UPV Theses and Dissertations
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Item Bioaccumulation of cadmium, copper and lead by Hydrilla (Hydrilla vericillata)Baniago, Arjay C. (Division of Pysical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2007-04)Bioaccumulation of cadmium, copper, and lead by Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) were tested to 5 different initial concentrations. The water contaminant sample was composed of mixed cadmium, copper and lead metals supplied as nitrate salts. These were analyzed for the decrease in concentrations at 24-hour intervals for 5 days using the SpectrAA 55B Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Plants exposed only for 5 days were digested and analyzed. The plant growth was normal at lower concentrations and showed higher removal efficiency. H. verticillata showed maximum removal percentage on the 5th day of exposure at 5 mg L-1 for cadmium (90.47%) and copper (95.20%) but for lead was on the 1st day (96.74%). The order of metal ion removal and the actual uptake for the three metals by H. verticillata is Pb>Cu>Cd, but at lower concentration, cadmium was absorbed more than copper. The copper and lead uptakes by H. verticillata are superior as compared to other aquatic plants uptakes. Lead uptake at higher concentrations might be due to physicochemical adsorption of the metal to the plant components and not on metabolism-mediated uptake, because plant condition does not have an adverse effect on the uptakeItem Karyotype analysis of garlic, Allium sativum L. (Alliales; Alliaceae)Bandiola, Ma. Florma A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-03)The C-metaphase count of Allium sativum L. showed a chromosome number of 2n = 14, consisting of six long and eight short somatic chromosomes categorized into three distinct groups: ten m type chromosomes with centromeres at the median region, two sm type chromosomes with submedian centromere and two st type chromosomes with subterminal centromere, Mitotic index for the species was computed at 16.88%.Item Antioxidative properties of the fruits of selected tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) varietiesBaltazar, Gleza Wae D. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-05)This study was conducted to compare the antioxidative properties of greenstage fruits of selected Lycopersicon esculentum Miller varieties (Diamante, Diamante Max, and Pidada) from Barangay Durog, Miagao, Iloilo. The fresh fruit samples were extracted with 95% ethanol. The crude extracts were concentrated using rotary evaporator. The antioxidant activity of the ethanolic fruit extracts was assayed for DPPH radical scavenging activity and the IC50 values were determined. The determination of the phenolic and flavonoid contents was done employing Folin- Ciocalteu method and aluminum chloride spectrophotometric method, respectively. The results show that the fruits of the studied L. esculentum varieties exhibit DPPH radical scavenging activity. The IC50 values, however, differ significantly among the varieties. The IC50 values for Diamante (24.22 ± 1.41 g/L) and Diamante Max (25.08 ± 0.45 g/L) are comparable but are significantly lower than Pidada (29.47 ± 1.33 g/L). These findings imply that Diamante and Diamante Max varieties have stronger antioxidative capacity than the Pidada variety. Moreover, the results indicate that the antioxidative property of L. esculentum is variety-dependent. The results of the determination of the total phenolic content, expressed in mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per g fresh sample, are in the order of 0.16 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g for Diamante > 0.15 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g for Diamante Max and Pidada. On the other hand, the results of the determination of the flavonoid content, expressed in μg quercetin equivalent (QE) per g fresh sample, are in the order of 6.31 ± 1.27 μg QE/g for Diamante >6.21 ± 0.88 μg QE/g for Diamante Max > 5.63 ± 0.94 pg QE/g for Pidada. No significant difference in the total phenolic and flavonoid contents was found among varieties. Nonetheless, the detection of phenolics and flavonoids, known antioxidants, supports the present results on the antioxidative property of the fruits of the L. esculentum varieties studied.Item Antioxidant property, total phenolics, manganese and iron content of humic acid obtained from Sta. Barbara, Iloilo artesian well waterBaltazar, Lenmark Anthony M. (Division of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-06)The town of Santa Barbara in Iloilo is famous for its reddish browncolored well water due to the presence of humic acid which makes up most of the water’s natural organic matter content. Because the well water is used by the local townsfolk for drinking and other domestic activities, it is imperative that a study must be made to assess its potential health benefits and risks. In this study, the DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extracted humic acid was investigated. It was determined that the sample contains antioxidants capable of reducing DPPH with an IC5o of 51.552± 0.652 ppm. Prussian Blue Assay for total phenolic content also showed that a 76.5 ppm humic acid sample has 14.169 ± 1.151 ppm in GAE. Flame-AAS analysis showed that the humic acid sample contains iron (0.8376 ± 0.0581 ppm). The manganese content of the sample was below the detection limit of the instrument. The results suggest that the humic acid extracted from the well water contains potential antioxidants which can be exploited for various commercial and medical applications.Item Gonadal maturation stages of pink-fingered vinegar crab, Episesarma chengtongense (Serene and SOH 1967), from Capiz, PhilippinesBallon, Shaira B. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-06)Pink-fingered vinegar crab is a nocturnal, burrow-dwelling, and tree-climbing crab that feed on mangrove leaf litters and foliage. This crab is a growing fishery resource in the Philippines and plays an important role in the nutrient cycling in mangrove areas. To determine the reproductive biology of this species, a one-year study was conducted to monitor the gonadal maturation stages of the pink fingered crab from President Roxas, Capiz. Collection of samples was done every first week of the month from February 2015 to January 2016. The determination of the gonadal maturation stages was done through the visual examination of the gross morphology and microscopic examination of the histological characteristics of the male and female gonads. A total of 425 (263 females, 162 males) crabs were dissected. Five stages of ovarian maturation were identified based on visual examination of ovaries, namely Immature (Stage I) with translucent to white colored gonad; Developing (Stage II) with a yellow colored gonad; Ripe (Stage III) with orange colored gonad; Mature (Stage IV) with two substages, the Early mature (Substage A) with brown colored gonad and Late mature (Substage B) with dark brown colored gonad and; Spent (Stage V) with light brown colored gonad. Microscopic examination of the ovaries revealed that ovary in Stage I is characterized by the presence of germinative zone composed of oogonia and maturation zone composed of previtellogenic oocyte, surrounded by randomly distributed follicle cells. Ovary in Stage II is composed of few oogonia, previtellogenic cells, and few endogenous vitellogenic oocyte on the periphery of the ovarian lobe. Ovary in Stage III is composed of dominant exogenous vitellogenic oocyte located outer the few endogenous vitellogenic oocyte. Ovary in Stage IV-A is composed of nearly mature oocyte while in Stage IV-B is composed of mature oocyte. Ovary in Stage V is composed of all cell types, disarrayed in the entire ovarian lobe. Two stages of male gonadal maturation were identified namely Immature (Stage I) with translucent testes that is composed of spermatogonia and spermatocyte when histologically examined and Mature (Stage II) with white testes that is composed of small, darkly staining spermatids. Size of female crab samples ranged from 26 to 48.1 mm carapace width (CW) while male crabs ranges from 26 to 47 mm CW. The smallest ovigerous female has 29 mm CW and the smallest male with mature gonad has 26 mm CW. Body sizes of ovigerous females were from 29 to 42.3 mm CW. The greatest prevalence of ovigerous females was in the size range of 30 to 34 mm CW. The highest percentage of the mature stage (Stage II) in male was in the size range of 45 to 49 mm. For females, the peak egg bearing season was May (87%) and September (92%). On the other hand, male crabs with mature testes were consistently high (70 to 100%) in all months of the year. The results indicated that the months of May and September should be declared off season in the capture of female crabs ranging in size from 25 to 44 mm CW. Only big females in the size range of 44 to 49 mm CW could be harvested. Likewise, also male crabs in bigger size range of 45 to 49 mm CW could be harvested. This is necessary to protect and conserve the existing population of this crab.Item Politics in rice producing irrigated area in Northeastern Iloilo (Barotac Nuevo-Pototan Area)Bajade, Ian Louie V.; Macaldo, Felipe E., Jr. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1999-04)This research project is an exploratory study which determines the power relations among individuals, groups, groupings and entities involved in rice production process in the rice producing irrigated area of Northeastern Iloilo. This study was conducted in the Barangays of Tabucan and Cabilauan of Barotac Nuevo and Tuburan and Tomcon Ilaud of Pototan using interviews with respondents and selected key informants and secondary data taken from the records of the Municipal Agrarian Reform Office, local government units, Philippine National Police blotter and farmers' organization of the locale of the study as sources of information of this research project. It was found out that: (1) there is a three level class structure in the locale of the study; (2) the three level class structure leads to a corresponding three level power relations among individuals inside the realm of rice production process; (3) the tenurial arrangements solely determines the distribution of productivity among individuals and entities involve in rice production and (4) the tenants are biggest class of exploiters in the production process brought about by the widespread practice of sub- tenurial arrangement-pamorsyento which makes the tenants "ersatz landlord" and exploiters of the nagapamorsyento-farm laborer. Tracing the flow of politics in rice producing irrigated area, it was found that the tenurial arrangement gives shape to the power relations in the locale of the study.Item Survival and metamorphosis of the mud crab Scylla tranquebarica larvae fed with Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia naupliiBallescas, Ella Anne M. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2004-03)Despite the growing corpus of research on cultural nationalism, the state's role in producing cultural nationalism in a post-colonial and non-western setting and the phenomena from a bottom-up perspective continues to be little explored. This study examines the conditions under which national political leaders pursued policies to protect the cultural heritage of the country's indigenous cultural communities for the aims of political nationalism. From a top- down perspective, the study looks at the context, intent, content, state's implementation and caveats of the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997. While from the bottom-up perspective, the study looks at how the Bantoanon indigenous community mobilizes and organizes to navigate through state bureaucracy and ‘reappropriate’ the state's nationalism to meet their cultural goals. To examine the phenomena, the study on the textual analysis of existing written primary and secondary sources supplemented with oral interviews of key informants and a review of available literature. It finds that at the national level, political motives partly animated the support of political leaders for indigenous cultural heritage protection policies; that the state used heritage protection policies to pursue its political purposes; and that the support for political leaders for indigenous cultural heritage protection policies was premised on the condition that it did not interfere with the state's interests and diminish the state's rights. While at the Bantoanon indigenous cultural communities level, it finds that despite the caveats embedded in the country's heritage protection policies, the indigenous cultural community could mobilize and assert its rights, thus enabling it to ‘reappropriate’ the state's political institutions to meet its own cultural objectives. This thesis, therefore, argues that the relationship between the two parties under IPRA is mutually beneficial, with both the state and indigenous cultural communities finding some utility in the law.Item Association of topography and demographic & socioeconomic characteristics to the compliance of mothers to reproductive health services in Maasin, IloiloAzarraga, Alyssa Faye N.; Brazas, Jodelyn M.; Bordon, Jenn Margarette B.; Dofitas, Adrian Bernard A.; Gadong, Joshua Vincent Y.; Matinong, Kathleen Erica D.; Paguidopon, Cyril L.; Tabanar, Bianca Ysobel S.; Tantuan, Liza Beth F.; Temelo, Jason Andrei C.; Ynzon, Samuel P. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2017-06)Reproductive health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being in all matters relating to reproductive functions and processes. This study was conducted in the 50 barangays of Maasin, Iloilo with the purpose of determining if factors such as topography (highland or lowland) and demographic & socioeconomic characteristics (age, parity, highest educational attainment, occupation, and household asset index) have significant association with the utilization of reproductive health services such as prenatal care, family planning and delivery care. A total of 356 mothers (160 from lowland barangays and 196 from highland barangays) from the municipality were interviewed using a survey questionnaire. Statistical tools such as Chi-square, Fisher’s Exact Test, T-test and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Using the results from the surveys, it was found that majority of the mothers from highland barangays had 6 or more children, low educational attainment, and low household asset index. Only educational attainment was known to be significantly associated (p-0.003) with compliance to prenatal care services. Parity was the only factor that was significantly associated (p=0.036) with compliance to family planning services. For delivery care services, age (p=0.047), parity (p=0.001), educational attainment (p=0.002) and occupation (p=0.003) were found to have significant association with topography, because mothers (31-49 years old) who are from highland barangays, who are unemployed, with low educational attainment and who have 6 or more children are more likely to deliver through non-facility based service. Results of this study showed that the rural health unit of Maasin has achieved a good coverage of prenatal care and family planning services since the values were not found to be statistically significant between highland and lowland barangays. However, the RHU still needs to restructure their projects to cater those mothers in highland barangays who still opt for non-facility based deliveries as it is statistically significant when in relation to topography.Item The relationship between the attitude towards women and the evaluation of sexism in liquor advertisements on televisionAzarcon, Criselda Jeremias (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1993-06)This study is on the relationship between the individual's attitude towards women and his/her evaluation of sexism in Tanduay advertisements on television. Using two sets of questionnaires, the study also investigated the relationship between each of these two variables on one hand, and gender, age, and religious affiliation, on the other. Attitude towards women is defined as the level of feminist attitude of an individual. Evaluation of sexism is defined as the individual's rating of sexist manifestations in television liquor advertisements. Sexism is the sexual discrimination against women by people. It is any distinction, exclusion or restriction made against women which has the purpose or effect of denying equal exercise of human rights and fundamental freedom in all fields of human endeavor. A manifestation of this is the sexual degradation of women which is the focus of this study. It is manifested by associating women with sex, or showing women as sex figures, such as showing them as sex partners or in sex-provoking images. The respondents were freshmen dormitory residents at UPV Residence Halls, Miag-ao. An accidental sampling was used to identify the sample population of 30. Using the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation the result showed that there is no relationship between attitude towards women and evaluation of sexism in Tanduay advertisement on television. Using the chi square test of independence, it was found that only five out of twenty-one items in the attitude towards women test showed significant differences in the answers of the female and male respondents, four out of twenty-one items showed significant differences in the answers of the religious groups, and one out of twenty-one items showed a significant difference in the answers of the three age groups. Thus, based on the results, attitude towards women does not affect the level of an individual's awareness on how women are sexually degraded in Tanduay advertisement on television.Item Comparing the quercetin content of different Allium sp. by spectrophotometryAsuelo, Allen Daryl F. (Division of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2007-04)Quercetin from two Allium sp. was extracted sequentially with solvents of varying degrees of polarity. The crude quercetin was subjected to chemical tests and the concentration determined by using Shimadzu mini UV-Vis 1240 Spectrophotometer. Results of the study showed that the extraction procedure used was effective in extracting quercetin. This was verified by the identical spectrum obtained with quercetin from the standard (Quercetin Complex) with the IR spectrum of quercetin obtained from the literature. The crude quercetin was positive to the both chemical tests, namely Baeyer's and Ferric chloride tests, subjected to it. Quercetin content in red onions was obtained with mean concentrations of 10.60 mg/kg at 362nm and 7.429 mg/kg at 370nm. Quercetin content in garlic was obtained with mean concentrations of 9.692 mg/kg at 362nm and 5.689 mg/kg at 370nm. The quercetin concentration measured at 370nm was quercetin another wavelength at 362nm measured the concentration of quercetin as flavonols. The result of One-way ANOVA at 0.05a showed that there is a significant difference in the quercetin content between red onions and garlic.