UPV Theses and Dissertations
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Item The health status of school-age children in Barangay Ingore, La Paz, Iloilo CityAmamanglon, Keanne Paula H.; Bragancia, Ira May Joy E.; Gulmatico, Gideon M.; Guzman, Virgi Chrisbelle A.; Mercado, Pauline Victoria M.; Orbase, Jannina Faye O.; Reyes, Mary Camille E.; Yap, Maria Lorna Christy C. March (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2011-03)The study is a cross sectional survey to assess the health status of school-age children in barangay Ingore, La Paz, Iloilo City. The health status of the children was evaluated using nutritional status assessment, child care practices of mothers/caretakers and past and present clinical history of disease, and respiratory function. Anthropometry and Clinical Signs were used to directly assess the nutritional status of the children. An Interview Schedule, with mothers/caretakers as respondents was used to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of the household to where the children belong and also to obtain information on their child health care practices. Respiratory or Lung Function was assessed using Lung Peak Flow and Chest Expansion. The results of Anthropometry using the parameters for Weight-for-Age (WFA), Weight-for-Height (WFH) and Height-for-Age (HFA) revealed that 16.3% of the school-aged children were underweight; 10.7% were thin or wasted; 24.4% were stunted, and 4.0% were overweight/obese. The most common clinical signs indicative of malnutrition were pale conjunctiva and the occurrence of dental carries. Most of the children have been breastfed and availed of complete immunization during their pre-school age period. Almost half of them experienced childhood diseases like upper respiratory tract infections (e.g. cough, common colds, asthma, etc.). Peak flow analysis showed that among male, school-age children the average peak flow was 210.6L/minute while among female it was 195.7 L/minute. The computed average peak flow was 203.2 L/minute. The average chest expansion of the subjects was 2.4 cm and the chest expansion of male and female school-age children was 2.4 centimetres. The results obtained in this study can be used as a baseline for future studies especially in the light of the recent operation of a coal-fired power plant which might affect the health status of vulnerable age groups like pre-school and school-age childrenItem Risk zone mapping of 2010 dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever cases in the Province of Iloilo based on land coverAndrada, Thresdale; Cañonero, Gertrude Mikee; España, Regine Marie; Puno, Abigail; Sarangaya, Dorothy Rose; Tan, Leonard; Tejada, Ma. Corazon (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2013-04)Dengue is considered as one of the most important vector-borne diseases in many tropical and subtropical countries. Iloilo Province had 8201 cases in 2010. Heterogeneity in the risk of disease transmission results from spatial heterogeneity in both land use and land cover. Thus, the present study was conducted to identify the risk zones of Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Province of Iloilo in 2010 based on land cover types by using GIS software. Results of the study show that all land covers in the 6th district pose moderately low risk on dengue incidence. In the case of the 1st district of Iloilo, on the other hand, water bodies have the highest probability of dengue incidence, while the rest of the districts (2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th). built-up areas have the highest probability of dengue incidence. The land cover type in Iloilo, therefore, with the highest risk for dengue incidence are built up areas due to its high population density, multitude of households and stagnant water areas.Item Removal of Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB)-forming organisms using ball clay: Factors and effects of clay additionRivera, Peter Paolo L. (Marine Science Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-05)Global concern for Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) has increased due to their frequency of occurrence and associated negative health and economic effects. Control measures for HABs/red tides have been developed to alleviate their effects in the marine and coastal environments. The use of clays and modified sands/sediments to remove/control HABs is one of the promising and attractive direct control options for areas with persistent HAB problems. However, factors such as pH and ionic strength and mechanisms and kinetics of algal removal through clay addition/spreading are not fully understood. This study examined the effect of different pH levels and varying ionic strength on the removal efficiency (RE) of ball clay on toxic dinoflagellates: Pyrodinium bahamense var. compression, Gymnodinium catenation, and Alexandrium tamarense complex. High REs by ball clay were observed on Pyrodinium and Gymnodinium. On the other hand, only minimal removal was observed with Alexandrium. This implies that ball clay has a varying affinity towards different HAB species. Removal was also found to be highly dependent on bloom stages and varies for a given target species. RE of ball clay for the three test organisms increases as the pH of the solution decreases (83.1% for Pyrodinium, 81.2% for Gymnodinium, 89.4% for Alexandrium at pH 6. Results from this study show that with increasing salinity and/or ionic strength, RE also increases (82.7% for Pyrodinium, 88% for Gymnodinium, and 79.5% for Alexandrium at ionic strength of 1.0). Results show that changing the pH and ionic strength influenced the zeta potential (electrokinetic potential) of both the toxic algal cells and ball clay, hence affecting algal flocculation and leading to the effective removal of the algal cells. Microalgal cells are negatively charged in growth media at pH values (7-9 for most algal species) typical for growth and the charges cause adjacent cells to repel each other and remain suspended in the medium. The negative charges apparently derived from the water and dissociation of functional groups on algal cell walls, and vary among different algal species. The changes in pH influence the degree of surface dissociation, thus affecting the cell surface charge. The zeta potential of ball clay as a function of varying ionic strength and salt concentrations showed that zeta potential decreases (more negative) with increasing ionic strength from 0 to 1 and/or salinity from 0 to 36 ppt (in contrast to algal cells). When the ionic strength of the solution is increased, the charge potential difference between clay particles and algal cells also increases, thereby increasing the affinity between the two particles. Cell death and lysis were evident within the suspended and settled clay matrix from direct microscopic observation. The cells appeared moribund, and stained cytoplasmic material could be seen leaking into the medium. Cell death may have been due to the direct physical contact between the cells and clay particles. Cell lysis occurred over a 1–2-hour period in single-species cultures of HAB organisms. Measurement of fluorescence properties through confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of microalgae has proven that a rapid and sensitive ecotoxicity method could be developed where the motility and viability of cells flocculated with clay could be examined. The substantial release of the nucleotides and intracellular materials from the algal cells indicates the expulsion of the thecal plates and cell membrane leading to the disintegration of the algal cells upon clay addition. Cellular damage was further confirmed by metabolic imaging through an esterase activity assay. Esterase activity in control and treated cells was studied by fluorescence imaging after staining with fluorescence diacetate (FDA), a technique to probe cell membrane integrity and cell viability. FDA-positive cells decreased through time until 24-hour upon exposure to ball clay. Future studies are needed to investigate the actual mechanism of how clay induces cell lysis or mortality. Cell mortality may be due to natural senescence or programmed cell death (PCD) under stress-promoting conditions and not related to any chemical or physical interaction between the clay and the algal cells. It is also interesting to look at the possible formation of ecdysal and temporary pellicle cysts upon clay treatment. The possible formation of temporary cysts by HAB cells may play a role in bloom regrowth. The encystment and excystment may enable HAB cells to escape entrapment, allowing a bloom to reform.Item Relationship between media exposure and attitude of Iloilo City Junior High School students towards indigenous peoplesAmon, Abigail; Garzon, Ma. Mercedes (Division of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2017-05)This research discusses the relationship between media exposure and the attitude of selected Iloilo City public junior high school students towards the indigenous peoples. Three hundred junior high school students from Bo. Obrero National High School, Iloilo City National High School, Mandurriao National High School, Ramon Avanceña National High School, and SPED - Integrated School for Exceptional Children served as respondents to a five-part questionnaire that included demographics, exposure to media and IPs, attitude, additional questions regarding the relationship between their media exposure and their attitude towards IPs, and the information they received and wished to receive from media. The researchers found that students were most exposed to online media and that they had low exposure to mediated content on indigenous peoples on all media platforms. It was concluded that respondents had an overall positive attitude towards indigenous peoples. Moreover, both the media industry and the educational system should be more responsible in supporting the IPs through wider media coverage and introduction to more media platforms.Item Willingness to pay for the barangay loudspeaker system as an early warning device among the residents of Sebaste, AntiqueAlonzo, Dumcel Kay J.; Bangero, Denevieve Y. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2017-06)The municipality of Sebaste in Antique Province is along the path of strong typhoons that can cause damage to lives and properties. The likely effects of these typhoons and other natural or man-made disasters can be mitigated by prompt information dissemination and early warning devices. Correct information and warnings that reach people at the right time can help them prepare for the impending disaster and avoid its likely effects. In Sebaste, there is no community-wide early warning system. This study focused on the value placed by the local residents of Sebaste, Antique for the establishment of an early warning device in the form of the Barangay Loud Speaker System (BLS) by estimating their willingness-to-pay (WTP) using Contingent Valuation Method. A total of 320 study participants representing their households, equally distributed in eight barangays of Sebaste, Antique were interviewed in January to March 2017 using a pilot-tested interview schedule. Seventy-five percent of the study participants were willing to pay for the BLS. The binary logit regression showed that bid price was the only factor that significantly (and negatively) affects WTP at 1% level of significance. The estimated monthly mean WTP with and without adjustment for the level of certainty were P68.00 and P60.75, respectively. The monthly Social WTP with and without adjustment for the level of certainty were Pl84,084.16 and Pl62,293.63, respectively. This study recommends that the local government of Sebaste should invest in the establishment of the BLS in each of 10 barangays of the municipality.Item Text and context of the songs of Gloc9 (2003-2012)Alorro, Mary Joanne F.; Sevillano, Kristine Charisse B. (Division of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2013-04)This descriptive study was conducted to ascertain the text and context of the songs of Gloc9 from 2003-2012. Forty (40) songs with societal issues were determined, classified to which presidential term (Arroyo's or Aquino's) they were released and analyzed if they reflect the real Philippine setting at the given period. The results showed that many of the songs of Gloc9 did not exactly reflect the real-life setting of Filipinos under the two presidential eras they belonged thus as a medium, the songs created a Constructed Mediated Reality. However, songs that mentioned issues such as poverty, unemployment, abuse of power and drug abuse were reflective of period they were written. Nevertheless, rap song is a good medium not only for entertainment but also for information. It is one of the most effective medium to bring awareness to the public by presenting relevant societal issues in a rap music format. To further improve this study, future researchers should do a triangulated research method.Item Antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of selected basidiomycetes from UPV, Miagao, Iloilo PhilippinesAmbubuyog, Marja Victoria U. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2013-03)The Basidiomycetes represent an enormous source for natural products with diverse chemical structures and wideranging antimicrobial activity. This study was done to investigate the antibacterial property of selected species of basidiomycetes aqueous and methanolic extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Specifically, it aimed to (1) determine the antibacterial activity of the aqueous extract of selected species of basidiomycetes in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on the zone of inhibition; (2) determine the antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract of selected species of basidiomycetes in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on the zone of inhibition; and (3) compare the aqueous and methanolic extracts of selected species of basidiomycetes in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on the zone of inhibition. A total number of ten species were collected namely Auricularia sp., Schizophyllum sp., Trametes pubescens, Trametes versicolor, Trametes elegans, Ganoderma sp.(l), Ganoderma sp.(2), Stereum sp. and two unknowns. Dried samples were crushed and extracted with water and methanol. Antibacterial activity was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The results showed a negative to weak inhibition against the test microorganisms which is inconsistent with the results of previous studies. It could possibly be attributed to the preparation of the samples and the fruiting body maturity that influenced the antibacterial potential of the samples. It appears that fruiting bodies used in the present study may not be reliable sources of bioactive compounds for antibacterial activity.Item Growth and nutritional content of red seaweed Gracilaria bailinae (Zhang et. al., 1995) grown under different fertilization schemeAlmojuela, Kristine Marie T. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2012-04)The accelerated development of fish aquaculture has caused many environmental problems. The most evident effects resulting from this activity is the increase in organic material, the reduction in dissolved oxygen and the excessive rise in inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorous and carbon dioxide. The integration of seaweeds to fed cultured species has long been recognized as promising approach to reduce the excess nutrients released by aquaculture activity. The nitrogen and phosphate uptake kinetics, growth and nutritional content of the seaweed Gracilaria bailinae were studied in a series of outdoor tanks, fertilized with commercial fertilizer (NH4CI, NaNO3, and Na2HPO4) and shrimp culture waste water. The nutritional content of G. bailinae before and after fertilization was also determined through proximate analysis. Results showed a significant removal of dissolved nutrients by G. bailinae, although definite uptake rate could not be determined since the data were erratic and Michaelis-Menten model could not be applied. Seaweeds fertilized with shrimp waste water showed best specific growth rate (1.37±0.2 % d-1) over other fertilization scheme. This suggests that shrimp pond effluents could promote good growth on G. bailinae. Local G. bailinae had high protein content per se (14%) but became more enhanced when fertilized with commercial or shrimp waste water (23-32%). In contrast, its carbohydrate content dropped when heavily fertilized from 39% to 19%.Item Species composition and distribution of mangrove soil fungi from Iloilo River, Iloilo City, PhilippinesAlmoros, Peter Paul C. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2018-06)Fungi are very diverse and ubiquitous microorganisms. Fungal diversity is an important aspect of the ecosystem that needs to be studied. There have been many studies regarding biodiversity of fungi in terrestrial, marine and riverine environments, but studies regarding fungi found in mangrove soil still needs to be done. This study focused on determining the species composition, distribution and ecology of mangrove soil fungi in the Iloilo River, Iloilo City. Soil fungi were sampled from three areas in the river representing the downstream, midstream and upstream areas. Fungal isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics- cultural and microscopic features. There were 10 identified fungal species -Aspergillus cf. flavus, Aspergillus cf. niger, Aspergillus cf. ustus, Aspergillus cf. versicolor, Aspergillus sp. (1), Aspergillus sp. (2) and Aspergillus sp. (3), Geotrichum cf. candidum, Penicillium cf. citrinum and Penicillium sp. (1), while there were 2 unidentified species. Three of these species were very frequent across the sites -Aspergillus cf. flavus, Geotrichum cf. candidum and Penicillium cf. citrinum.Item The nature of social support in an intergenerational Ilonggo family in a fishing communityAlonday, Cheska Arianne C.; Casuyon, Meika Ella G. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-06)Nuclear family has been the common type of family in the society in the past but as time passed by, different forms of family emerged as well as family structure and the dynamics of the family have been changing. This study focused on the nature of social support in an intergenerational Ilonggo family specifically in fishing community. It discussed the different types of support, such as financial, emotional, and instrumental, exchanged among the family members and illustrated each patterns of support through the use of sociometry for the analysis of data gathered. This study also aimed to know whether there is a connection between the degrees of interaction to the social support exchanged. An intergenerational family household was purposively selected in Miagao, Iloilo which served as a case study. Each family member was asked to evaluate other family members individually through questionnaires. The result showed that the norms and the gender roles play an important part in the exchange of social support of the Filipino family members including their role obligations as well as the degree of interaction do not dictate the support given and received by the family members.