UPV Theses and Dissertations
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Item Comparison of the length-weight relationship between starved and fed Scylla tranquebarica crabletsArroyo. Ritchel B. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2003-04)This study aimed to determine the length-weight as well as the width-weight relationships of the Scylla tranquebarica crablets when starved and fed during the intermolt and premolt stages. Molt stages were identified and then the crablets were subjected to feeding or starvation for 36 days. Regression analysis showed the length-weight relationship of the Scylla tranquebarica crablets, including carapace length, carapace width, and body weight when fed and starved. Regression lines for each category differed from one another. Results showed that the fed crablets in intermolt and premolt stages showed greater body weight gain per unit carapace length and carapace width. The intermolt fed gave the highest weight gain per unit length and unit width among the treatments. Equations for interconversions of length and weight and for length and width are reported for the premolt and intermolt stages when fed and starved.Item Composition of abundance of meiofaunal assemblages found in Banate Bay during NE monsoon and early summerArrivas, Johny Kevin B. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-05)The study was conducted in Banate Bay, Philippines to describe the composition and abundance of the meiofaunal assemblage in the area. Field sampling was done during December 2012 and March 2013. A total of 41 taxa were identified, dominated by nematodes followed by harpacticoid copepods. The overall mean density of meiofauna in the shallow waters of Banate bay was 28.8 ind.cm'2. The high meiofaunal density recorded in the present study was due to sediment granulometry, water depth and percent organic matter. Macrofauna: meiofauna ratio was also high due to sparse number of macrofauna observed and the physical disturbances associated with seasonal rainfall. The highest density was recorded in March 2013 and the lowest was recorded in December 2012, albeit no significant difference. The temporal distribution of meiofauna was positively correlated with salinity (R = 0.59). Seasonal rainfall also influenced the meiofaunal abundance by affecting turbidity and salinity as well as causing physical disturbances (e.g., storm). Spatial distribution of meiofauna between the stations was influenced by salinity rather than the sediment granulometry, organic matter and turbidity.Item Effect of soil amendments on damping-off disease of tomatoBalofiños, Junnel B. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1998-04)Different soil amendments obtained commercially were tested for their ability to suppress damping-off disease of tomato. Compost, animal manure, inorganic fertilizer, and green manure were applied to autoclaved soil prior to addition of a pathogenic inoculum. The biological control of the damping-off disease was evaluated by monitoring disease incidence in every plot of 50 seedlings for 25 days. Compost and animal manure significantly reduced disease incidence while green manure and inorganic fertilizer did not yield significant results as compared to the nonamended control soil. Percent emergence, dry matter content, and height were not at all affected by the different treatments.Item Spatial variations of Benthic meiofauna communities from Palompon Bay, Northern LeyteBalasa, Melvy June (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2013-04)Meiofauna play a significant role in maintaining ecological balance in marine ecosystems especially in the dynamics of the seagrass meadows. The meiofauna links the upper trophic level with detritus-feeding organisms. Only few studies have been conducted in the Philippines, while no studies have been. This study was conducted in Palompon, northern Leyte in November 2011, to determine the spatial distribution of meiobenthic fauna in the area and to compare community structure in terms of species composition, species density, and species diversity among five stations included in the survey. Twenty taxa were identified with nematodes being numerically dominant, followed by harpacticoid copepods. It also showed the highest mean abundance for the entire habitat type. The overall mean density was 194585.1528 ind. m2, with the highest population at station 4. And the lowest population was recorded at station 2. Soft bottom habitat showed the highest recorded mean density among the 5 stations, Harpacticoids mostly dominated sandy substrate while nematodes were widely distributed.Item Assessment of heavy metal traces (Copper and lead) in the soft tissue of Oysters Crassostrea virginicaBalboa, Dexter G. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2010-04-05)The bivalve mollusk Crassostrea virginica is abundant in Brgy. Calaparan, Arevalo and Brgy. Bacong, Dumangas; and are widely consumed by the residence as food. Bioaccumulation of Copper and Lead in the soft tissues of C. virginica from Brgy. Calaparan, Arevalo and Brgy. Bacong, Dumangas were measured and checked if they are still within the permissible levels of Copper and Lead in food based on Median International Standards for metals compiled by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Metal concentrations (μg/g) were determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Mean concentrations of the heavy metals in C. virginica from Calaparan, Arevalo- Cu 27.829, Pb 1.2133; Bacong, Dumangas- Cu 57.834, Pb 0.1338. These levels of Copper and Lead in oyster tissue from both sites are within the the range of Median International Standards for metals and are safe for human consumption. Statistical analysis through one- way ANOVA (F > Fcrit, showed significant difference between sites (Fcrit = 18.51282) for Copper (F value, 215.06569) but not for Lead (F value, 2.25151). The study also provided further solid evidence that bivalve like Crassostrea virginica can recover and concentrate environmentally derived and anthropogenic traces of heavy metals.Item Fungal pathogen associated with Rhizophora stylosa: A comparative study between oiled and unoiled sites within Taklong Island National Marine Reserve (TINMAR), Nueva Valencia, GuimarasBalanga-an, Kristoffer (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2009-03)Mangroves, refer to an assemblage of trees and shrubs that inhabit the coastal intertidal zone in tropical and subtropical regions. They help in the soil formation, protection, and stabilization of our coastal environment as well as serve as shelter and breeding grounds for some of our marine organisms. A mangrove habitat represents the borderline between land and sea and is considered as one of the principal places where spilled oil and associated impacts converge. Oil spill threaten mangroves by predisposing the plants to fungal attacks thereby reducing their resistance to stress and diseases. Studies also show that certain fungi species are able to utilize oil in contaminated mangrove species. This study generally aims to compare the fungal population found on the diseased leaves of Rhizophora stylosa between oiled and unoiled sites in the Taklong Island National Marine Reserve (TINMAR). It also aims to isolate, characterize and identify fungi present in diseased leaves of Rhizophora stylosa using potato dextrose agar (PDA) culture media and determine their frequency of occurrence. Leaf samples were collected from two sites in TINMAR, one of which was contaminated by oil and the other one was not. Three trees were selected to represent each of the two sampling sites (oiled and unoiled), and to each of the selected trees, three diseased leaves were collected. The results of this study showed the dominance of some species of fungi namely, Aspergillus (40%), Penicillium (20%), Cladosporium (13.33%), Monilia (6.67%), Mycelia (6.67%), Humicola (6.67%), and Pestalotiopsis (6.67%). Five out of these seven genera were isolated from the unoiled site while six of these were isolated from the oiled site. Generally, the fungal population was observed to be greater in the oiled site than in the unoiled. This preliminary data indicate that R. stylosa might still be undergoing stress due to the remaining components of the spilled oil in the area. However, this can only be resolved by further monitoring.Item Species composition, distribution and abundance of trees on a 4-hectare site adjacent to the football field Area of UPV Miag-ao, IloiloAlpuerto, Elise Raymond C. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2013-04)A four-hectare plot adjacent to the Football Field of UPV Miagao was chosen as the study area. The local name and scientific name of each tree in the plot were identified. GBH and height of trees were noted. Basal Area, Index of Dominance, Index of Diversity and Frequency were also noted. In addition, the distribution of trees in relation with soil and air temperature and relative humidity were also noted. Eight hundred fifty-eight trees were identified inside the 4 hectare plot. The trees were identified excluding seedlings of these trees. Twenty species of trees were identified in the sampling site. The top 5 most numerous species are Acacia, “Aratiles", “Mangga", “Kawayan” and “Gmelina”. The computed value of Index of Dominance is higher compared to the Index of Diversity, indicating that the area is not diverse and that certain species dominates the area. The distribution of trees is affected by the temperature ranging from 19.2 C to 39C.Item Community structure, biomass production and carbon stock assessment of mangroves in Barangay Ambolong, Batan, AklanAgregado, Leizel B. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2013-04)Mangroves are evergreen shrubs and trees of several unrelated families that thrive within intertidal zones of sheltered flats, coves, bays, and estuarine regions extending inland along streams and river where water is primarily brackish. Continued threats to their existence call for their protection and conservation. This study was conducted to assess the community structure of mangroves in Brgy. Ambolong, Batan, Aklan by 1). measuring physico-chemical parameters (salinity, temperature, pH) 2). describing the community structure in terms of and in terms of a) basal area, b) stems per hectare, c) relative density, d) relative frequency, e) relative dominance, f) importance value, g) Index of Diversity, h) seedling and sapling density, and i) zonation pattern; 3). to assess the bidmass production and carbon stock. This study was done to provide preliminary information regarding the current status of mangroves in the area. Three (3) transect lines, each containing three (3) plots, were established in the area. Twenty (20) mangrove species belonging to eleven (11) families were identified: Acanthaceae - Acanthus ebreatus, Acanthus volubilis; Arecaceae - Nypa fruticans; Avicenniaceae - Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis, Avicennia rumphiana; Bombaceae — Camptostemon philippinensis; Euphorbiaceae - Excoecaria agallocha; Meliaceae — Xylocarpus grioanatum, Xylocarpus moluccensis; Myrsinaceae — Aegiceras corniculatum; Myrtaceae - Osbornia octodonta; Rhizophoraceae - Bruguiera cylindrica, Ceriops decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa; Rubiaceae - Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea; Sonneratiaceae - Sonneratia alba. Water salinity in the study area ranged from 27-30 ppt; soil temperature ranged from 28°C to 30°C. Avicennia marina had the highest values for basal area (4.22 m2/ha), stems per hectare (15,700 stems per hectare), relative density (63.56), relative frequency (63.56%), relative dominance (48.10%), and was the most important species with the importance value of 175. Rhizophora stylosa had the lowest values for basal area (0.002 m2/ha), stems per hectare (100 stems/ha), relative density (0.40 trees/ha), relative frequency (0.4%), relative dominance (0.23%), and was the least important species, having the importance value of 0.832. Rhizophora apiculata and Avicennia officinalis, together with Rhizophora stylosa, had the lowest value for stems per hectare (100 stems/ha), relative density (0.40 trees/ha), and relative frequency (0.4%). Seedling density was highest for Avicennia alba(187 seedlings/ha) and lowest for Bruguiera cylindrica (1 seedling/ha). Sapling density was highest for Avicennia marina (54 saplings/ha) and lowest for Excoecaria agallocha (1 sapling/ha). The Index of Diversity was H=0.598. The highest recorded litter was 336.6 g in December 19, 2012-January 2, 2013 while the lowest was recorded at 18.2 grams in December 5-December 29, 2012. Highest biomass production was that of Avicennia marina (962.94 tons/ha), while the lowest was Avicennia officinalis (0.009 tons/ha). Avicennia marina had the highest carbon stock value of 433.32 tons/ha; the lowest was that of Avicennia officinalis (0.004 tons/ha).Item A preliminary study on the extraction of alginic acid from three species of brown algae: Sargassum polycystum, Sargassum cristaefolium and Turbinaria sp. in Taklong Is.,GuimarasAdelantar, Geoffrey V. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1996-04)Three species of brown algae were harvested in Taklong Is., Guimaras. These were Sargassum polycystum, Sargassum cristaefolium, and Turbinaria sp. These brown algae were subjected to physical and chemical treatment to extract and compare the amount of their alginic acid in the form of sodium alginate. Four seaweed collections for extraction were made between August to December, 1995. Values obtained during the first three extractions gave almost similar results. S. polycystum exhibited the highest percentage yield of sodium alginate with a mean of 22.84%. It was followed by S. cristaefolium at 22.21%. Turbinaria sp. gave the lowest yield with a mean of 14.12%. The last extraction somehow showed a decrease in the percentage yield of all three samples. S. polycystum yielded just 20.00%, S. cristaefolium at 19.00% and Turbinaria sp. at just. 10.10%. Several factors may have contributed to the differences in the amount of alginic acid of the three species of brown algae. Among these are the inherent capability of the different species of brown algae to produce alginates, the thickness and sturdiness of the samples, the viscosity of the extracts, and seasonal changes.Item Density of mangrove trees in selected municipalities in the Province of Antique, Panay Island, PhilippinesArelis, Ian Jerwin C. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2006-03)Mangroves line one quarter of the world’s tropical coastlines, and approximately 117 countries and territories have mangrove resources within their borders. Although over recent years mangrove deforestation has occurred at a phenomenal rate worldwide, constant assessment in the Philippines has been made to monitor its current status. To characterize the density of mangrove trees better in Panay Island, surveys were undertaken within the coastal and riverine estuaries in the 11 municipalities of the province of Antique. Detailed records were taken by transect and ocular surveys along 40 barangays with 75 transects and 223 plots established. The mangroves of Antique were composed of 31 species of true mangroves belonging to 14 families and a total of 16 generas. Considerable values in terms of relative density and stems per hectare were found with Nypa fruticans as the highest, with a relative density of 70.372% trees per hectare and an average stem density of 4,457.249 stems/ha. Other significant species included Sonneratia alba (4.534%; 625 stems/ha), Avicennia marina (4.524%; 1,525 stems/ha), and Rhizophora apiculata (4.232%; 50 stems/ha). Close examination of the data suggested the variability of distribution patterns and density to be attributable to the differing responses of individual species to the environmental factors and other human activities. It was also concluded that habitat classification and topography could directly affect mangrove distribution and also capable of altering basic zonation patterns.