UPV Theses and Dissertations
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Item The lived experiences of residents living near the sanitary landfill in Barangay Calajunan, Mandurriao Iloilo City amidst the Covid-19 pandemicAlegoro, Aohd Austin Josh R.; Layson, Marc Leo H. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2023-07)The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the Philippines' waste management system, including open dumpsites and landfills where COVID-19 wastes are processed and disposed, which in turn affected the way of life of the people who depend on these facilities for survival. This study aims to describe the lived experiences of residents living near the sanitary landfill in Barangay Calajunan, Mandurriao, Iloilo City amidst the COVID- 19 pandemic and to draw out lessons from these lived experiences that can improve current and future waste management practices and to advance the welfare of people living near the sanitary landfill. Particularly, this study focuses on the residents’ life as individuals, as members of the community, residents’ life in relation to their work, and the Iloilo City waste management amidst the pandemic. The data were collected through Key Informant Interviews and in-depth semi-structured interviews and were then analyzed using Collaizi’s Descriptive 7 Step Phenomenological Method. The study revealed that the pandemic altered the way the residents lived their lives around the landfill. These changes were caused by the policies and regulations implemented by the LGUs of Iloilo city and Barangay Calajunan as well as the changes that the landfill had undergone to adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic, this affected the residents who live near the landfill as their lives are intertwined with the waste management process of the landfill as Waste Pickers. Although there were many themes that were shared by the men and women residents in terms of their individual, communal, and work lives, there were other themes exclusive to only a particular sex that emerged. Further study is required in these specific areas because some of the themes found in this study contradict the reviewed literature or are unrecorded phenomena without any existing material to support or refute the findings.Item Framing deliberative democracy through the formation of Iloilo Provincial Youth Development CouncilAdelantar, Carmela Francesca S.; Alvizo, Sol Sophia Angeliene C.; Lozaida, Gabriel Angelo G.; Seva, Bianca R. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2023-07)This study was done in order to frame deliberative democracy in the promotion of youth participation in local governance through the Iloilo Provincial Youth Development Council (Iloilo PYDC). It examined the processes of decision-making and consensus building of Iloilo PYDC in answering the following research questions: (1) how are the members of the Local Youth Development Council selected; (2) how did the degree of influence of the youth sector in local decision making increase through the LYDC; (3) what is the role of the Local Government Units, civil society, and other stakeholders in equipping Local Youth Development Council to conduct deliberative policy discussions; (4) what are the best deliberative practices in Iloilo PYDC. The study was descriptive and made the use of 20-item survey, focus group discussion, key informant interview, and observation of Iloilo PYDC meeting. The research results indicate that the extent of power given by the Iloilo PYDC to the youth mainly focused on being a platform for consultation and discussion of youth interests, enabling them to set agendas and present issues that may not normally be addressed. They can then lobby local governments to include these concerns in development plans such as the Local Youth Development Plan (LYDP). The deliberative practices of the Iloilo PYDC have served as a platform for youth organizations to present and lobby the Ilonggo youth’s needs and interests. This research recommends that there should be a meaningful implementation of the Sangguniang Kabataan Reform Law and enrichment of deliberative democratic practice that will further strengthen youth participation in local governance.Item Lived experiences of parole and probation officers in a highly urbanized areaAcosta, Kathleen Eunice E.; Sanchez, Carl Andre M. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2022-06)The Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) operates under the banner “Redeeming Lives, Restoring Relationships” through the various programs that aid offenders in their return back to society. At the core of these programs are the Parole and Probation Officers (PPOs) whose task is to administer these programs and assess whether or not these offenders are ready to be reintegrated back into society. This study focused on the lived experiences of the PPOs in a highly urbanized area. Specifically, it looked into their experiences while implementing the programs, the challenges they faced while implementing the programs, and their interaction with their clients. Phenomenological approach was used to analyze, discuss, and provide a methodological framework for the study. Five PPOs coming from a highly urbanized area were interviewed for this study. The interviews revealed that the overall success of the programs under the PPA is highly reliant on the collaboration of society with the PPOs in helping the offender re-enter society. The study also identified the lack of funding, and the highly bureaucratic processes within the PPA as the largest area of concern among PPOs. That is, as a result of this bureaucratic nature of the PPA, it translates to lesser manpower in addressing the high number of cases that the PPOs cater to. The participants shared that because of the lack of manpower and the influx of cases they handle they are unable to effectively and efficiently perform their task as mandated by law. This study recommends that further research should look into the impacts of the plea-bargaining policy towards the justice system and how the roles of PPOs are affected by it. Furthermore, research geared towards the current programs currently being implemented by the PPA is suggested by this study. Lastly, the national government should reassess its hiring practices and re-evaluate budget allocations for the PPA given that it is severely understaffed while the workload has been consistently increasing.Item Isugid sa luy-a: "Professional" competence in Tibiaoanon's healing rituals and practices —from 1978 to 2021Alvarado, Samantha Joy A. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2022-07)Following the interactions between the local healer’s ethnomedical knowledge and professional’s modern medical practices, this study forwards the idea of professional competence, as a reciprocation of Cross et. al’s Cultural Competence theory, which shifts the focus of examination from medical experts to Tibiao traditional local healers who had subscribed and adopted the methods and principles of medical professionals. A documentation of the predominant healing rituals in Tibiao, Antique, namely, pangluy-a, pagbutbot, and pagtong-li as well as Tibiaoanon’s concept of health and illnesses was done to anchor the analysis of professional competence. Using the idea of Espanola on cultural competence, particularly, on cultural self-assessment and integration of knowledge in the health practices, this study analyzed the narratives of the respondents and proved that professional competence manifested in how manugbulongs or local healers assessed and acknowledged their views about their selves and about medical professionals and their practices throughout the period of 1978- 2021. Another manifestation of professional competence is the integration of medical knowledge through having referral systems to the doctor and the use of modern synthetic medicine to complement the healing rituals. Key informant interviews and participant observation were done with 15 respondents (manugbulongs and their patients) coming from Barangay Malabor, Barangay Martinez, and Barangay San Francisco Sur in Tibiao, Antique. Expanding on the cultural competence theory, professional competence, therefore, showed that manugbulongs did not necessarily resist and reject the influences of modernity but rather acknowledged and appropriated it to their own ethnomedical system.Item Factors affecting women's participation in small-scale fisheries in Miagao, IloiloAbordaje, Ira; Nocon, Kimberly (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2023-05)Small-scale fisheries is considered as a source of income that contributes to food security and livelihood sustainability, especially in coastal communities. However, women who fish are marginalized due to traditional gender roles. Their contributions to fisheries are frequently overlooked in economic analysis, fisheries management, and policy decisions. Women also uniquely experience multiple burdens due to gender roles and social expectations. This study analyzed the factors affecting women's decision to participate in small-scale fishing in Miagao, Iloilo. The study used surveys and the data were analyzed through binary logistic regression. Results showed that age, educational attainment, marital status, family income, and husband's income were significant in predicting women's participation. Furthermore, women are given secondary, easier tasks than men, participating in fisheries impacts women’s economic contribution and empowerment, and women in this industry still allot time for reproductive work despite spending most of their time accomplishing productive work in small-scale fisheries.Item Reliability and validity of the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) Filipino versionAng, Louise Victoria T.; Aquino, Kristina Mikhaela M. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2023-06)Resilience is defined as the ability to bounce back from a difficult event. Among the existing resilience measures, the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) is distinct in assessing resilience as an individual’s ability to bounce back rather than the resources that contribute to their resilience. However, the BRS’ cultural consideration was also found to be limited. Hence, the purpose of this study was to translate the BRS into Filipino and evaluate the reliability and validity of its scores. The psychometric properties of the scale were evaluated in a heterogenous sample of 561 Filipino adults. Cronbach's Alpha was measured to provide evidence of the score's internal consistency. While confirmatory factor analysis was done to provide evidence of structural validity. Moreover, to provide support of convergent, divergent, and discriminant validity in relation to other resilience measures (Brief Resilience Scale, and Connor Davidson Resilience Scale-10) and to variables such as emotions (Life Orientation Test — Revised), perceived social support (Interpersonal Support Evaluation List-12), anxiety, and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), correlation analysis and discriminant functional analysis was conducted. The BRS-F scores showed adequate reliability (a = 0.753). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the BRS Filipino version is mono factorial (x2/df= 0.004; CFI= 0.969 >0.95; goodness of fit index= 0.998 > .90). Correlation analysis showed adequate evidence of convergent validity while providing new insights on divergent and discriminant validity. Thus, the Filipino version of the BRS is a valid and reliable means to assess resilience as the ability to bounce back among a Filipino population.Item Contested waters: The Philippine national government and the plight of capture fisheries in Masinloc, ZambalesAcelar, Benjie L.; Gonzales, Renzie Anne A. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2022-06)China’s militarized presence in disputed waters around Scarborough Shoal (Bajo de Masinloc) adversely affected capture fisheries in the area. Filipino fishers with low income and lacking advanced fishing technology faced greater vulnerabilities in the face of competition, threats, and harassment from foreign fishing vessels. The study examines the relationship between these Filipino fisherfolks and the Philippine government, in terms of security provided. The research utilized a state-centered relational approach and the concept of governance in explaining the dynamics of the relationship, the government being the law making and enforcing body in ensuring the protection of Filipino fisherfolks. The findings suggest a lack of compatibility and failure in communication in the relationship ofthe Philippine national government and the fisherfolks. This is due to the continued campaign of the fisherfolks for their safety and livelihood despite government undertakings. There is a greater need for measures by the Philippine government to secure the fisherfolks from the presence of Chinese fishing vessels in their traditional fishing grounds.Item Exploring the impact of land grabbing on the changes in the livelihood and patterns of living of the local farmers in Abilay Norte, Oton, IloiloAbordo, Irish Ain P.; Davis, Patricia P. (Division of Social Sciences, Colleg of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2024-06)Over many decades, land-grabbing activities have escalated in different parts of the world, including the Philippines, largely affecting the livelihood and the patterns of living of the farmers who were often the victims. Previous studies have demonstrated the negative consequences of land grabbing on the lives of the farmers, mostly in African regions, and framed it as a highly apparent and coercive phenomenon, focusing on the experiences of the farmers during their struggle. The studies did not focus on the plights of the fanners after they sold their lands, emphasizing the changes in the livelihood and patterns of living that occurred. The study employed qualitative descriptive design in investigating the experiences of the participants to describe the experiences of the participants. The data were primarily gathered through key informant interviews of the participants, which were then analyzed thematically to gain a deeper understanding of (1) their reasons for selling the land; (2) the changes they experienced; and (3) the coping strategies they employed. The findings of this study largely attributed land grabbing as a major force in influencing changes in the livelihood and patterns of living among the farmers in Abilay Norte, Oton, Iloilo. It demonstrates that the large-scale acquisition of land has significantly transformed the different aspects of the participants’ lives. Hence, this study recommends a more extensive and deeper exploration of the implications of land grabbing in the local arena, directing it beyond the current focus to involving socio-cultural and socio-political factors as well as the other victims of land grabbing such as the fisherfolks and the Indigenous Peoples (IPs) in the Philippines.Item Inhibition of bacterial Biofilm formation by selected wild Macrofungi from Miagao, IloiloAnacita, Beatrice L. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2023-07)Biofilms are complex bacterial communities with high-stress tolerance and antimicrobial resistance, posing a global health concern. Mushrooms are known for their bioactive compounds, including antimicrobial properties, and may offer a solution for inhibiting biofilm formation. This study investigates the biofilm inhibition activity of wild macrofungi collected in Miagao, Iloilo. Five basidiomycetous macrofungi—Panaeolus sp., Chlorophyllum hortense, Lentinus concavus, Hexagonia hydnoides, and Daedalea sp.—were characterized. Bacterial strains were treated with equal concentrations of ethanolic mycelial extracts from the macrofungi samples and evaluated for adherence and inhibition percentage using a microtiter plate assay at 37°C for 72 hours. The results showed strong inhibition (>50%) of all macrofungi extracts against S. aureus. Hexagonia hydnoides exhibited the highest inhibition against both S. aureus (84.3%) and E. coli (14.1%). Chlorophyllum hortense, Lentinus concavus, Daedalea sp., and Panaeolus sp. demonstrated 83.7%, 82.4%, 81.25%, and 80% inhibition of S. aureus biofilm formation, respectively. However, the inhibition observed with all extracts against E. coli was not statistically significant (all <15%). The significant findings, particularly in inhibiting S. aureus biofilm production, indicate the presence of biological activity in the tested macrofungal extracts. These findings suggest their potential usefulness in the search for antibiofilm treatmentsItem Survival of nursery-reared juvenile milkfish, Chanos-chanos at different transport density, temperature and anaesthetic combinationsFailaman, Alan N. (University of the Philippines Visayas, 2020-06)ABSTRACT Experiments were conducted to optimize transport conditions of nursery cultured juvenile milkfish in a closed plastic bag based transport system. In the first experiment combined effects of temperature (25-27°C, 20-22°C and 15-17°C) and anesthetics (2-phenoxyethanol at 200 mgL-1 for initial sedation and 80 mgL-1 for transport sedation) on oxygen consumption and survival ofjuvenile milkfish, Chanos chanos, were evaluated. Another experiment was conducted to optimize transport conditions at fish densities of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 gL-1 for 4, 8, 12,16 and 20 hour duration. The study showed no significant difference on oxygen consumption rates ofmilkfishjuveniles subjected to various water temperature range and anesthetic combinations. Temperature range of 20 to 22°C in combination with anaesthetic (2-phenoxyethanol) application was the best condition for long duration confinement of milkfish juvenile in closed plastic transport bags. The study established the optimum juvenile milkfish transport density and the effective transport duration. With anaesthetic application (2-phenoxyethanol), juvenile milkfish density of 600 gL-1 is effective for 20 hours oftransport duration, 800 gL-1 for 8 hours oftransport duration and 1000 gL-1 effective for 4 hours transport duration. These results provide a practical protocol for the transport of juvenile milkfish from the nursery culture area to the grow-out production area.