UPV Theses and Dissertations
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Item Navigating the redevelopment dilemma: The impact of Iloilo City central and super market rehabilitation project on ambulant vendors from rural areasBermil, Dannah Veronica M.; Magbanua, Gwyne Winnah B. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2024-06)This study examines the marginalization of ambulant vendors in Iloilo City's Super and Central markets during ongoing public-private partnership (PPP)-driven market rehabilitation projects. It explores factors influencing vendors' experiences and perceptions, focusing on the impact of PPP projects and the city government's response to their needs and participation in consultations. Employing a cross-sectional and exploratory approach, it used data from interviews from ambulant vendors and key informants and utilized purposive sampling and thematic analysis. Findings point to challenges encountered during redevelopment, such as sales decline and exclusion from decision-making processes. Ambulant vendors respond by diversifying products, yet they confront negative perceptions and insufficient support. Recommendations include advocating for fair operating conditions and city government assistance to ensure sustainable livelihoods. Drawing upon Urban Politics Theory and Resource Dependency Theory, the study underscores systematic marginalization and emphasizes the necessity of inclusive decision-making mechanisms to empower ambulant vendors within urban governance structures. Recognizing their agency and advocating for their rights can catalyze equitable urban development, benefiting all stakeholders. This research offers valuable insights into the intricate dynamics of urban development and the marginalized role of ambulant vendors, urging policymakers to prioritize their inclusion in future planning initiatives.Item Ascariasis and protein energy malnutrition among schoolchildren of Monteclaro Elementary School, Miag-ao, IloiloBerlin, Nellisa Marie; Chua, Enrique III; Daquilenea, Miko; Dorde, Cristy Joy; Hosillos, Juls; Libo-on, Dyann Dolour; Panizales, Katherine Royce; Robleza, Xela Patricia; Sanchez, Maria Lourdes; Sumayo, Marilyn (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2008-04)Ascaris infections lead to malnutrition and poor cognitive development especially to children aged 5-15 years of age. In the Philippines, protein-energy malnutrition is one of the ten leading causes of child mortality. From January to February 2008, a cross- sectional descriptive study was carried out in Monteclaro Elementary School to describe the prevalence of ascariasis and the prevalence of protein energy malnutrition and relate it to the demographic factors such as age group, educational attainment of the mother, annual family income, availability of toilet, and proper hand washing practice. Sixty eight pupils of the said school were included in the study with ages ranging from 6-13 years. Fecal sample of the participants were collected, processed using the Kato-Katz smear technique, and microscopically examined to determine the prevalence of infections. The weight was measured for weight for age index. A self administered questionnaire was given to know about socio-economic factors. Handwashing activities were utilized as a basis for personal hygiene. The result of the study shows that 12% of the study population has a mild A. lumbricoides infection. Weight for age measurement shows that 21% of the pupils are underweight. Pupils of the age group 12-14 were of the highest frequency of ascaris infection and pupils of the age group of 6-8 were of the lowest frequency. Twelve percent of pupils who have toilets in their household are positive for ascaris infection. All pupils failed in the handwashing activity. Twenty seven percent of the pupils whose mothers have no formal education were underweight. This is due to the level of education that the mother has achieved. Mothers who have undergone tertiary education know more about the proper ways to nourish their children thereby minimizing children who are underweight. Twenty-three percent of the pupils included in the study were below normal in the weight for age index. Trend shows that those families with lower income have a higher frequency of respondents that are underweight. For pupils with below normal weight for age 50% are without toilet while 19% with toilet. There is low prevalence of ascariasis in Monteclaro Elementary School. The results of this study do not truly show the relationship of ascariasis with protein energy malnutrition. Inconsistencies of the results with the findings of other studies are possibly due to low number of positive ascaris-infected participants and the low number of overall participants. Increase in the sample size and ascariasis positive participants within the sample are recommended to get more accurate results.Item Agrarian reform implementation in Barangay Indag-an, Miag-ao, IloiloBeñosa, Zoraida P. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1996-03)Agrarian Reform is a program set by the government to correct socio-economic imbalances by distributing lands to the farmers who are landless It is a means of uplifting the farmers from social inequalities and the bondage of poverty. Given the nature of the program, it is therefore important to assess the effectiveness of Agrarian Reform Implementation in the community level. Specifically, this is a study of Agrarian Reform Implementation in barangay Indag-an, Miag-ao, Iloilo. The objectives of the study are to describe the processes involved in the implementation of Agrarian Reform in Indag-an, to identify the benefits and support services extended by the program to its beneficiaries, to assess the effectiveness particularly the strengths and weaknesses of the program as perceived by its beneficiaries, to describe the relative effects on male and female household members and lastly, to draw implications on how to improve the Agrarian Reform implementation in the community level. Given these objectives, data were gathered from 35 respondents through a focus group discussion method. Personal interview and a case study were also done to assess the effectiveness of the program. The findings revealed that some beneficiaries believed that they benefitted from the program. Others, however, were a bit cynical towards its implementation. They claimed that the program was biased in Its implementation wherein it caters to the demands of the landlords disregarding the needs and problems of the farmers concerning the distribution of lands. The study further revealed that the support services extended by the program to farmer-beneficiaries centered mainly on agricultural extension, agricultural credit, education and trainings, cooperatives and legal services. Other support services such as infrastructures, health assistance, potable water supply and irrigation system were not provided by the program. As to the strengths and weaknesses of the program, it has been found out that the farmers repressed an ambivalent view about its implementation. They perceived the program as both having strengths and weaknesses wherein the former focused mainly on the processes involved in the distribution of lands while the latter focused more on the insufficient support services provided by the program. Finally, the study revealed that majority of the beneficiaries was male and women beneficiaries comprise only a small number. The male beneficiaries dominated the farm works, relegating women to household chores and aspects of farm work such as planting, weeding, preparing and bringing the food to the fields. However, women were given the opportunity as men in giving opinions, airing their views in the organization. Generally, both had gained from the program, where each has his/her role in farm production, even though the extent of their benefits variesItem Analysis of credit card demand of UPV Faculty membersBene, Ivanhoe C. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1998-03)This research is an economic analysis of the demand for credit cards of UPV faculty members. Specifically, the research was undertaken to: describe the social and economic characteristics of existing and potential credit cardholders; estimate the credit card demand of UPV faculty and determine the significant factors affecting the demand. Logistic regression was utilized since the research is composed of a binary dependent variable which is the willingness to acquire a credit card. Results of the study revealed that 40 percent of the sampled UPV faculty members were instructors who belong to age bracket 21-28 years old. In general, the average age of a UPV faculty was 38 years old with average annual personal gross income of PhP230,000. On the other hand, 18 percent of the respondents were willing to acquire a credit card while 19 percent were credit cardholders. Deferred payment was the most common feature being used by existing cardholders while traveling was the most frequent activity in which credit card was commonly used. On the average, an existing cardholder used his/her card twice a month with an average of PhP3,530 amount of credit availed during the month and paid an average monthly finance charge of 3.25 percent. SAS output showed that; merchant acceptability, convenience and income were the significant factors affecting the demand.Item The effect of the NFA rice subsidy program "Tindahan Natin" on the political attitudes of its rural poor household beneficiaries in Barangay Caraudan, Janiuay, IloiloBebelone, Diana Mae R.; Fernandez, Charity T. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2009-03)This study described the food security situation in a rural village where an NFA Rice Subsidy Program “Tindahan Natin” is in operation. It analyzes whether or not the Tindahan Natin program (IV) affects the political attitudes (DV) of its rural poor household beneficiaries. The research assessed the various levels of external political efficacy, political cynicism, political trust, and cynical statism of thirty-three (33) rural poor households (16 non-beneficiaries and 17 beneficiaries) in Barangay Caraudan, Janiuay, Iloilo. The study employed the Quasi-Experimental Method, specifically the Nonequivalent Control Group Design (NCGD). Using the non-probability purposive snow-ball sampling technique, a survey was conducted which assessed the sociodemographic profile of the respondents and measured their levels of political attitudes through Likert-Scale statements. Results show that the “Tindahan Natin” program by the government has been effective in increasing the accessibility and availability of basic food resources— specifically rice—in Barangay Caraudan. The levels of political trust among the beneficiaries of the food subsidy program is a a little bit higher compared to the nonbeneficiaries, which means that the government program has possibly strengthened the positive attitude and outlook towards the government, its institutions, and bureaucracy in general. All rural poor household respondents are highly cynical towards the government and the elected leaders and politicians. A substantial majority—regardless of being a beneficiary or a non-beneficiary of the Tindahan Natin—are highly dependent on the government’s provision of public services addressing food insecurity. There is no difference in the respondents’ assessment of the responsiveness of the government.Item A comparative study on the political awareness and level of trust to the government in relation to the level of political participation of in-school and out-of-school youths in Miag-ao, IloiloBaylosis, Jericho Alain G. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2005-03)This study sought to determine, compare, and analyze the political awareness and the level of trust to the government in relation to the level of political participation of the inschool and out-of-school youth in Miag-ao, Iloilo. Specifically the study tried to identify the political awareness of both in- school and out- of- school youth and the factors that influence their political awareness. It likewise sought to determine the differences in the political awareness, level of trust to the government, and level of political participation of both in- school and out- of- school youth. The study also sought to find out if the level of trust to the government affects the level of political participation of the respondents. One- hundred three (103) in- school youth were selected by simple random sampling from Miag-ao National High School and twenty- one (21) out- of- school youth were selected by employing the snowball sampling from the barangays that compose the poblacion area of the municipality of Miag-ao served as the respondents of the study. Likert scale was used to measure the respondents’ level of trust to the government and level of political participation. On the other hand, a “yes- no scale” was used to measure the political awareness of both respondents. The Mann-Witney Non Parametric test and the Chi-square test were used to analyze the results of the study. Research results showed that age does not affect the political awareness of the respondents but on the other hand, results of the study also showed that sex and educational attainment affect the respondents’ political awareness and that these two factors serve as a determinant of political awareness Comparing the results of both in- school and out- of- school youth showed both sets of respondents are politically aware, for their averages fall above the 50% line but the in-school youth showed a higher level of political awareness as compared to the out-of-school youth. In terms on their level of trust to the government, both respondents are undecided if they trust the government. Research results from the level of political participation of the in-school and out-of-school youth showed that both respondents agree that the youth should be politically participate. Lastly, the results of the study showed that the respondents’ level of trust to the government does not affect their level of political participationItem The socio-economic profile of the saltmakers in Barangay San Rafael, Manudurriao, Iloilo CityBedonia, Rosie J. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visaya, 1986-12)In general, the study was conducted to find out the socio-economic conditions of saltmakers in Barangay San Rafael, Mandurriao, Iloilo City. Specifically, the objectives of the study are: 1) to know the process of making salt in Barangay San Rafael; 2) to know the social- economic, and demographic characteristics of saltmakers; 5) to determine the membership and participation of salt- makers in organisations; 4) to know the problems of saltmakers regarding their work; and, 5) to be able to make recommendations based on the findings of the study. The study was conducted in Barangay San Rafael, Man— durriao, Iloilo City, where the salt industry is located. The respondents of the study are limited only to saltmakers who are residents of the said barangay., Third— ty (30) respondents were chosen as sample for the study through the use of the simple random sampling technique. An interview schedule was used to gather data and was administered by the researcher herself. Simple frequency counts, percentages, and averages were used to describe the socio-economic and demographic profile of saltmakers. The results of the study revealed that the process used in making salt in Barangay San Rafael is a conventional solar process used in making evaporation of seawater. The results also revealed that most saltmakers are working full-time, and have low education, host of the respondents belong to a nuclear type of family composed of a father, mother, and children. The total number of household members is 151, with an average size of six (6) members. Most of their household members are going to school, and there are more who are in the elementary level. The average household monthly income of saltmakers is Pl,500.32, 30 percent of which comes from saltmaking alone. Their average household monthly expenditures is Pl,000.52. They also live in a house that is semi-permanent, which ismade up of bamboo, lawanit, and galvanized iron. Their common household furniture is a radio. From the results of the study, the researcher concludes that the saltmakers are more or less within the poverty threshold of income. This conclusion is supported by Hr. Bernardo Villegas of the Center for Research and Communication. He said, “For a family of six (6) to live in animal or biological existence means the ’whole family has to earn an income of P2,000 a month." Most of the saltmakers are members of various community organizations like the Barangay Tanod (33%), Barangay Council (20$), Barangay Health Organization (1O%), and the Lupon (10%). Out of 18 saltmakers who are members of organizations, thirteen (13) belong to the high-income group and five (5) to the low-income group. This implies that the higher income group have the tendency to join organizations more than those of the low income group. However, the study revealed that the low-income groups are more active in their participation in organizational activities than the high-income groups. The common problems confronting the saltmakers are their low salary and the difficulty to find a job during rainy season when the salt industry stops its operation. Based on the results of the study, the researcher would like to recommend that the government should take steps in developing the salt industry in the country as there are more people who are dependent on saltmaking for their subsistence. The government must do something to encourage more capitalists to invest their money in salt- making so that the people in the poverty-stricken communities along the seaside will have source of income for their living. The government should help the saltmakers find jobs during rainy season as saltmaking can only be done during dry season. Lastly, the researcher recom- mends to the saltmakers of Barangay San Rafael Mandurriao to form a group and work together to demand an increase of salary from the salt bed owners.Item Worldview, life aspirations and quality of life of visually impaired children of SPED Integrated School, Iloilo CityBedia, Nadine Grace D.; Petrola, Mary Anne G. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2009-03)A large number of the Philippine population has visual impairment problems and many of them are children. The study explored on the worldview, life aspirations and quality of life of visually impaired children. Five (5) visually impaired children aged 11-18 years old who studied at SPED Integrated School, Iloilo City were the participants of the study. Using a descriptive and phenomenological approach, the visually impaired children were purposively selected to answer the interview guide. Findings show that children under study came from nurturing homes and they get different reactions from their peers when they were mainstreamed unlike that when they are inside the SPED classroom. Also, they regarded some life aspirations to be important but the likelihood of attaining these goals was low. Generally, these children have moderate to good quality of life. Their level of superiority is low, thus, they have this feeling of inadequacy.Item Survival and growth of the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra (Jaeger) juveniles reared at different dietsBaylon, Basil C. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2009-03)Sea cucumbers are economically important species, with high demand in local and international markets. Overharvesting due to this high demand causes depletion of wild populations of sea cucumbers. Stock enhancement has been resorted to improve the status of natural populations. This will need the development of rearing technology which includes studies on the effects of different diets on sea cucumber juveniles. In this study, the effects of five diets on growth and survival of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra juveniles were compared. The five treatments used were benthic diatoms (Navicula sp.) alone, combination of benthic diatoms and seaweed (Sargassum sp.) extract, seagrass extract alone, combination of benthic diatoms and seagrass (Thalassia sp.) extract, and commercial shrimp feed. Three replicates were used for each treatment. For every replicate. 10 juveniles with body length 1-2 mm were reared in a 3-L culture container with seawater and no sand substrate. Salinity ranged from 32-35 ppt and the temperature from 26-29°C. It was observed that there was a trend of increasing body weight, body length, and body width of juveniles as weeks of culture progressed. After 7 weeks of culture, best weight gain, increase in body length and body width was achieved in juveniles fed with either benthic diatoms alone or combination diet of benthic diatoms and seaweed extract. There was high survival in all feeding treatments except in H. scabra juveniles fed with commercial shrimp feed. The lowest body weight, length and width and lowest survival were consistently obtained from juveniles given commercial shrimp feed.Item A comparative study of the microorganisms found in the vaginal flora of pill and non pill user by Pap smearBayate, Aimee Sarena L. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-03)This study was conducted to identify and classify the organisms that are present in pill users and non-pill users. It will determine if taking of pills cause changes in the microflora of pill (combined) users and will describe the profile of both pill and non-pill users. The study use 200 prepared smears of the vagina, divided equally to both pill and non-pill users. The slides were collected at Dr. Ricardo Y. Ladrido Memorial Hospital, Lambunao, Iloilo by the family planning physician with the help of the medical technologist. The profile of the patients were also gathered to provide more information about the subjects. The organisms were identified according to their basic morphological characteristic. The results indicate that bacilli which is the normal inhabitant of the vagina is present in 200 samples. Cocci is present in both groups but occure more in women who are pill users. In the parasite group, Trichomonas vaginalis is present in women who are pill user and Candida is present in both groups but occur more in women who are pill users. The test for the estimation of the difference between two proportions reveal that the z values obtained from the experiment falls between the critical region which has a value of 2.58. Such a value indicate that the prevalence of parasites and bacteria are equal among pill and non-pill users.