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    Mangrove community structure survey in Iloilo River
    Bayate, Bryna Kimberly L. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2004-04)
    Mangroves are highly productive forests growing along tropical tidal mudflats and shallow water coastal areas where water is generally brackish. The structure of the mangrove stand in the Iloilo River was studied using the transect line plot method with 55 plots established in the 3 out of 4 stations of the river. Community Structure is described in terms of the following parameters: basal area, stems per hectare, relative density, relative frequency, relative dominance and importance value of the species and the Shannon Index of Diversity. Variations in these parameters are correlated with certain physico-chemical factors- soil and water temperature, soil and water pH, and water salinity.Nineteen(19) true mangrove species were found in the area belonging to 10 families. These include Mysinaceae family represented by Aegiceras corniculatum ; Avicenniaceae family represented by Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis and Avicennia rumphiana; Euphorbiaceae family represented by Excoecaria agallocha; Sterculiaceae family represented by Heritiera littoralis; Combretaceae family represented by Lumnitzera racemosa; Palmae family represented by Nypa fruticans; Rhizophoraceae family represented by Bruguiera cylindrica Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, and Rhizophora stylosa; Sonneratiaceae family represented by Sonneratia alba, Sonneratia caseolaris, and Sonneratia ovata.Ruciaceae family represented by Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea and Meliaceae family represented by Xylocarpus granatum, and Xylocarpus meckongensis. Avicennia officinalis has the highest total basal area of 650.69m2/ha, Avicennia alba, Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis, Avicennia rumphiana, Exoecaria agallocha, Lumnitzera racemosa, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia alba and Xylocarpus moluccensis have equal relative frequency of 0.074. Avicennia marina obtained the highest stems per hectare with a value of 38933.33, relative density of 0.405 relative dominance of 0.332 and importance value of 0.913. The index of diversity is 1.010, indicating that the area is diverse.
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    Physico-chemical analysis and assessment of river waters discharged by sugar milling companies in Negros Occidental
    Alger, Niña Xiamima A.; Arinzol, Shaira S.; Bobon, Steve Paolo P.; Daquilanea, Mikkaela C.; de Leon, Sarah C.; Hilado, Paolo C.; Lastica, Ariel C.; Manderico, Regine Viel D. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2010-03)
    This cross-sectional study was focused on the river waters discharged by six sugar milling companies in Negros Occidental. These companies utilize river water in order to operate and may alter the characteristics of the waters. This study aims to analyze and assess the physical characteristics, namely pH, oil and grease, temperature, salinity, turbidity, and color, and the chemical characteristics, namely biological oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia, phosphorus, and lead content, of these waters in order to identify the alterations upon its usage, detect abnormal characteristics, and eventually determine possible environmental and health hazards. Three samplings were done for each river’s downstream and upstream portions. The following tests and instruments were performed and were used on the samples: pH Meter for pH, DO Meter for DO, Wrinkler’s Test for BOD, PE Ascorbic Acid Test for phosphorus, Spectrophotometry for turbidity, Phenate Test for Ammonia, Hand Refractometer for salinity, Visual Comparison for color, Digital Thermometer for temperature, Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry for lead content, and Petroleum Ether Extraction Method for oil and grease. It was discovered most of the discharged river waters apparently had decreased pH and DO and increased BOD, temperature, salinity, ammonia, phosphorus, turbidity, and oil and grease content. Lead was detected on the all of the downstream portions. The pH and DO of most of the discharged river waters were ostensibly below the acceptable values while the oil and grease, ammonia, phosphorus, salinity, and lead content were above the acceptable ones. Temperature, color, and turbidity were the only parameters which fell within the acceptable values. Therefore, there can seemingly be environmental and health hazards posed on the residents living downstream since they are having direct or indirect contact with the contaminated or polluted water. It is recommended that laws should be made with regards to how the residents use the water and that the implementation of existing laws should be strengthened. Lastly, it is strongly advised that the DENR should increase the number of parameters analyzed during their regular monitoring, that the SMCs should improve the treatment of the waters, and that the effects of farmlands and communities on the river should be identified.
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    Biosorption of Copper (CU) and Lead (PB) by heavy metal-resistant bacterial isolates from Iloilo River
    Ampuan, Naira Mitz W. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences,University of the Philippines Visayas, 2012-04)
    Many indigenous organisms isolated from sites contaminated with heavy metals have tolerance to heavy metal toxicity and these microbial activities have always been the natural starting point for all biotechnological applications. It is therefore necessary to isolate bacterial strains with novel metabolic capabilities. In this study, a total number of 18 heavy metal-resistant bacteria (10 Pb-resistant and 8 Cu-resistant) were isolated from Iloilo River sediment samples (10° 41.974’N, 122°34.187’ E). Biosorption of Cu and Pb by the bacterial isolates was characterized to evaluate their applicability for heavy metal removal from industrial waters. Selecting the highest resistance to metal toxicity’ and biosorption, 4 isolates were identified by phenotypic characterization. Identification of the top four metal-resistant isolates designates: Vibrio charchariae (83%) for Cu4; Vibrio harveyi (79%) for Cu6; Moraxella equi (100%) for Pb8; and Phoecoenobacter uteri (92%) for Pb9. Evaluation of specific metal biosorption by the isolates after incubation for 48 h suggested that none of the isolates have good potential for bioremoval of metals from contaminated environments.