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UPV Theses and Dissertations

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Committee Member: search.filters.committeemember.Firmo, Lucifino V.SDG: search.filters.sdg.SDG 3 - Good health and well-being

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    Project NABITASAN: Naaayong Alaga Bigay ni Ina Tungo sa Akma at SApat na Nutrisyon
    Boncavil, David Allan V.; Chan, Tsarina M.; Erum, Lesley Anne L.; Galas, Caryl E.; Hernandez, Yryka E.; Juele, Sheila Mae A.; Magalonga, April Raye F.; Ogena, Vanessa C. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-05)
    Malnutrition is a multifactorial problem continuously plaguing communities around the world. Child malnutrition accounts for more than five million deaths each year worldwide in children below five years. The child’s nutritional status in this age bracket is crucial for their proper growth and development; hence, an urgent need to address the problem. In the Philippines, the incidence and prevalence of malnutrition doubles annually, owing to several factors hindering its rapid eradication. Leganes, Iloilo is listed as one of the top municipalities with the highest number of child malnutrition cases, and Barangay Nabitasan is identified as having the highest number of cases (92 cases) out of its 18 counties. The team aimed to help reduce the high number of cases through Project NABITASAN, an intervention geared to change the mothers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices about proper nutrition and food preparation. A series of lectures and activities were conducted, with the team monitoring their progress and increase in knowledge after every lecture through comparison of pre- and post-tests. A significant increase in the mothers’ knowledge was observed in every lecture (Lecture 1: t= -10.472, df=42,p-value<0.001; Lecture 2: t= -7.737, df=36, p-value<0.001; Lecture 3:t= -7.299,df=40, p-value<0.001; Lecture 4: t= -8.615,df=32, p-value<0.001; Lecture 5: t= -10.018,df=38, p-value<0.001). The team prepared fun activities and lectures for the children as well for them to learn about nutrition and its importance. Furthermore, the team facilitated feeding programs in 7 out of 8 sitios wherein mothers cooked the children’s breakfast, lunch, and afternoon snacks thrice a week. Vitamins were provided once a week to supplement the feeding sessions. Anthropometric measurements were taken for weekly monitoring. After six weeks, the team was able to reduce malnutrition cases by 65%, with 40 out 62 children enrolled in the program normalized. Project sustainability was left in the hands of the core group and the barangay council, with the team having drafted a 2017 budget plan proposal to allocate barangay funds for health.
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    Investigation of the impact of food and insecurity to the nutritional status of children 6 to 71 months using the Radimer/Cornell Questionnaire among the rural poor in Brgy. Nabitasan, Leganes, Iloilo
    Boncavil, David Allan V.; Chan, Tsarina M.; Erum, Lesley Anne L.; Galas, Caryl E.; Hernandez, Yryka E.; Juele, Sheila Mae A.; Magalonga, April Raye F.; Ogena, Vanessa C. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-05)
    One of the main objectives of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to achieve zero hunger through food security. Within the Municipality of Leganes, Barangay Nabitasan has consistently ranked as the barangay with the most cases of undernourished children aged 6-71 months old. Nabitasan is located 5 kilometers away from poblacion and the locals are handicapped by their limited purchasing power and source of water and their lack of alternative source of food. Accordingly, this cross- sectional study investigated the impact of food insecurity to the nutritional status of 159 children aged 6 to 71 months old in Barangay Nabitasan, Leganes, Iloilo. The children’s nutritional status was determined based on their Weight for Age (WFA) while the respondents for the Radimer/Cornell Questionnaire were the respective mothers or guardians of the children. The Radimer/Cornell Hunger Scale was utilized to measure food security in terms of hunger. Additionally, the results of the scale were correlated to the following sociodemographic factors: age of the mother/guardian, annual family income, income allotment for food, household size, number of children, sibling rank, food source, educational attainment of the mother/guardian. Using chi square test it was found that there was a significant relationship between food security and the nutritional status of the children (X2=5.729, df=l, p- value<0.05). Odds ratio showed that a child that belongs to a food secure household is 2.715 times more likely to be normal than a child that belongs to a food insecure household. Furthermore, factors that were associated with food security were identified through logistic regression. 8 covariates were included in the analysis and the generated model identified the covariates that contributed most and were significantly associated with food security. The model tells us that: 1.) Increasing annual family income was associated with an increased likelihood of being food secure 2.) increasing number of children was associated with a decreased likelihood of being food secure and 3.) having both market and alternative food source, compared to those who rely on market alone, increases the likelihood of being food secure. It is significant to note that the model generated by this study correctly predicted 76.1% of the observed food security status of the cases; this may indicate that there are still other important determinants of food security that have not been identified and that further studies should consider including these.
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    Comparison of direct microscopy and concentration techniques using household bleach for the detection of acid-fast bacilli in sputum
    Bernabe, John Marvin S.; Biaoco, Beverly G.; Castillanes, Melvic A.; Fernandez, Ia Jean F.; Geraldoy, Ruffa V.; Molina, Ryge Albert D.; Pluma, Zyra April D.; Que, Agnes Karen B.; Servidad, Mercy Jeane C.; Tamayo, Kyria Mae Marre P. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2008-03-29)
    Several published studies have demonstrated that the sedimentation and centrifugation concentration techniques which utilize sodium hypochlorite are more efficient in detecting acid fast bacilli in sputum smears compared to the conventional direct smear method. This study was conducted to (1) compare the proportion of AFB-positive samples by direct microscopy with the household bleach centrifugation concentration technique; (2) compare the proportion of AFB-positive samples by direct microscopy with the household bleach sedimentation concentration technique;(3) compare the proportion of AFB-positive samples by household bleach sedimentation with the centrifugation concentration techniques; and (4) compare the cost of the direct smear method, centrifugation concentration technique, and sedimentation concentration technique for detection of AFB. Sputum specimens were collected from TB-DOTS clinics in Miag-ao and San Joaquin, Iloilo and from Medicus laboratories in Iloilo City. The specimens were then processed through the direct smear method, centrifugation concentration method, and sedimentation concentration method. Out of 174 sputum samples included in this study, results revealed that (1) there was no significant difference in the proportions of AFB-positive slides detected using the direct microscopy and centrifugation concentration technique; (2) there was no significant difference in the proportions of AFB-positive slides detected using the direct microscopy and sedimentation concentration technique; (3) there was no significant difference in the proportions of AFB-positive slides detected using the centrifugation and the sedimentation concentration techniques; and (4) simple cost analysis of the three methods suggests that the direct smear method is the most cost efficient. The findings indicate that whichever method is used would yield almost the same proportions of AFB-positive slides. Internal quality control should be maintained throughout the laboratory work to obtain reliable results, as it is the manner of processing that determines the outcome of this study and its validity.
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    Gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity and heavy metal concentration profiles of well water of the Calahunan dump site, Mandurriao, Iloilo City
    Amarante, Hena Charma; Basquez, Mark Anthony; Brunio, Christian Allan; Dable, Nesel; De la Pena, Pamela-Di; Genterola, Janis; Oredina, Josette Marie; Padayhag, Dave (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2005-03)
    The study aimed to establish presence of radioactivity and concentration of heavy metals specifically lead and chromium in drinking water from wells within one-kilometer radius from the approximated center of the Calahunan dump site. Results showed that four out of twelve wells have positive results fro gross alpha activity and gross beta activity: wells 2A, 2C, 3A, and 3D. Well 2A, 2C and 3D registered alpha activities of 0.54, 0.033 and 0.369 Bq/L respectively while Well 3A registered beta activity of 1.0 Bq/L. Wells 2A and 3D exceeded the radiological limits set by WHO and PNSDW of 0.1 Bq/L for alpha activity and 1.0 Bq/L for beta activity. These wells that are found adjacent to the perimeter fence of the dump site registered alpha activity (wells 2A, 2C and 3D) and beta activity (well 3A). Radiological activities in all other wells sampled registered less than lower limit of detection. For gamma activity, all wells recorded 137- Cs and 134-Cs activity less than the lower limit of detection. For chromium and lead concentration using FAAS, only well 3C has a chromium concentration of 0.0952 ppm and this exceeded the PNSDW standard for chromium in drinking water (0.05 ppm) FAAS has not recorded any value for lead. For chemical constituent analysis using XRF, two wells in zone 1 (LA and IC), have recorded lead concentration of 0.9 and 0.136 ppm, respectively. In zone two, only well 2D registered a lead concentration of 0.248 ppm. In zone 3, well 3C registered a lead concentration of 0.397 ppm. For chromium concentration, only well 2A in zone 2 has a chromium concentration of 1.79 ppm. The spot interview and ocular inspection found out that the following garbage are disposed of indiscriminately tn the dump site: (1) Television picture tubes, (2) Dysfunctional Computer Monitors, (3) Used syringes and needles, (4) Hospital wastes, (5) Automobile batteries and dry cells, (6) scrap iron, tin cans, paint cans, paint cans, etc., (7) polyethylene bottle, glass bottles, and containers of similar types, and (8) other organic and inorganic wastes. Wells whose values for gross alpha, lead, and chromium concentration exceeded the standard are unsuitable for dinking and other domestic uses. The observation that wells (2A and 3D) near the Calahunan dump site registered higher-than-standard alpha activity may be a good basis to conduct further research particularly on the effect of leachate from dump site.
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    The relationship between the intensity of common soil-transmitted intestinal helminthiasis and nutritional status among schoolchildren of Miagao-West Central Elementary School (MWCES), Miagao, Iloilo
    Alojepan, Jake L.; Lee, Raymond V.; Mediodia, Harold P.; Tansiongco, Venjune P.; Tubola, Keith Anthony V. (Division of Biological Sciences,, 2003-03)
    This study aimed to determine the relationship between the intensity of infection of common soil-transmitted intestinal helminths (STH): Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Hookworm species (Ancylostoma duodeuale and Necator americamus) and nutritional status among schoolchildren of Miag-ao West Central Elementary School (MWCES). This study also aimed to determine the prevalence of STH infection and nutritional status, either stunted or underweight schoolchildren. There were 285 study participants out of 436 schoolchildren of Miag-ao West Central Elementary School. Stool samples of the study participants were analyzed using Modified Kato-Katz Technique to determine the intensity of infections. The study participants were grouped according to the intensity of infection: negative, light and moderate to heavy. Nutritional status of the study participants was also determined and was classified into stunted, underweight and normal. Height-for-age value was used to determine stunting and weight-for-age value to determine those who are underweight. Frequency count was used for the descriptive analysis of the data gathered. The Chi-square test for association was used in the inferential statistics. The result of the study reveals that 51.2 % of the respondents were infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, 36.5 % with Trichuris trichiura and 4.9 % with hookworm. The findings also show that 16 8 % of the respondents were stunted and 27.4 % were underweight. Finally, study reveals that there is no significant relationship between the nutritional status and the intensity of infection of common soil- transmitted intestinal helminths among the schoolchildren of Miag-ao West Central Elementary School (p= 0 706)
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    Microbiological water analysis of selected point sources in Iloilo City
    Alama, Jannie Mae G.; Calitis, Ma. Socorro Fatima P.; Cervantes, Ria Angela E.; Garcia, Marian Aisa C.; Otico, Pelita A.; Pacheco, Donna Ginn G.; Taquiso, Jezreel l. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2006-04)
    The recreational use of the Iloilo River according to the Iloilo River Master Plan entails various studies to support it being safe for swimming and other activities. The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Region VI has done very few studies to determine this particular aspect of the Iloilo River. Thus, the present study was conducted to determine the bacteriologic content of water in selected point sources in Iloilo River, Iloilo City and the possible correlations to the incidence of health risks. Specifically the study aims to: (1) determine significant differences in the physico-chemical characteristics of water samples from each point source; (2) to determine the total and fecal coliform counts number for each water sample from the selected point sources; (2) detect the presence or absence of E. coli, Salmonella spp., and culturable Vibrios in water in selected point sources; (3) describe the incidence of health risks; and (4) correlate the heterotrophic plate count for total coliforms, Most Probable Number for Fecal Coliforms and the number of symptomatic respondents. The results of the study showed that the total coliform count for Point source A (HPC=6000/l00 ml) is higher compared to the standard set by the DENR (5000/100 ml) while Point source B and C are within the range. The concentrations of E. coli, in water samples A, B, and C (2400 MPN/100 ml sample) were found to be higher than the DENR standard for fecal coliforms for Class C Waters - fresh water, (200 MPN/lOOml sample). Although results indicate that the river water has high fecal contamination, there were no significant correlations between heterotrophic plate counts, Most Probable Number for Fecal Coliforms and the number of symptomatic respondents for each point source.
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    Documentation of food handling practices in relation to health conditions of children aging 0 to 6 years old in Barangay Lanag Sur, Tubungan, Iloilo
    Arcolas, Kezia Lois; Belleza, Noel Francis; De Leon, Mary Antonette; Lebin, Ma. Angeli; Nisorrada, Jea Rochelle; Silva, Alyssa Joy; Rafols, Sofia Aprille Grace (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2012-04)
    Improper home food handling preparation and consumption practices by consumers, inadequate hygiene practices, consumption of raw and unsafe food, as well as cross contamination by raw food are some factors and practices that have been implicated in food borne outbreaks in the home (Taulo et al., 2006). A survey was conducted to 27 households with children aged 0-6 years old from Barangay Lanag Sur, Tubungan, Iloilo. Of the 27 respondents, majority belong to the 30- 39(46.15%) age group, are housewives(65.38%) who were also in charge of preparing the food(53.8%), with monthly income ranging from 0-4999 pesos(57.69%). Among the respondents, six of them were randomly taken for sources of food sample which was tested for physical and microbial examination. Based on the survey, food preparation practices of households in the barangay is composed of washing, cutting, rewashing, boiling to cook/sterilize (for infant formulas), and cooling to room temperature. Majority of the respondents consume right kind of foods essential for nutritional use and use untreated spring water for its preparation. Food samples taken have pH values ranging from 6.15 to 6.975. The test for coliform indicated that two out of six households were positive for presence of coliform. Among the common illnesses of children recorded, 96% have had a history of acute respiratory infections and 84% have had episodes of gastrointestinal illness. Food handling practice in the community is simple and not capable of eliminating pathogenic substances like coliform bacteria totally.
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    Risk factors and prevalence of dental caries among students at Tubungan Central Elementary School, Iloilo, Philippines
    Abalajon, Karl Vincent P.; Caoyonan, Liza Marie D.; Fernandez, Natasha Andrea; Gequinana, Apple Joy F.; Lava, Lara Cristy S.; Millado, Justine Bennette H.; Rivera, Tess Corgette A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2011-03)
    Pulpitis has been the leading cause of morbidity among adults in Tubungan, Iloilo for the past three years. Pulpitis may develop from untreated dental caries as this make the deeper layer of the teeth more susceptible to bacterial colonization. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of and the risk factors associated with dental caries among school age children in Tubungan Central Elementary School. This study will further investigate the possible causes of the high in prevalence of dental caries, and eventually introduce means of decreasing its morbidity in the municipality. One hundred nineteen students from Grades one to six were included in the study. The dental caries status was determined using the DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) index. The dental caries status was determined using the DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) index. The nutritional status was assessed using Weight for Age (WFA), Height for Age (HFA), and Weight for Height (WFH) as parameters as parameters. The Oral Hygiene practices, socio-economic status and food intake of the respondents were determined intake of the respondents were determined through an interview schedule. The prevalence of dental caries was 75.6%, with a mean DMFT of 2.97. Grade 2 students had the highest prevalence (95%) and DMFT index (5.9) among the grade levels. The DMFT index of each grade level was found to be significantly different (p=0.000). There was no statistical significance between the DMFT indices between males and females, although the mean DMFT of females was higher than males. There is no significant association between the Socio-Economic status of the family and DMFT index of the respondents. Only food rich in cereals and starches had significant association with the DMFT index. It is recommended that the government should intensify the campaigns on Oral health alongside other forms of health education and dietary and nutrition advice.