UPV Theses and Dissertations
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Item A taxonomic survey of epiphytes on Enhalus acoroides in Ali Cove, Taklong Island, Nueva Valencia, GuimarasAlojado, Ezra Nelson E. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1996-06)Epiphytes were collected from the blades of the seagrass Enhalus acoroides which were harvested from Ali Cove, Taklong Island, Guimaras. 20 epiphytic algae were identified with the aid of taxonomic keys. Of these, five belong to the Cyanophyceae, two to the Chlorophyceae, one to the Phaeophyceae, eight to the Rhodophyceae and four to the Bacillariophyceae. Thirteen specimens were identified to the species level and seven to the genus level only. Measurements of temperature, salinity and pH were taken at the study site during the collectionItem A preliminary study on the effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) seed extract on the reproductive potential of the female Friutfly (Drosophila melanogaster)Altea, Armee H. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-04)Eqqs, first instar larvae, and third instar larvae of fruit flies (D. melanogaster), were treated with 0%, 10%, and 15% neem seed extract. This resulted in reduced number of adults that emerged from treated embryos and larvae. Females following treatment crossed with untreated males have reduced number of progeny compared with control (untreated) females. Treatment of extract at three stages of development indicated that fertilized eggs were most affected by the extract. Females derived from treated eggs were sterile. The number of progeny produced by females treated during first instar stage were considerably reduced compared to controls. On the other hand, the number of progeny produced by females treated during third instar stage was not significantly different from controls. The results suggest that neem seed extract has active components which can reduce the reproductive potential of female fruit flies exposed to the chemicals particularly at the early stages of development.Item Effect of Physico-chemical parameters of rearing waters on survival rates of larvae and post larvae of Penaeus monodon in two hatchery systemsAlindong, Ray Lauron (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1995-03)Physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, salinity, and D.O. of the small-scale and large-scale hatchery system were monitored daily for a duration of two months. The relationship between the physico-chemical parameters and the survival of the different larval and post-larval stages between the two hatchery systems was then determined. Results showed that the physico-chemical parameters obtained from the small-scale hatchery system were favorable to the survival of the larval stages of the prawn. However, the physico—chemical parameters obtained from the large-scale hatchery system were more suitable for the growth of the post-larval stages.Item A historical analysis of Pintado (Euphorbia heterophylla)Alcarde, Annabelle Z. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-03)A histochemical study on Euphorbia heterophylla, a shrubby plant of the Family Euphorbiaceae was performed to screen the plant for the presence of medically important substances that could be responsible for its curative powers. Results of the analysis showed that aldehydes are highly detectable in the stem (xylem and phloem); moderately detectable in the leaf (xylem), stem (epidermis and vascular cambium), root (phloem) and flower (ovary); and slightly detectable in the flower (calyx). Alkaloids are moderately detectable in the stem (xylem, vascular cambium, and phloem) and slightly detectable in the leaf (xylem, vascular cambium, epidermis, and phloem). Amygdalin is highly detectable in the leaf (xylem) and stem (epidermis); moderately detectable in the root (phloem), and fruit (seed and pericarp); and slightly detectable in the root (xylem) and the flower (ovary). Arbutin is highly detectable in the xylem of the leaf and pericarp of the fruit; moderately detectable in the phloem of the leaf and vascular cambium of the stem; and slightly detectable in the stem (xylem, phloem, and epidermis), root (xylem), and flower (ovary). Saponins are highly detectable in the leaf (xylem, phloem, and epidermis), (xylem), root (xylem and phloem), flower (calyx and ovary) and fruit (seed). Formic acid is moderately detectable in the leaf and stem (epidermis), and slightly detectable in the stem and root (xylem). Oxalic acid is slightly detectable in the stem (phloem). Tannins are highly detectable in the stem (xylem and phloem) and fruit (pericarp); moderately detectable in the leaf (xylem and phloem) and fruit (seed); and slightly detectable in the stem (epidermis).Item Effects of freezing and thawing on some agar parameters of Eucheuma spinosum and Gracilaria confervoidesAbelende, Ma. Orfa R. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1995-05)Agar was extracted from two agar-containing red algae species, namely Gracilaria confervoides and Eucheuma spinosum. Qualitative assessment was made on the agar extracts, which included percentage yield, gel strength, syneresis, and hysteresis range. The quality of agar extracts derived from this study was compared to commercial agar-agar. The. effects of each parameters, repeated freezing and thawing on agar were also investigated. Qualitative test showed that percentage yield from Gracilaria was higher than Eucheuma. Gel strength and hysteresis range of agar from commercial sources and Gracilaria were higher compared to Eucheuma. On the other hand, syneresis range was highest in Eucheuma agar. Repeated freezing and thawing lowered percentage yield and syneresis but increased gel strength and hysteresis of agar extracts from agar sources used.Item A preliminary study on the extraction of alginic acid from three species of brown algae: Sargassum polycystum, Sargassum cristaefolium and Turbinaria sp. in Taklong Is.,GuimarasAdelantar, Geoffrey V. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1996-04)Three species of brown algae were harvested in Taklong Is., Guimaras. These were Sargassum polycystum, Sargassum cristaefolium, and Turbinaria sp. These brown algae were subjected to physical and chemical treatment to extract and compare the amount of their alginic acid in the form of sodium alginate. Four seaweed collections for extraction were made between August to December, 1995. Values obtained during the first three extractions gave almost similar results. S. polycystum exhibited the highest percentage yield of sodium alginate with a mean of 22.84%. It was followed by S. cristaefolium at 22.21%. Turbinaria sp. gave the lowest yield with a mean of 14.12%. The last extraction somehow showed a decrease in the percentage yield of all three samples. S. polycystum yielded just 20.00%, S. cristaefolium at 19.00% and Turbinaria sp. at just. 10.10%. Several factors may have contributed to the differences in the amount of alginic acid of the three species of brown algae. Among these are the inherent capability of the different species of brown algae to produce alginates, the thickness and sturdiness of the samples, the viscosity of the extracts, and seasonal changes.Item Sea tidal occurrence as basis for estimating the time of child deliveriesAbello, Jose Hernany L., Jr. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1992-03)The study was made to investigate the reliability of using the predicted time of occurrence of high tide or low tide as a basis of estimating the time of delivery of a child. This was conceived because of the belief and practice of "hilots" which has never been proven scientifically. The data on deliveries were obtained from the Angel Salazar Memorial General Hospital (San Jose, Antique) and the Western Visayas Medical Center (Mandurriao, Iloilo City). Random sampling was used with ten deliveries chosen for each month in the respective hospitals from the total number of spontaneous deliveries for the year 1990. The time of delivery was paired with the nearest occurrence of high or low tide based on the Predicted Tide and Current Tables for 1990 published by the National Mapping and Resource Information Authority, Coast and Geodetic Surveys Department. The raw data were subjected to regression analysis using Microstat software. The linear correlation coefficients (r) obtained were 0.960 (ASMGH) and 0.949² (WVMC) while the coefficients of determination (r² ) were 0.921 (ASMGH) and 0.901 (WVMC). A strong positive correlation between the two variables was seen in both hospitals studied. The time durations before or after the occurrence of high or low tide within which a child could be expected to be delivered on the average were 1.68 hours (ASMGH) and 1.85 hours (WVMC). The study has demonstrated that the could be delivery estimated time of occurrence of high or low tide considered as basis for estimating the time of a baby.Item Species composition and food preference of fishes in two seagrass beds in Taklong Island, GuimarasApostol, Archie E. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1997-08)Seagrass bed is known as one of the most important biological system that serves as nursery areas, resting and hiding place of small organisms and feeding ground for fishes. Investigations on population structure and composition of fishes have been done to monitor species diversity, abundance, and distribution in seagrass ecosystem. However, few studies have related food preference to community structure. This study aims to determine the species composition and food preference of fishes in Bagatnan and Kalirohan seagrass beds in Taklong Island, Guimaras. Once-a-month sampling in Taklong Island was conducted during the months of October, November, and December 1996. The collection of fishes was done using gill net. It was casted —50 meters from the shore and parallel to the shore during high tide and hauled during the next low tide. All gathered fishes were measured and preserved in 10% formalin. For stomach content analysis, stomachs of fishes were excised, preserved and brought to the laboratory for analysis. Contents were flushed out from the stomach, sorted and identified to major groups (as food items). Based on the results of the study,Siganus fuscecens, Scarus psittacus, and Dichistodus chrysopoecilus were the most abundant species of fish collected in Bagatnan and Kalirohan seagrass beds Kalirohan had a slightly higher species diversity and species richness value than Bagatnan. Most of the fishes caught were omnivores and this feeding mode was clearly reflected in the results of the stomach content analyses Also, the most abundant and common species (e.g. S. fuscecens & Dischistodus spp) had various food items on their stomach. Seagrass blades, algae, foraminiferans and other seagrass-associated organisms (e g. fishes, sipunculids, crustaceans and molluscs) were present in the stomach of many species. Of these, foraminiferans are the most frequently encountered among the food items. A few species fed on single item such as Synodus variegatus, Atherioromorus sp. and Amanses scopes which were found to feed exclusively on fish, algae and seagrass respectively. Although factors like type of fishing gear used and its mesh size and the time of sampling may have biased the kind and size of fish collected, it was clear that the extent of seagrass cover and availability of other food sources (algae and meio- & macrofauna) have influenced the abundance, species diversity & richness and the food consumed (and perhaps, also preferred) by the fish fauna.Item Anti-microbial activity of aqueous extracts from selected Philippine soft coral speciesAguilar, Remotito A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1994-03)Five species of soft corals were collected from Taklong Islands Guimaras and then extracted with water. The aqueous extract was assayed for anti- microbial activity. Potent extracts were tested for its minimal inhibitory concentration against the most sensitive microorganisms. The equivalent potency was also determined using PEN VK as the standard antibiotic. Lobophyton was found to inhibit S. aureus at 50% concentration of the aqueous extract (ATCC 25923) while Sinuloria. sp. was found to inhibit the growth of both S. aureus (ATCC 25923) and B. subtilis (NSRI-1). Aqueous extracts of Lobophyton sp.has an equipotency of 6.64 units/ml of PEN VK against S. aureus, whereas aqueous extracts of Sinulcria sp. has a potency of 104 units/ml of PEN VK against B. subtilis.Item Effect of varying levels of cotton (Gossypium sp.) seed meal on the spermatogenesis of mice (Mus musculus)Abonador, Luena A. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1992-04)Cottonseeds procured from Western Colton Corporation, Oton, Iloilo were dehulled, cleaned by hand, and ground using a mortar and pestle. Ground cottonseed meal (CSM) was incorporated in varying amounts into the basal diet so that diets contained varying levels (0,10,20,30 g) of CSM per 100 g formulated diet. These were then pelletized at the Nutrition and Feed Division, Aquaculture Department (AQD), Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC), Tigbauan, Iloilo. A total of thirty-two 20-day-old male mice (16 white and 16 black) were randomly distributed to four dietary treatments, each with four replicates. After a 5-day acclimatization period, during which the mice were fed with the basal diet (0% CSM), the four experimental diets were given to the randomly selected experimental animals for another 35 days. The mice were subsequently sacrificed, and histological examination of the testes was conducted. Differential count of sperms was done to evaluate the effects of varying levels of CSM on the spermatogenesis of mice. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. There was no significant difference in the sperm counts of the two strains of mice. However, significant differences (P<0.01) were noted in sperm counts of mice at various levels of CSM in the diet. Likewise, significant differences (P<0.01) were observed between 0% and 20 or 30%; 10% and 20 or 30%; 20% and 30% CSM in the diet. No significant difference was noted between sperm counts of mice fed with 0% and 10% CSM levels. Slight degeneration of the seminiferous tubules and predominance of immature stages (spermatogonia) were observed in the testes of mice fed with diet containing 30% CSM.