UPV Theses and Dissertations
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Item Antimicrobial activity of macrofungal basidiomycetous mycelia against Vibrio spp.Bagacay, Jann Felnesh Exe V. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2023-06)Aquaculture is vital for global food security, producing 50% of the world’s fish. However, infectious diseases caused by fish pathogens like Vibrio species can lead to significant production losses. To address this issue, antimicrobial agents are commonly used. Macrofungal fruiting bodies and mycelia produce bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties. This study aims to: (a) assess antimicrobial activity in isolated macrofungal samples against the fish bacterial pathogens Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae, (b) compare two methods (agar plug and crude extracts) for antimicrobial activity, (c) determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using agar well diffusion and the agar plug methods, and (d) identify the macrofungal isolate with the highest antimicrobial activity. Ten morphospecies were collected from the University of the Philippines Visayas Miagao Campus. The samples were evaluated using the agar plug and agar well diffusion methods. The results showed antimicrobial activity against Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The activity index ranged from 0 to 0.83 and 0.22 to 0.78 for agar wells, and 0 to 1.00 and 0.70 to 1.30 for agar plugs, against V cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus, respectively. Termitomyces globulus and Trametes sp. 1 exhibited the highest activity indices using the agar plug and agar well diffusion methods, respectively. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences in antimicrobial activity against both test organisms. These findings demonstrate the potential of macrofungi as a valuable source of antimicrobial compounds for controlling fish pathogens in aquaculture. Further research could lead to the identification and utilization of these compounds to minimize production losses and improve disease management in aquaculture.Item Analysis and assessment of the performance of the Municipal Leadership and Governance Program (MLGP) partner municipalities in improving health outcomesAraneta, Francine Nicole M.; Bebita, Valerie Anne N.; Endoma, Vivienne F.; Estanda, Marvyn Kerziel A.; Gupeteo, Mary Pauline Kriszl E.; Lebosada , Billy John F.; Magsipoc, Karla Mae B.; Pabello, Kimberly T.; Samoro, Karmela Marie G.; Villaruel, Rigel Kent Q. (2016-05)The Zuellig Family Foundation through the Municipal Leadership and Governance Program (MLGP) aims to bridge the gap between the Filipinos and the promise of universal health care through the local health managers. They developed a local health scheme with focus on the World Health Organization’s six building blocks of health system so the country can achieve the Millennium Development Goals on health by 2015. However, there are still no available methods that can measure the success of health programs such as the MLGP. In order to address this issue, the researchers proposed to quantify and assess the health outcomes and the municipality performance. Heath outcomes are represented using secondary data provided by the MLGP municipalities on the performance indicators for MDGs for health. Municipality performance is quantified using a scoring system developed by the researchers based on the performance indicators assigned by the ZFF for each WHO building-block and significant improvement in municipality performance was found. The health data was analyzed by comparing the medians of yearly data using non- parametric/distribution-free sign tests. Among the health indicators with complete data for all 28 municipalities, significant difference in health outcomes was found in the data proportions of ratio of facility-based deliveries (FBD), ratio of births attended by births attended by skilled personnel (SBA), contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR), and proportion of fully immunized children (FIC). Maternal and infant mortality ratio, under-five mortality rates and malnutrition rate did not show any significant difference within the two-year intervention time span. Ratio of facility-based deliveries and ratio of births attended by skilled personnel showed significant positive correlations with health financing, health service delivery, and total performance indicators. There is also a significant positive correlation between CPR and leadership and governance, health financing, health human resource, access to medicine and technology, health service delivery and total performance indicators. However, it is interesting to note that the data on fully immunized children showed significant but negative correlations with leadership and governance performance indicators.Item Dengue knowledge, policies, and Aedes Larval population in selected low and high dengue priority areas in Miagao, IloiloAmihan, April Rose D.; Basco, Arriane Mae P.; Escosia, Edmon B.; Monsale, April Joy P.; Solis, Jann Christian V.; Varon, Marianne Joy C. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2009-03)This cross-sectional study aimed to compare the knowledge, practices, and Aedes larval populations between low and high dengue priority areas of Miagao, Iloilo. Questionnaire-guided interviews were conducted to assess the knowledge and practices of the study population. Larval surveys were done to determine Aedes larval populations, expressed as House Index (HI), Container Index (CI), and Breteau Index (BI). Results showed that respondents from the low priority area were more knowledgeable on dengue than the respondents from the high priority area (p<0.05). Dengue preventive practices were found to be the same for both low and high priority areas. There was, however, no significant relationship between dengue knowledge and dengue preventive measures (p<0.05). Results from (he larval survey revealed that both low and high priority areas have HI and BI above the WHO standards (HI<5%; BI<20) and are considered “high risk” areas. Lastly, age (p<0.01) and educational attainment (p<0.05) were found to affect an individual’s dengue knowledge.Item Gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity and heavy metal concentration profiles of well water of the Calahunan dump site, Mandurriao, Iloilo CityAmarante, Hena Charma; Basquez, Mark Anthony; Brunio, Christian Allan; Dable, Nesel; De la Pena, Pamela-Di; Genterola, Janis; Oredina, Josette Marie; Padayhag, Dave (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2005-03)The study aimed to establish presence of radioactivity and concentration of heavy metals specifically lead and chromium in drinking water from wells within one-kilometer radius from the approximated center of the Calahunan dump site. Results showed that four out of twelve wells have positive results fro gross alpha activity and gross beta activity: wells 2A, 2C, 3A, and 3D. Well 2A, 2C and 3D registered alpha activities of 0.54, 0.033 and 0.369 Bq/L respectively while Well 3A registered beta activity of 1.0 Bq/L. Wells 2A and 3D exceeded the radiological limits set by WHO and PNSDW of 0.1 Bq/L for alpha activity and 1.0 Bq/L for beta activity. These wells that are found adjacent to the perimeter fence of the dump site registered alpha activity (wells 2A, 2C and 3D) and beta activity (well 3A). Radiological activities in all other wells sampled registered less than lower limit of detection. For gamma activity, all wells recorded 137- Cs and 134-Cs activity less than the lower limit of detection. For chromium and lead concentration using FAAS, only well 3C has a chromium concentration of 0.0952 ppm and this exceeded the PNSDW standard for chromium in drinking water (0.05 ppm) FAAS has not recorded any value for lead. For chemical constituent analysis using XRF, two wells in zone 1 (LA and IC), have recorded lead concentration of 0.9 and 0.136 ppm, respectively. In zone two, only well 2D registered a lead concentration of 0.248 ppm. In zone 3, well 3C registered a lead concentration of 0.397 ppm. For chromium concentration, only well 2A in zone 2 has a chromium concentration of 1.79 ppm. The spot interview and ocular inspection found out that the following garbage are disposed of indiscriminately tn the dump site: (1) Television picture tubes, (2) Dysfunctional Computer Monitors, (3) Used syringes and needles, (4) Hospital wastes, (5) Automobile batteries and dry cells, (6) scrap iron, tin cans, paint cans, paint cans, etc., (7) polyethylene bottle, glass bottles, and containers of similar types, and (8) other organic and inorganic wastes. Wells whose values for gross alpha, lead, and chromium concentration exceeded the standard are unsuitable for dinking and other domestic uses. The observation that wells (2A and 3D) near the Calahunan dump site registered higher-than-standard alpha activity may be a good basis to conduct further research particularly on the effect of leachate from dump site.Item OK ka ba TIYAN? oplan kalusugan, karunungan at bayanihan tunggo sa ikauunlad ni Yong mga Ati naming kababayanAndal, Julie Jane F.; Ayongao, Jamela N.; Caton, Kate Alyssa A.; Parcon, Prem Patrick P.; Sedayon, Niña Marie Y.; Villanueva, Roena Nicole V. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2013-04)World Health Organization reports that diarrhea is the fourth leading cause of death among children less than five years old and the third leading cause of illness among the children. The Philippines ranks second among thirteen countries included in the census in terms of the number of diarrhea cases causing 10,000 deaths every year. Main factors in the transmission of diarrheal diseases are: children not washing their hands due to lack of access to water and basic sanitation facilities, poor hygienic practices, and handed down practices from parents. Experts note that the incidence of diarrhea may easily be lowered by simply having kids wash their hands with water and soap. Therefore, the purpose of this project is to introduce to the community ways and means of preventing and managing diarrheal diseases by boosting the level of knowledge and introducing hygienic practices through the development of community-wide education programs that range from promoting healthy lifestyles in order to prevent disease and providing the community with safe potable water supply in Purok V- Serum Bukid, Barangay San Nicolas, Buenavista, Guimaras. Efficient uses of health services, adopt self-care practices and active participation in the design and implementation of health programs were also promoted.Item Prevalence of substance use among college students of state colleges in IloiloAgreda, Joji Marie Gela; Corio, Razel Joy Luceno; Hervas, Jeneline Espanol; Icabandi, Donna Joy Tabor; Melarin, Dianne Vallecera; Mosura, Joenalie Montano; Suspeñe, Rhoda Belandres; Vallejo, Arleen Joy Calanao (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2004-04)This study aimed to describe the prevalence, nature, and extent of substance use of college students enrolled in the main campuses of state colleges in Iloilo. There were 402 respondents coming from the main campuses of Iloilo State College of Fisheries (ISCOF), Northern Iloilo Polytechnic State College (NIPSC), Western Visayas College of Science and Technology (WVCST) and the lone campus of New Lucena Polytechnic College (NLPC). Data was collected through a questionnaire which was modified from the model core questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Results showed that 36.1% of the respondents had tried smoking. Their mean age of smoking initiation was 17 years with 13.5% having first tried smoking before 15 years of age. Their top three reasons for smoking are as follows: curiosity (44.1%), for fun (25.5%) and peer pressure (17.2%). Of the respondents who smoked within 30 days prior to the survey, 14.7% consumed more than 5 cigarettes per day. The results also showed that 33.8% of the respondents who have tried smoking usually smoke during parties while their usual place to smoke is either in their houses, dormitories or boarding houses (40.7%). There was a significant relationship between the smoking status of the respondents who have tried smoking and the following: gender (p < 0.0001), age (p = 0.0004) and year level (p < 0.01). On the other hand, smoking status of the respondents who have tried smoking has no significant relationship with the following: annual family income (p = 0.91). living arrangement (p = 0.63) and membership in fraternities/sororities (p = 0.17). Alcoholic use had a higher prevalence (65.4%) than cigarette smoking (36.1%). The mean age of those respondents who have tried drinking was also 17 years with 13.7% having tried drinking at an age below 15 years. Their top three reasons for drinking are: for fun (34.6%), curiosity (29.3%) and because family members drink (12.9%). Seventy percent of the respondents who have tried drinking drank 30 days prior to the survey with 10.9% consuming more than 5 bottles and another 10.9% consuming more than 5 glasses of alcoholic beverages. Of those who have been binge drinking 30 davs prior to the survey, 18.9% have been binge drinking 3 to 5 times. The usual occasion for the respondents to drink is during parties (72.9%) and the usual place for them to drink was either in their houses, dormitories or boarding houses (60.8%). The beverage of choice is beer (59.7%). The drinking status of those who have tried drinking had a significant relationship with the following: gender (p < 0.0001), year level (p = 0.005) and membership to fraternities/sororities (p = 0.04). Meanwhile, drinking status had no significant relationship with age (p = 0.06), annual family income (p = 0.85) and their living arrangements (p = 0.51). Shabu use had a prevalence of 2.7% among the respondents. The mean age of shabu use was also 17 years with 18.2% first trying it at 15 years of age. Their reasons for having tried shabu are: peer pressure (45.5%), curiosity (18.2%) and for fun (18.2%). Within 30 days prior to the survey. 45.5% of those who have tried using shabu have used shabu and 20.0% have used shabu in 20 or more days. They usually use shabu during parties (54.5%) and usually have tried using shabu either in their houses, dormitories and boarding houses (54.6%). Data shows that shabu use had a significant relationship with the following: gender (p = 0.0007). year level (p = 0.003) and fraternity/sorority membership (p = 0.05). It has no significant relationship with age (p = 0.09). annual family income (p = 0.92) and their living arrangements (p = 0.47). Results also showed that 5 % of the respondents have tried smoking marijuana and 4.2% have tried opiate type drugs. The mean age for having tried drugs other than shabu was also 17 years with 26.3 % having tried them at an age below 15. Thirty-one percent of those who have tried other drugs than shabu have tried within 30 days prior to the survey.Item Sea tidal occurrence as basis for estimating the time of child deliveriesAbello, Jose Hernany L., Jr. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1992-03)The study was made to investigate the reliability of using the predicted time of occurrence of high tide or low tide as a basis of estimating the time of delivery of a child. This was conceived because of the belief and practice of "hilots" which has never been proven scientifically. The data on deliveries were obtained from the Angel Salazar Memorial General Hospital (San Jose, Antique) and the Western Visayas Medical Center (Mandurriao, Iloilo City). Random sampling was used with ten deliveries chosen for each month in the respective hospitals from the total number of spontaneous deliveries for the year 1990. The time of delivery was paired with the nearest occurrence of high or low tide based on the Predicted Tide and Current Tables for 1990 published by the National Mapping and Resource Information Authority, Coast and Geodetic Surveys Department. The raw data were subjected to regression analysis using Microstat software. The linear correlation coefficients (r) obtained were 0.960 (ASMGH) and 0.949² (WVMC) while the coefficients of determination (r² ) were 0.921 (ASMGH) and 0.901 (WVMC). A strong positive correlation between the two variables was seen in both hospitals studied. The time durations before or after the occurrence of high or low tide within which a child could be expected to be delivered on the average were 1.68 hours (ASMGH) and 1.85 hours (WVMC). The study has demonstrated that the could be delivery estimated time of occurrence of high or low tide considered as basis for estimating the time of a baby.Item Pesticide exposure, Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP), and laboratory findings of farmers of Barangay San Ambrosio, Igbaras, IloiloAcuesta, Doneza Dee L.; Bernaldo, Alyka Joy D.; De la Pena, Leobert Julienne A.; Diestro, Joan Marie T.; Domingo, Megan Joyce N.; Fortuna, Edward Paul F.; Garrucho, Geraldine F.; Poral, Mechelle Joy L; Suñer, Ma. Alexis Kleanthe D.; Villanueva, Dana Diane C. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2014-04)This is a cross-sectional study which aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) towards pesticide use, its health effects, and the laboratory findings of farmers from Barangay San Ambrosio, Igbaras, Iloilo. Specifically, it aimed to determine the association between the number of years of pesticide use and the farmers’ MCV values. A total of 115 farm workers were interviewed and 109 (94.8%) of them reported pesticide usage. Among farmers who used pesticides, 90 (82.6%) consented to undergo CBC testing. Descriptive statistics was used for socio-demographic profile, KAP, and health effects of pesticide use. Whereas, Chi- square analysis was used to determine the association between pesticide exposure and MCV values. The farmers were knowledgeable about pesticides and its health effects, the route of entry into the body, and the fate of pesticide residues. Despite knowing the adverse effects of pesticides, 107 out of the 109 pesticide-using farmers (98.2 %) still agreed on the use of pesticides, and only 2 (1.8 %) were against it. They justified that pesticides are effective in killing pests to produce abundant crops and only some farmers knew that biological (61.5%) and natural control (63.3%) can be used as alternatives for pest control. In addition, most farmers (n = 94, 86.2%) used PPE when applying pesticides but were inadequate: with 81 (74.3%) using long-sleeved shirts, but only 17 (15.6%) using gloves, and 5 (4.6%) using eyeglasses. The lack of complete and proper PPE may be a factor for the self-reported health effects, such as dizziness (n = 59, 54.1 %), which was the most predominant, followed by burning sensation in eyes/face (n = 54, 49.5 %) and headache (n = 48, 44.0 %). No significant association was found between years of pesticide use and MCV using the chi-square analysis (x2 = 0.583, p = 0.318). It would be useful to minimise the use of pesticides, encourage alternative measures, lessen the time of pesticide spraying, and encourage the use of complete PPE. Prevention and intervention programmes regarding the use of protective measures and monitoring the health status of farm workers should be implemented.Item Project HALTapresyonArbado, Pearl Joy C.; Laurente, Inna Grace R.; Loberiza, Lamont Joseph S.; Militar, Anna Raisa G.; Quidato, Jun Pretzel E.; Ong, Meghan Y.; Salada, Anna Patriz F.; Salcedo, Yehonathan Joseph V. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2019-06)The World Health Organization has deemed hypertension to be a global public health issue. In the Philippines, 25% of the adults who are 21 years and above have high blood pressure (2014). HALTapresyon is a project that aimed to prevent and manage hypertension in Barangay Igtalongon, Igbaras, by (1) increasing the knowledge, awareness, and practices (KAP) regarding hypertension by 15%, (2) increasing the KAP regarding physical activity by 15%, (3) increasing the KAP regarding nutrition by 20%, and (4) manage the blood pressure of hypertensive patients. The establishment of a core group and the passing of a resolution were done in order to ensure the sustainability of the project. HyperTEAMsion was also able to donate 6 blood pressure apparatuses for the continuation of the weekly blood pressure monitoring. The project implemented a series of lectures that focused on three aspects: basic knowledge, physical activity, and nutrition, which were identified as factors that greatly affect the development and progression of the disease. This was done to educate the community and promote a healthy diet and active lifestyle as a means of preventing the occurrence and aggravation of hypertension. Activities, such as DASH TAH!, Blood Pressure Moni-training, and the use of a journal, offered a more hands-on approach on educating and improving the practices of the residents. Information, education, and communication materials were also distributed to hypertensives and non-hypertensives alike. Post assessment mean scores for KAP on General Information, Physical Activity, and Nutrition, improved by 16.81%, 15.96%, and 29.70% respectively, all showing a statistical difference. For the non-hypertensives, there was a 36.94% increase in KAP. Weekly monitoring was done in relation to the management of blood pressure and it showed that 77.03% of the hypertensive individuals decreased or maintained their blood pressure. Therefore, Project HALTapresyon could be used on the prevention and management of hypertension.Item The relationship between the intensity of common soil-transmitted intestinal helminthiasis and nutritional status among schoolchildren of Miagao-West Central Elementary School (MWCES), Miagao, IloiloAlojepan, Jake L.; Lee, Raymond V.; Mediodia, Harold P.; Tansiongco, Venjune P.; Tubola, Keith Anthony V. (Division of Biological Sciences,, 2003-03)This study aimed to determine the relationship between the intensity of infection of common soil-transmitted intestinal helminths (STH): Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Hookworm species (Ancylostoma duodeuale and Necator americamus) and nutritional status among schoolchildren of Miag-ao West Central Elementary School (MWCES). This study also aimed to determine the prevalence of STH infection and nutritional status, either stunted or underweight schoolchildren. There were 285 study participants out of 436 schoolchildren of Miag-ao West Central Elementary School. Stool samples of the study participants were analyzed using Modified Kato-Katz Technique to determine the intensity of infections. The study participants were grouped according to the intensity of infection: negative, light and moderate to heavy. Nutritional status of the study participants was also determined and was classified into stunted, underweight and normal. Height-for-age value was used to determine stunting and weight-for-age value to determine those who are underweight. Frequency count was used for the descriptive analysis of the data gathered. The Chi-square test for association was used in the inferential statistics. The result of the study reveals that 51.2 % of the respondents were infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, 36.5 % with Trichuris trichiura and 4.9 % with hookworm. The findings also show that 16 8 % of the respondents were stunted and 27.4 % were underweight. Finally, study reveals that there is no significant relationship between the nutritional status and the intensity of infection of common soil- transmitted intestinal helminths among the schoolchildren of Miag-ao West Central Elementary School (p= 0 706)