UPV Theses and Dissertations
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Item Comparison of the length-weight relationship between starved and fed Scylla tranquebarica crabletsArroyo. Ritchel B. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2003-04)This study aimed to determine the length-weight as well as the width-weight relationships of the Scylla tranquebarica crablets when starved and fed during the intermolt and premolt stages. Molt stages were identified and then the crablets were subjected to feeding or starvation for 36 days. Regression analysis showed the length-weight relationship of the Scylla tranquebarica crablets, including carapace length, carapace width, and body weight when fed and starved. Regression lines for each category differed from one another. Results showed that the fed crablets in intermolt and premolt stages showed greater body weight gain per unit carapace length and carapace width. The intermolt fed gave the highest weight gain per unit length and unit width among the treatments. Equations for interconversions of length and weight and for length and width are reported for the premolt and intermolt stages when fed and starved.Item Fungal pathogen associated with Rhizophora stylosa: A comparative study between oiled and unoiled sites within Taklong Island National Marine Reserve (TINMAR), Nueva Valencia, GuimarasBalanga-an, Kristoffer (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2009-03)Mangroves, refer to an assemblage of trees and shrubs that inhabit the coastal intertidal zone in tropical and subtropical regions. They help in the soil formation, protection, and stabilization of our coastal environment as well as serve as shelter and breeding grounds for some of our marine organisms. A mangrove habitat represents the borderline between land and sea and is considered as one of the principal places where spilled oil and associated impacts converge. Oil spill threaten mangroves by predisposing the plants to fungal attacks thereby reducing their resistance to stress and diseases. Studies also show that certain fungi species are able to utilize oil in contaminated mangrove species. This study generally aims to compare the fungal population found on the diseased leaves of Rhizophora stylosa between oiled and unoiled sites in the Taklong Island National Marine Reserve (TINMAR). It also aims to isolate, characterize and identify fungi present in diseased leaves of Rhizophora stylosa using potato dextrose agar (PDA) culture media and determine their frequency of occurrence. Leaf samples were collected from two sites in TINMAR, one of which was contaminated by oil and the other one was not. Three trees were selected to represent each of the two sampling sites (oiled and unoiled), and to each of the selected trees, three diseased leaves were collected. The results of this study showed the dominance of some species of fungi namely, Aspergillus (40%), Penicillium (20%), Cladosporium (13.33%), Monilia (6.67%), Mycelia (6.67%), Humicola (6.67%), and Pestalotiopsis (6.67%). Five out of these seven genera were isolated from the unoiled site while six of these were isolated from the oiled site. Generally, the fungal population was observed to be greater in the oiled site than in the unoiled. This preliminary data indicate that R. stylosa might still be undergoing stress due to the remaining components of the spilled oil in the area. However, this can only be resolved by further monitoring.Item Treatment of Vibrio harveyi-infected Penaeus monodon using Alibutbut (Tabernaemontana pandacaqui Poir.) plant powderBacaling, Marivic T. (Division of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2005-04)The cytotoxicity test of crude methanolic leaf extract using Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay revealed that Alibutbut (Tabernaemontana pandacaqui Poir.) is safe to use in treating vibrio-infected penaeid shrimps. The effectiveness of the alibutbut powder against vibriosis was examined through the determination of the post-larvae 20 (PL 20) penaeid shrimp mortality and the water microbial assay after 48 hours. Percent penaied shrimp mortality (0-6.67%) and microbial count (2.91 x 10^4- 3.26 x 104 cfu/mL) of the plant treatments were significantly lower compared to the negative control (no treatment) that exhibited 50% penaeid shrimp mortality and a microbial count greater than 6.00 x 10^4 cfu/mL. The results of the experiment showed that Alibutbut plant powder is indeed effective in controlling Vibrio harveyi bacteria.Item Effects of high and low protein diets on the gut evacuation rate of Tilapia niloticaAndrada, Bryan Andrew S. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1999-03)Gut evacuation rate of young Nile tilapia, Tilapia nilotica fed commercial pelleted diets containing high or low protein diet were determined in the laboratory. The decline in gut fullness of the fish with time was examined at low and high protein diets. Two mathematical models were used to express the decline in gut fullness of the fish with time. Fish fed the low protein diet followed more closely the linear model while those fed the high protein diet followed the logarithmic model. The level of protein resulted in different gut evacuation rates (GER), expressed as coefficients b of the gut fullnesstime curve. GER values were higher in either linear or logarithmic models for fish fed low protein diet than for those fed high protein diet.Item Diel feeding patterns of angelwing clam Pholas (Monothyra) orientales (Gmelin, 1970)Alojepan, Marbe Joy L. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1999-04)Filtration rate of Pholas orientalis measured using the indirect suspension deletion method and monitored by direct algal cell counts. Phytoplankton Isochrysis galbana was used as food at an algal cell concentration of 2.5 x 103 cells ml ”'. Biological rhythms have been demonstrated in all animals and plants except bacteria. They control rhythmic patterns in behavior and physiology of a living organism. Biological rhythms, or oscillations, have a “period” that is measured from one arbitrary point or phase of the rhythm to the next occurrence of that phase. They are best demonstrated in a 24 h cycle or circadian cycle. There is a widely varying feeding activity in the 24h cycle of P. orientalis observed at a constant temperature of 27$C and hydrogen ion concentration of 35%o Like any other bivalves, P. orientalis has defined feeding periods equivalent to food uptake at 2400h-0300h. Such observation could be supported by a previous study by Corda stating that optimal feeding was obtained at total darkness. Periods of digestion occur shortly after the periods of feeding. P. orientalis when actively feeding were observed to have extended siphons, larger valve openings, and an inclination of 45. One primary external stimulus that affected filtration rate was the amount of light present. Biorhythms provide temporal information, such as the time of day or season of the year, which facilitates adaptation of the organism to internal or external environments.Item An assessment of the fishery ordinances of the different coastal municipalities in the Province of Iloilo, 1992-1998Almero, Flora B.; Gerona, Ma. Leda G. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1999-12)This research project is an assessment of the fishery ordinances of the different coastal municipalities in the Province of Iloilo. The study covers the fourteen (14) coastal municipalities of the Province namely; the Municipality of Anilao, Banate, Barotac Nuevo, Barotac Viejo, Batad, Carles, Concepcion, Dumangas, Estancia, Miag- ao, Oton, San Dionisio, San Joaquin and Tigbauan. The primary data were taken from the various municipal fishery ordinances of the different coastal municipalities under study, and the national fishery policies (RA 7160, PD 704, RA 8550). The researchers also employed field interviews with selected fisherfolk leaders as a source of first hand information concerning the recent situation of the fishery industry in their respective municipalities. It was found that: (1) the fishery industry in the Province of Iloilo is facing problems on overexploitation, overfishing, pollution, and habitat destruction; (2) the primary concern of the over-all policy mosaic for the fishery industry is the rehabilitation and protection of the coastal environment, the limitation of access to fishery resources comes as the secondary concern, while the protection of the rights of municipal fisherfolk appears in a very limited number of promulgations only; (3) generally the provisions in the over-all policy mosaic is consistent and complimentary, both vis-a-vis the national fishery policies and within their respective municipal fishery ordinances where the provisions belongs. Assessing the municipal fishery ordinances of the different coastal municipalities in the Province of Iloilo, it was found that the goal of the over-all policy mosaic is the promotion of sustainable development for the fishery industry so as to achieve food security in terms of fish.Item Effects of tagging on Bohadschia marmorata marmorata in cagesAlvañez, Arthur A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1989-10)A three month study was conducted on the sea cucumber Bohadschia marmorata marmorata confined in (1.33 m x 1.33 m x 0.33 m) cages modified after radian’s (1987, Unpubl.) experiment using (1 m x 1 m x 1 m) cages One hundred percent tag loss and 83.53% survival rate was observed on the tagged individuals. One hundred percent survival rate attained in the control cages showed that reduced density of one individual per 0.295m2 area of caged substratum is more favorable compared to Padlan's (1987, Unpubl.) one individual per 0.06 m2 area of caged substratum. This study was conducted at Sirban Iki point, Taklong Island, Guimaras, Sub-province of Iloilo from December 1988 to January 1989.Item Effect of Physico-chemical parameters of rearing waters on survival rates of larvae and post larvae of Penaeus monodon in two hatchery systemsAlindong, Ray Lauron (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1995-03)Physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, salinity, and D.O. of the small-scale and large-scale hatchery system were monitored daily for a duration of two months. The relationship between the physico-chemical parameters and the survival of the different larval and post-larval stages between the two hatchery systems was then determined. Results showed that the physico-chemical parameters obtained from the small-scale hatchery system were favorable to the survival of the larval stages of the prawn. However, the physico—chemical parameters obtained from the large-scale hatchery system were more suitable for the growth of the post-larval stages.Item Fungal pathogens associated with Sonneratia alba: A comparative study between oiled and unoiled sites within Taklong Island National Marine Reserve (TINMAR), Nueva Valencia, GuimarasAlbacete, May Therese F. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2009-03)Majority of researches on impacts of oil spills on mangroves focused on the immediate post-spill acute effects. However, the persistence of oil in sediments at oil spill sites has been reported in a number of published works. As such, this remaining oil could serve as source of stress to mangroves resulting into the expression of sub-lethal effects such as changes in foliage and canopy, abnormalities in reproductive structures among others. Furthermore, oil in mangroves also has the potential of increasing fungal attacks due to their impairment of natural defense mechanisms such as salt removal from leaves and trunks. Thus, this study was conducted to determine if there was a difference in fungal species composition and frequency of occurrence of fungal population of mangrove leaves collected in oiled and unoiled areas within Taklong Island National Marine Reserve, Nueva Valencia, Guimaras following the spill that occurred in August I1,2006. Fungi from diseased leaves of Sonneratia alba were isolated and characterized using Acidified Potato Dextrose Agar (APDA) for samples collected in January 2009 only. A total of 7 and 6 species were identified from among the isolates in oiled and unoiled sites. Although there is a little difference in species composition, almost all the isolated species was frequently occurring in both oiled and uncoiled sites. Gliomastix morurom (5.8%) in the unoiled site was only frequently occurring. The results may imply that difference in frequency of occurrence of certain species might be an indicator for sub-lethal effects of oil but needs further investigations to consider environmental factors among other factors.Item Effect of salinity on the embryonic development of Portunus pelagicus and Charybdis feriatus eggsAlba, Kristine Margaret A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2003-03)The effect of salinity on the embryonic development of Portunus pelagicus and Charybdis feriatus was studied. The five different salinity levels used were 15 ppt, 25 ppt, 35 ppt, 45 ppt, and control (33-35 ppt) to compare their effect on the embryonic development of both species. One thousand newly spawned crab eggs were incubated in vitro in 4-L Nalgene fiberglass containers with 3-L of water at different salinity levels. Mild aeration that allows movement of eggs within the water column was provided. There were three replicates per treatment. Embryonic development of eggs (30 eggs were taken in every salinity level) was monitored daily up to hatching. The newly hatched larvae were then collected and counted. Results showed that during the incubation period, the most advanced stage of embryonic development for Portunus pelagicus was at 33-35 ppt and for Charybdis feriatus was at 35 ppt. There was normal embryonic development and hatching at 35 ppt, 45 ppt, and control (33-35 ppt) for Portunus pelagicus and at 15 ppt, 25 ppt, 35 ppt, 45 ppt, and control (33-35 ppt) for Charybdis feriatus. Eggs that were incubated at 15 ppt and 25 ppt for Portunus pelagicus died. There was normal embryonic development in both species when incubated at 45 ppt. Hatching rate for Portunus pelagicus at control (33-35 ppt) was 34.1 %, at 35 ppt was 16.1 %, and at 45 ppt was 5.8 %. Hatching rate for Charybdis feriatus at 35 ppt was 52.5 %, at control (33-35 ppt) was 21.2 %, at 45 ppt was 12.8 %, at 25 ppt was 6.7 %, and at 15 ppt was 0.3 %. To summarize, embryo of Charybdis feriatus eggs can withstand a wider range of salinity: from a low salinity of 15 ppt to a high salinity of 45 ppt, that makes them a euryhaline species. On the other hand, Portunus pelagicus cannot support embryonic development at lower salinities of 15 and 25 ppt that makes them a stenohaline species.