UPV Theses and Dissertations
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Item A novel water-in-oil-in-water emulsion to encapsulate antibacterial agentsBalcarcel, Angelica V. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2018-06)Encapsulating bioactive compounds can protect them from adverse conditions. This study aimed to encapsulate bioactive agents in a stable multiple emulsion system using a material that can be recovered easily from a product abundant here in the country. Results of the study revealed that the method of encapsulation used is effective in encapsulating and releasing the bioactive compound encapsulated. The antibacterial activity determination showed that encapsulated chlorhexidine is effective against both S. aureus and E. coli bacteria. Further investigation was made by encapsulating aqueous guava (Psidium guajava) extract in the same emulsion system (water-in-oil- in-water) using recovered coconut milk protein (CMP) as a gelling agent. The evaluation of the stability of the emulsions revealed that the treatment with 40% guava extract in the aqueous phase of its primary emulsion (Emulsion 3) is the most stable among the other treatments. This treatment showed the smallest droplet size range and most uniformed droplet sizes. The creaming index of this treatment also showed the lowest values after three (3) weeks of storage. On the other hand, the treatment with 60% guava extract in the aqueous phase of its primary emulsion (Emulsion 4) appeared to be the most stable against heating. However, no antibacterial activity was observed for any of the emulsion systems both S. aureus and E. coli bacteria. Additional test revealed that the bioactive compound present in the plant extract was disrupted by the sonication processItem Project NINK: Ngiping Inaalagaan para sa Nakangiting KinabukasanAraneta, Francine Nicole M.; Bebita, Valerie Anne N.; Endoma, Vivienne F.; Estanda, Marvyn Kerziel A.; Gupeteo, Mary Pauline Kriszl E.; Lebosada, Billy John F.; Magsipoc, Karla Mae B.; Pabello, Kimberly T.; Samoro, Karmela Marie G.; Villaruel, Rigel Kent Q. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-05)Dental caries, also known as cavities or tooth decay, is one of the most prevalent diseases of people worldwide which can start as early as during childhood affecting the primary teeth of children. It is mostly caused by lifestyle-related factors such as poor oral hygiene, lack of dental services, poor habit in brushing teeth and poverty (Ismail et. al. 2007). Iloilo has a high number of dental problems that affect school-aged children. Toothache from dental caries is one of the major causes of absenteeism in elementary schools (Araojo, 2003). The Project Nink aimed to reduce the incidence of dental caries by 80% among school-aged children of Barangay Buenavista Elementary School, Tubungan, Iloilo. A pre-dental check-up, conducted before project implementation found that out of 134 students examined, 125 had dental caries, translating to 9 out of 10 students. For the team to address the existing neglected problem, objectives were set to aid in the project implementation. A reliable and self-sustaining core group was formed for the maintenance and sustainability of the project. To address the insufficient knowledge of the children and community members regarding oral health, a series of health lectures were conducted. Topics for the lectures included basics of the teeth, how cavities form, other diseases that may arise from dental caries, and the like. Training courses for the teachers, health workers and midwife were also conducted by the researchers. Incentives were given out during the lectures and proper educational materials were provided as well. A tooth-brushing sink was constructed together with the teachers, parents, community members and the children, to aid in changing the tooth brushing habits of the children. Dental kits were distributed per child and also for families to aid the child in practicing proper oral hygiene. The children’s post-test results showed that the knowledge regarding oral health increased by 27.54% from their pre-test which was a statistical significant difference. A statistical significant difference (t(41)= - 8.882, p < 0.0005) was also shown in the post-test and pre-test results of the community members which had an increase of 29%. A post dental check-up was conducted to assess the effect of the project, and it was found that the mean prevalence rate of dental carries in the temporary teeth ot student respondents was successfully decreased by 18.4% from 22.73% to 18.55% (dmf index) since pre-project, and therefore, effectively reduced the incidence rate by 100% with 0 new cases. For the permanent teeth (DMF index), there was a 19.75% decrease in prevalence rate and a 100% reduction in the incidence rate with no new cases identified.Item Assessment of the performance of school-based multi-purpose teen centers in the first district of Iloilo ProvinceAlba, Nina Charlyn B.; Anasario, Jc Belle T.; Bautista, Seth Exequiel E.; Caliso, Femmy Rose E.; Catalan, Gabrielle A.; Espanol, Yzabel H.; Gonzaga, Royce Clea Maristel A.; Ilogon, Kent Paolo A.; Leoncio, Mabelle K.; Toledo, Mike T.; Vicencio, Geeza Gem S. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2017-06)Teenage pregnancy, HIV and AIDS, and mental health problems are increasingly alarming among adolescents in the Philippines. Thus, Adolescent Heath Development Programs (AHDP) were initiated in the country along with this is the institution of teen centers for the personality enrichment and skills improvement among teens focused chiefly on sexuality and health. Aside from the criterion used for the MODEL ILOILO TEENiran by the Iloilo PPO, no other guidelines exist to evaluate a teen center in the Philippines. This study aimed to evaluate the functionality of the teen centers present in the first district of Iloilo. A descriptive study design was used with study locales at schools within the first district wherein the teen centers are located and is within the inclusion criteria. Evaluation was done by the researchers’ using pre-tested evaluation tool and through a survey given to randomly selected teens. Frequency and proportion, Principal Component Analysis, and Hierarchical Clustering Methods were used for statistical analysis. The Teen Centers had an overall rating of above average with a mean score of 4.10±0.31. Tills also reflects that the four different components of the teen centers are also above average. Three clusters based from the views of the respondents were identified namely Enthusiastic consisting of 50.5% of the respondents, Gregarious having 31.9% and Apathetic comprising 17.5% of the teens surveyed. From the respondents, 60.5% were satisfied while 39.5% were not satisfied. As a conclusion, the teen centers have been effective in implementing its goals and objectives based on the evaluation of the researchers’ and feedbacks of the teen clients. Despite these outstanding results, it is still recommended that the teen centers further improve their overall performance to fully reach the goals of a teen center and to give the teens the utmost experience and learnings of the programs.Item Analysis and assessment of the performance of the Municipal Leadership and Governance Program (MLGP) partner municipalities in improving health outcomesAraneta, Francine Nicole M.; Bebita, Valerie Anne N.; Endoma, Vivienne F.; Estanda, Marvyn Kerziel A.; Gupeteo, Mary Pauline Kriszl E.; Lebosada , Billy John F.; Magsipoc, Karla Mae B.; Pabello, Kimberly T.; Samoro, Karmela Marie G.; Villaruel, Rigel Kent Q. (2016-05)The Zuellig Family Foundation through the Municipal Leadership and Governance Program (MLGP) aims to bridge the gap between the Filipinos and the promise of universal health care through the local health managers. They developed a local health scheme with focus on the World Health Organization’s six building blocks of health system so the country can achieve the Millennium Development Goals on health by 2015. However, there are still no available methods that can measure the success of health programs such as the MLGP. In order to address this issue, the researchers proposed to quantify and assess the health outcomes and the municipality performance. Heath outcomes are represented using secondary data provided by the MLGP municipalities on the performance indicators for MDGs for health. Municipality performance is quantified using a scoring system developed by the researchers based on the performance indicators assigned by the ZFF for each WHO building-block and significant improvement in municipality performance was found. The health data was analyzed by comparing the medians of yearly data using non- parametric/distribution-free sign tests. Among the health indicators with complete data for all 28 municipalities, significant difference in health outcomes was found in the data proportions of ratio of facility-based deliveries (FBD), ratio of births attended by births attended by skilled personnel (SBA), contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR), and proportion of fully immunized children (FIC). Maternal and infant mortality ratio, under-five mortality rates and malnutrition rate did not show any significant difference within the two-year intervention time span. Ratio of facility-based deliveries and ratio of births attended by skilled personnel showed significant positive correlations with health financing, health service delivery, and total performance indicators. There is also a significant positive correlation between CPR and leadership and governance, health financing, health human resource, access to medicine and technology, health service delivery and total performance indicators. However, it is interesting to note that the data on fully immunized children showed significant but negative correlations with leadership and governance performance indicators.Item The step up project: Strengthening teens through empowering programs against unintended pregnancyAlba, Nina Charlyn B.; Anasario, Jc Belle T.; Bautista, Seth Exequiel E.; Caliso, Femmy Rose E.; Catalan, Gabrielle A.; Espanol, Yzabel H.; Gonzaga, Royce Clea Maristel A.; Ilogon, Kent Paolo A.; Leoncio, Mabelle K.; Toledo, Mike T.; Vicencio, Geeza Gem S. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2017-06)Iloilo province is known to have high cases of teenage pregnancy in the Philippines, with the Municipality of Anilao topping since 2013. The STEP UP Project aims to lower the incidence of teenage pregnancy in Barangay Cag-an, Anilao, Iloilo through a positive developmental approach. It consists of a three-step intervention satisfying four component objectives during the six-week community immersion. Objective one is to organize a core group in both municipal and barangay level for the sustainability of the project which included the Local Government Unit of Anilao, barangay officials, and the teens and parents from the barangay. Objective two is to create a venue where teens can comfortably share their problems and sexuality wherein 13 teen facilitators were trained to aid in various activities planned for the project. Objective three is to increase knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) on teenage pregnancy, adolescent health, and gender issues by 75% and with this, a pretest and posttest was administered to teens and parents to evaluate KAP. This resulted to a 6.97% (15.57-16.76) and 7.96% (17.51-18.91) increase in mean scores of teens and parents, respectively. The mean scores of both teens and parents were found to be statistically different at α 0.05 using paired T-test. Objective four is to help teens build confidence, improve their self-esteem, and persuade them to plan out for the future. Thus, a sports clinic was hosted and Buwas Damlag Fair was organized where different government agencies were invited to inspire the teens to pursue careers in the future. Overall, the project was a success since there is an increase of attendance by the parents and teens on activities and lectures, increase of mean scores in the pretest and posttest, and the objectives set were achieved. Implementation of this project to other barangays in Anilao is highly recommended.Item Antibacterial agent-loaded water-in-oil-water (W/O/W) emulsionAguilar, Ma. Arianne Lou C. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2018-06)In this study, a water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion incorporated with an antibacterial agent using polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR), whey protein isolate (WPI) and lecithin as emulsifying agents under ultrasonication was prepared. Micrographs of the emulsions formed showed small droplet sizes with an average range of 0.07 — 8.7 μm which indicates that the emulsification process was effective. However, the emulsion was only stable for 7 days. Natural and synthetic antibacterial agents were then loaded into the W/O/W emulsion. A solution of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) was chosen as the synthetic antibacterial agent to be loaded into the W/O/W emulsion because of its established stability and antibacterial efficacy against Gram—positive and Gram—negative bacteria. On the other hand, Psidium guajava (guava) was chosen as the natural antibacterial agent to be loaded because of its abundance and folkloric use to treat wounds. The CHG—loaded emulsion showed a mean zone of inhibition equal to 11.3 ± 2.1 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 12.0 ±1.0 mm against Escherichia coli. The Psidium guajava (guava) — loaded emulsion on the other hand showed no inhibitory activity which suggests that the bioactive component of the guava may have been destroyed during sonication process. The results of this study showed that a synthetic antibacterial agent loaded - W/O/W emulsion was more effective than the natural antibacterial agent loaded — W/O/W emulsion.Item Project bakunanays: Bakuna ng kabataan ugaliin nang anak ay 'di sakitinAcebuque, Jason Clement S.; Cuachon, Anna Nicole O.; Deala, Cari Laurence L.; Esmenos, Arian Claudine F.; Galupo, Bealou Patrishe D.; Jubelag, Carmelli S.; Legayada, Precious Jemimah D.; Namuag, Maulene Mae J.; Palmon, Gladys A.; Salvador, June Luis C.; Sampani, Gian Justin P.; Tolentino, Jimel V. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2017-06)Based on the 2016 accomplishment report of the Iloilo Provincial Health Office (PHO) for School-Based Immunization (SBI), the municipality of Pavia performed 50.9% and 84.4% for Measles-Rubella (MR) and Tetanus-diphtheria (Td), respectively. After reviewing the health record of the Municipal Health Office of Pavia, it was found that Ungka II Elementary School had the least compliance. This project aimed to reduce the high refusal rate in MR and Td vaccines from 32.0% to 0- 10.0% among children in the barangay by the end of the field practice. To attain the goal of the project, the following strategic components were implemented: formation of a core group called ImmuniTeam, age-appropriate health education through Wastong BakUNAWA sessions, and promotive and up-to-date immunization campaigns. In addition, a mobile ImmuniStation was constructed and ImmuniStar charts were utilized during the BAKULILITS sessions with the children. The results of the pre-test showed that the mean percentage scores of the children before the intervention was 65% and after the intervention, post-test scores significantly increased to 82% mean score of the children (p value<0.05; 95% confidence level). The knowledge component of the pre-test and post-test for the parents or guardians resulted in a statistically significant 20% increase, resulting to 84% average mean score from the 64% prior to intervention (p value<0.05; 95% confidence level). The attitudes of the respondents registered a 6% increase, which is not statistically significant, resulting to a change in the mean percentage score from 70% to 76% (p value>0.05; 95% confidence level). The practices of the parents also showed a relative improvement from the pre-test results. Lastly, there was 100% compliance for the upcoming SBI at the end of the project implementation, as indicated in their consent forms. The team, therefore, effectively reduced the refusal rate for both MR and Td vaccines from 32% to 0%.