrama, Antique is very high at 94.9%. The level of food insecurity was further determined and the following results were obtained: 17.6% of the food insecure households were without hunger; 56.5% were the food insecure households were without hunger; 56.5% were food insecure with moderate hunger, and, 26.0% were food insecure with severe hunger. Only 5.1% of the households surveyed were food secure. The results showed that in terms of the anthropometric parameters used in the study (Weight for Age, Height for Age, Weight for Height), all pre-schoolers in food secure households were normal. On the other hand, in food insecure households, the prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting were high. Using the parameter Weight-For-Age (WFA), the prevalence of underweight children was 38.2%, which is higher than the national average of 27.6%. Using the Height-for-Age (HFA), 43.5% of pre-schoolers in the area were stunted (underheight) and which is again higher than the national average of 38.5%. The prevalence of wasting in the study was alarmingly high (14.5%) which is almost three times higher than the national average of 5.5%. The results obtained may be used as baseline data in planning intervention programs by the municipal government and concerned agencies (Government Organizations and Non-Government Organizations) to address the alarming problem of malnutrition in the municipality.