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UPV Theses and Dissertations

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1984 - 198921990 - 199927

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End date: 1999SDG: search.filters.sdg.SDG 15 - Life on land

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    The pharmacological screening of Moringa oleifera Lam.
    Burgos, Karen J. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1998-07)
    Moringa oleifera, Lam, or malunggay, belongs to Family Moringaceae. The medicinal value of this plant has long been recognized in folk medicine. Not all the claims, however, are proven scientifically. This study aimed to (1) test the crude extracts from the seeds and leaves of M. oleifera for pharmacological properties and (2) to compare its efficacy with the drugs commonly used to alleviate particular ailment. Phytochemical assay for alkaloid using Culvenor-Fitzgerald method was done to test the presence of alkaloids. The dried seeds and young leaves were extracted with methanol and concentrated under reduced pressure at 45°C. The resulting extracts were partitioned and used for the different assays: Brine shrimp assay for cytotoxicity, Acetic acid-induced writhing assay for analgesic activity, Charcoal tracing assay for antispasmodic activity and paper disc diffusion method for antimicrobial activity. Result showed that only the seeds have alkaloids. Toxicity test revealed that the seeds are practically non-toxic but the leaves were toxic with an LC50 of 550 μg/mL after 24 hours of exposure. Of the two extracts, only the leaves exhibited analgesic activity although not as effective as Mefenamic Acid in reducing pain. The leaf extract, was also found active against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The seed extract was active only against B. subtilis. Both extracts, however, are not as effective as the antibiotic drug, Amoxicillin. Results also showed that both extracts do not have antispasmodic activity. The study confirmed the antimicrobial and analgesic activities for the use of the leaves of this plant in folk medicine.
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    Meiofaunal assemblages in the mangrove habitat in Taklong Island, Nueva Valencia, Guimaras
    Bocoran, Mary Grace G. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1999-03)
    Meiofauna are metazoans that can pass through a sieve with a mesh of 0.5mm but retained in a mesh of 0.063mm sieve. These organism are interesting to benthic scientist due to its capacity to determine the extent of pollution in the area and its role in the food web of an ecosystem. This study aims (1) to come up with a list of meiofaunal species present in the mangrove substratum, (2) to determine its density and abundance, and (3) to describe the meiofaunal environment in terms of temperature, salinity , pH, and oxygen content. The study was conducted in the mangrove habitat in Taklong Island Guimaras in February 1997. Thirty core samples were collected with a modified PVC core ( diameter=2.0 cm, length=15cm) from 3 areas: seaward, middle, and landward portions of the mangrove. There were eight broad groupings of meiofauna considered: nematodes, copepods, malacostracans, polychaetes, gastrotrichs, kinorhynchs, sipunculids, and others (including forams). The nematodes, of which there were 2 species observed, were the most abundant and comprised 42.14%. The copepods had 3 species observed and comprised 31.05%, 2 species of polychaetes comprised 5.04%,2species of gastrotrychs comprised 3.86% and malacostracans were 6.66%, kinorhynchs were 3.26%, and sipunculids were 0.89%. Unidentified organism which included foraminiferans, were 8.01 %. Range of meiofaunal density (number of individuals per cm'3 ) in three transects were 0.0042-0.1549 in the seaward area,0.0085-0.0785 in the middle area and 0.0021-0.0679 in the landward area. The nematodes had the highest density, and the sipunculids had the lowest density from the seaward to the landward area.
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    Karyotype analysis of Kutsay Allium odoratum L. (Alliales: Alliaceae)
    Bermejo, Jo-am Asis (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1995-05)
    The C-metaphase count of Allium odoratum revealed that the chromosome number was 2n=32, consisting of the following centromeric groups based on Levan's method of chromosome classification: Group I chromosomes with subterminal centromeres (1 pair); Group II with submedian centromeres (2 pairs), and Group III with median centromeres (13 pairs). The mean total lengths of chromosome ranged from 8.534±0.504-16.624±0.600 μ. Mitotic index for the species was found to be 10.87%.
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    Agrarian reform implementation in Barangay Indag-an, Miag-ao, Iloilo
    Beñosa, Zoraida P. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1996-03)
    Agrarian Reform is a program set by the government to correct socio-economic imbalances by distributing lands to the farmers who are landless It is a means of uplifting the farmers from social inequalities and the bondage of poverty. Given the nature of the program, it is therefore important to assess the effectiveness of Agrarian Reform Implementation in the community level. Specifically, this is a study of Agrarian Reform Implementation in barangay Indag-an, Miag-ao, Iloilo. The objectives of the study are to describe the processes involved in the implementation of Agrarian Reform in Indag-an, to identify the benefits and support services extended by the program to its beneficiaries, to assess the effectiveness particularly the strengths and weaknesses of the program as perceived by its beneficiaries, to describe the relative effects on male and female household members and lastly, to draw implications on how to improve the Agrarian Reform implementation in the community level. Given these objectives, data were gathered from 35 respondents through a focus group discussion method. Personal interview and a case study were also done to assess the effectiveness of the program. The findings revealed that some beneficiaries believed that they benefitted from the program. Others, however, were a bit cynical towards its implementation. They claimed that the program was biased in Its implementation wherein it caters to the demands of the landlords disregarding the needs and problems of the farmers concerning the distribution of lands. The study further revealed that the support services extended by the program to farmer-beneficiaries centered mainly on agricultural extension, agricultural credit, education and trainings, cooperatives and legal services. Other support services such as infrastructures, health assistance, potable water supply and irrigation system were not provided by the program. As to the strengths and weaknesses of the program, it has been found out that the farmers repressed an ambivalent view about its implementation. They perceived the program as both having strengths and weaknesses wherein the former focused mainly on the processes involved in the distribution of lands while the latter focused more on the insufficient support services provided by the program. Finally, the study revealed that majority of the beneficiaries was male and women beneficiaries comprise only a small number. The male beneficiaries dominated the farm works, relegating women to household chores and aspects of farm work such as planting, weeding, preparing and bringing the food to the fields. However, women were given the opportunity as men in giving opinions, airing their views in the organization. Generally, both had gained from the program, where each has his/her role in farm production, even though the extent of their benefits varies
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    The effect of seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) as a partial substitute for commercial feed on the growth of chicken
    Bedia, Alma Mae S. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-08)
    The study determined whether the use of seaweed (Kappaphycus aIvarezii) in different amounts as a partial substitute to commercial feeds would enhance the growth of chickens, reduce feed consumption, increase feed efficiency, and increase profit. The chickens were first fed with commercial broiler starter mash feeds for 15 days. Then, on the 16th day to the 35th day, the chickens were fed with different combinations in 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 ratios of commercial broiler finisher feeds to K. alvarezii. Chickens fed with purely commercial broiler finisher feeds served as the control. Feed consumption, liveweight gain, and feed efficiency were computed every three days, while Profitability was determined at the end of the experimental period. Results showed that the use of K. alvarezii as a partial substitute to commercial broiler finisher feeds in a 1: 1 ratio increased the profit as well as the growth of the chickens, and it is comparable to that in the control (fed with purely commercial broiler finisher feeds). When the amount of K. alvarezii in the feed ration is more than 50% (1:1 ratio), it was observed that it would hamper the growth of the broilers.
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    The agricultural education outreach project in Aklan: Barangay Sibalew, Banga
    Bautista, Reynold R. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1992-07)
    This study uses the concept of agricultural extension as a catalyst of change for rural development. Suffice it to say, the objective of agricultural extension is to provide the rural people the appropriate information, technology and values to make them self-reliant in the context of their own environment. However, the realisation of this goal is dependent on the extent of acceptance and participation of the rural people themselves. In this study, the Aklan Agricultural College-Agricultural Education Outreach Project in Aklan is supposed to bring self- reliance among the farmers of barangay Sibalew, Bangs by effective transfer of appropriate technology. Based on the principles of extension service, it has been determined that the A.E.0.p project in Sibalew, particularly its economic and social services, has been instrumental in improving the productivity and income and broadly, the social and economic aspects or the farmers life. Needless to say, the A.E.0.P-introduced technologies have been embraced by the majority of farmers in the barangay--which exemplifies the effectiveness of the A.E.O.P project.
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    Economic analysis of rice farming under differential tenurial arrangements in Sibalom, Antique
    Basañes, Lorvi Ann A.; Rondrique, Clyde G. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1997-03)
    This study was undertaken in order to acquire informations about the effects of tenurial arrangments on the productivity and profitability of rice farms in Sibalom, Antique, from the operators view point. The study found out that the practices of rice farms did not essentially vary among farms of different tenure arrangements, though some slight differences had been discovered. Furthermore, it was also discovered that tenurial arrangement greatly affected the distribution of gains from farming. Though share-tenanted farms proved to be the most profitable from the operators point of view, the conpensation that the operators received were quite inadequate to compensate the cost in using owned inputs. Moreover, other tenurial arrangements, leasehold and owner-operated, revealed to be less profitable than the one mentioned earlier. In terms of its effect on productivity, tenurial arrangements were found to explain an insignificant variation in the farms output. The study concluded that tenurial arrangements did really have a significant effect on productivity and the production practices of rice farmers, though in the profitability side, it proved to be otherwise. Of the problems presented, the emergence of rats and the golden kuhol pestilence in the rice fields were pointed out as the primary reasons for the decline in the productivity of rice farms in Sibalom, Antique. Aside from the propagation of government support programs and the transformation and empowerment of rice farmer cooperatives, the study also recommended that a closer look on share-tenancy must be done by the goverment so as to eliminate its equity undesirability, instead of outlawing the said tenurial arrangement which proved, in this study, to be the most efficient tenurial arrangement in rice farming.
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    Batog kag Aya-ay: The politics of ecological consciousness of the presidents of Barangay Pantalan President Roxas, Capiz
    Bañez, Ma. Arve (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1992-03-01)
    This study examines the folk consciousness on the environment of the residents of Barangay Pantalan, President Roxas, Capiz. A combination of the etic and emic approaches in social sciences was used to make sense out of the informations gathered from the field. This study also identifies Man as Master of Nature, Man and Nature in Antagonism, Man in Harmony with Nature, and Nature as Sacred as the different relationships between human being and Nature. These different relationships between human being and Nature are contained- in the two broad opposing rationalities, namely, Speciesism and Environmentalism. An ethnocartography of Barangay Pantalan is constituted in this study using the folk sense of direction and orientation. In addition, the study examines the folk beliefs and practices built around man-made structure, sea, and the flora and the fauna. This study concludes with a discussion of the politics of environmentalism. Human being does not dominate Nature nor Nature dominates human being in this politics of environmentalism. The same politics embodies ethical dimensions which check the drift toward the destruction of the environment.
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    Group study vs. individual study: A comparison of effective study technique
    Bang-as, Erlie P.; Toles, Elohai N. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1998-03-31)
    This study was an attempt to find out which of the two study techniques is effective: group study or individual study. It also sought to know which of the two academic groups performed better in a group study or in an individual study. The respondents were 60 students from the Biological and Social Sciences Divisions. Subjects were selected using the simple random sampling. The design was a 2 (Group study and Individual study) x 2 (Biological Sciences and Social Sciences) factorial design and this tested three hypotheses; (1) To find out if students perform better when they study in groups than when they study alone; (2) To find out if Biology students perform better than Social Science students; (3) To know if Biology students perform better than Social Science students when they study in groups than when they study alone The researchers used the 2x2 Analysis of Variance in the analysis of the data. The results were obtained by using the ANOVA and F test was used to test the hypotheses. The results revealed that (1) students who studied in groups performed better than those who studied individually, (2) Biology students performed better than Social Science students and (3) there was an interaction between study techniques and the academic groups.
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    Decomposition of sugarcane bagasse by Trichoderma
    Bangilan, Ma. Irish P. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-04)
    Sugarcane bagasse, an end-product after extraction of the juice of the sugarcane, was composted with the aid of Trichoderma, a compost fungus activator which shortens the decomposition process of farm wastes. Decomposition process was observed through the changes in temperature and substrate consistency. An average of 94 days was noted for a complete decomposition of 900 kg bagasse. Analysis of bagasse compost gave 0.78% nitrogen, 4.94% phosphorus, in the form of P2O5 and 1.55% potassium, in the form of K 2O. It showed that composted bagasse is a good source of phosporus but poor in nitrogen and potassium. The compost, nevertheless, can also be a good soil conditioner.