UPV Theses and Dissertations
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Item Alcohol use among out-of-school youth in Iloilo CityCabaluna, Vanessa P.; Eler, Paul Candice Ellen M.; Gazo, Ella Catherine T.; Marla, Mary Ellen J.; Train, Christine Q. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2002-03)The out-of-school youth, 13-22 years old, appears to have one of the greatest risks for alcohol use. This study was conducted to determine alcohol use among out-of-school youth in the City of Iloilo. The subjects of the study were 150 out-of-school youths, randomly selected from 15 barangays of the 6 districts of Iloilo City. Data for this research was gathered using an interview schedule. Results show that one hundred thirty-one (87.33%) out of 150 out-of-school youth respondents had been initiated to alcoholic drinks. Their mean age at alcohol initiation was 15.81. Majority of these respondents usually drink beer (58.78%), followed by gin (13.74%), and tuba/lambanog (12.22%). Other choices include rum and brandy. Factors that influenced the respondents to drink alcohol included friends (67.94%), relatives (12.98%), father (9.16%). Other factors included personal decision, mass media, and mood/problems. Reasons for drinking alcoholic beverages include celebrations of special occasions (30.53%), leisure (18.32%), curiosity (15.27%), and sense of belongingness (12.98%). Other reasons include peer pressure, personal choice and personal problems. Reasons for not drinking include personal choice (47.37%), health reasons (31.58%), family prohibits (15.79%), and religion prohibits (5.26%). Alcohol use is significantly associated with respondents' sex, involvement in organisations or community activities, smoking, and use of prohibited drugs. There is no significant difference between alcohol use and family drinking status & with whom they are staying.Item Factors that increase the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted diseases among Panay-based male Filipino seafarers: A cross-sectional study on occupational factors, sexual practices and experiences, and knowledge status that increase the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted diseases among male Filipino seafarers undergoing Panay-based training in December 2002Briones, Kaynor; Donato, Diana Louise; Lim, Natania Jayne; Lopez, Clarissa Linda; Wong, Darlene (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2003-03)This is a cross-sectional study that aims to determine the association between the presence of sexually transmitted diseases and the occupational factors, sexual practices and experiences, and knowledge status of male Filipino seafarers with sea experience, undergoing Panay-based training during the month of December 2002. Questionnaires were distributed to 236 respondents. The respondents were divided into two main groups: a) seafarers with a history of sexually transmitted diseases, and b) seafarers without a history of sexually transmitted diseases. Results showed that 13.56% of the respondents have history of sexually transmitted diseases. There is a significant relationship between the presence of history of sexually transmitted diseases of the seafarers and the following: their income, department, number of years of sea experience, having sexual encounters in ports, lifetime total number of sex partners in ports, and regular use of protection during sexual encounters with women in ports. However, there is no significant relationship between the presence of history of sexually transmitted diseases of the seafarers and the following: their age of start of sea experience, longest period of stay in a single port, most number of visits in a single port, type of sex partners in ports, and knowledge status. Male seafarers have emerged among the more vulnerable groups to sexually transmitted diseases. As the number of male seafarers in the country increases each year, more attention must be given to their health and welfare.Item A preliminary investigation on the antimicrobial activity of Luffa cylindrica (Patola) leaf extractBenjamin, Paulette E. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2002-04)Four concentrations were prepared (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%) from the Patola (Luffa cylindrical) leaf extract. Positive and negative controls were made in order to have a basis for comparison with the other four Patola leaf extract concentrations. Negative controls were purely sterilized distilled water, while the positive controls used were Amoxicillin for bacteria and Mycostatin for Candida albicans. The effectiviness of these concentrations was tested on the growth of the five selected microorganisms, namely: Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, C. albicans and Microsporum canis. M. canis did not exhibit any growth and had no significant difference. Patola was found to inhibit the growth of S. aureus, S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus at 100% concentration. Patola leaf concentration of 75% weakly inhibited the growth of S. epidermidis and S. aureus. Concentrations of 50%, and 25% showed negative inhibitory activity. Candida albicans in all four concentrations showed negative inhibitory activities. The minimum inhibitory activity that was able to inhibit bacterial growth was at 75% leaf extract concentration.Item Occupational exposure to emissions of photocopying machines in Iloilo City: An exploratory studyBecodo, Cristina M.; Dignadice, Zynie B.; Gaviola, Ma. Thessa Urdolyn M.; Jumares, Analyn G.; Nievales, Cathy Q.; Panizales, Vanessa Grace L.; Teruel, Josie A.; Tingzon, Glynis S. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2004-04)Photocopying is a profitable business in Iloilo City. The photocopying machines are known to emit ozone and volatile organic compounds. This study aims to determine whether long-term exposure to photocopying machines will have adverse health effects on the operators. The group extracted blood samples from the respondents; had them undergo chest x-ray examination; answer questionnaires and checklists. From the blood samples, the group determined the WBC count, differential count and serum albumin, total protein and uric acid of the respondents. From the chest x-ray examination, the group aimed to see particles from photocopier emissions deposited in the lungs. From questionnaires, the group aimed to determine the operators’ common health complaints. From the checklists, the group aimed to know if the photocopying establishments have a suitable working space area and ventilation. The group aimed to determine the effect of years and hours of exposure to photocopiers; number of machines; ventilation; working space area; kind and number of toner on WBC count and differential count; health complaints; serum albumin, total protein and uric acid levels; and chest x-ray results of the respondents. Results showed that years and hours of exposure had no significant effect on the photocopier operators. However, other factors such as the number of machines, working space area and ventilation, number and kind of toner had significant effects on selected cell and serum levels in the blood of the operators and on their common health complaints. The group concludes that exposure to photocopying machines have significant effects on the health status of the photocopier operators based on the common health complaints they frequently experience, white blood cell count and differential count and blood serum levels.Item Nutritional status of 0-5 year old children of small scale fisherfolks from Barangays along the coastal areas of Miagao, IloiloAscano, Maria Epifanie; Borromeo, Ma. Benjafe; Luces, Leslie Ann; Napud, Ma. Salve; Sagge, Jasmine; Tarroja, Aireen Joy (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2003-03)This special problem sought to determine the nutritional status of 0-5 year old children of subsistence fisherfolks from selected barangays along the coastal areas of Miag-ao, Iloilo. The study incorporated anthropometric, clinical, dietary, and socioeconomic data to detect any nutritional disorder and to ascertain nutriture of 0-5 years old children. There were fifty-six fishermen among the 14 coastal areas which served as basis for determining the number of respondents. Ninety-one children aged 0-5 years old comprised the sample population. This descriptive cross-sectional study employed a probability sampling method named two-stage sampling design. This special study utilized an anthropometric data sheet, clinical assessment sheet, 24-hour food recall sheet, and interview schedule to gather appropriate data. The data collected was then subjected to statistical tools such as means, frequency count/distribution, percentages, ANOVA using the EPI-INFO 6 software and the Fil-Anthrop Software of the FNRI-DOST. Findings revealed that 45.1% of the respondents had an average height for age, 37.4% of the respondents were mildly underweight for age, and 54.9% had an average weight for height. Among the ninety-one respondents, the clinical signs exhibited were lack of luster, thinness, and sparseness; dyspigmentation; pale conjunctiva; thyroid gland enlargement; mottled enamel; dental caries; spongy, bleeding gums; and beading of the rib. Moreover, 82.4% of the respondents were below the Recommended Dietary Allowance. Findings have revealed that there is no association between the nutritional status of respondents (ht. for age, wt. for age, wt. for ht.) and the following variables: (a) Age of 0-5 years old children, (b) Sex of 0-5 years old children, (c) family size, (d) Monthly family income, (e) Highest educational attainment of housewives, (f) Clinical signs, (g) Sanitary practices, (h) Crowding index, (i) Feeding practices of housewives, (j) Presence of toilet facilities, and (k) Source of drinking water.Item Prevalence of substance use among college students of state colleges in IloiloAgreda, Joji Marie Gela; Corio, Razel Joy Luceno; Hervas, Jeneline Espanol; Icabandi, Donna Joy Tabor; Melarin, Dianne Vallecera; Mosura, Joenalie Montano; Suspeñe, Rhoda Belandres; Vallejo, Arleen Joy Calanao (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2004-04)This study aimed to describe the prevalence, nature, and extent of substance use of college students enrolled in the main campuses of state colleges in Iloilo. There were 402 respondents coming from the main campuses of Iloilo State College of Fisheries (ISCOF), Northern Iloilo Polytechnic State College (NIPSC), Western Visayas College of Science and Technology (WVCST) and the lone campus of New Lucena Polytechnic College (NLPC). Data was collected through a questionnaire which was modified from the model core questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Results showed that 36.1% of the respondents had tried smoking. Their mean age of smoking initiation was 17 years with 13.5% having first tried smoking before 15 years of age. Their top three reasons for smoking are as follows: curiosity (44.1%), for fun (25.5%) and peer pressure (17.2%). Of the respondents who smoked within 30 days prior to the survey, 14.7% consumed more than 5 cigarettes per day. The results also showed that 33.8% of the respondents who have tried smoking usually smoke during parties while their usual place to smoke is either in their houses, dormitories or boarding houses (40.7%). There was a significant relationship between the smoking status of the respondents who have tried smoking and the following: gender (p < 0.0001), age (p = 0.0004) and year level (p < 0.01). On the other hand, smoking status of the respondents who have tried smoking has no significant relationship with the following: annual family income (p = 0.91). living arrangement (p = 0.63) and membership in fraternities/sororities (p = 0.17). Alcoholic use had a higher prevalence (65.4%) than cigarette smoking (36.1%). The mean age of those respondents who have tried drinking was also 17 years with 13.7% having tried drinking at an age below 15 years. Their top three reasons for drinking are: for fun (34.6%), curiosity (29.3%) and because family members drink (12.9%). Seventy percent of the respondents who have tried drinking drank 30 days prior to the survey with 10.9% consuming more than 5 bottles and another 10.9% consuming more than 5 glasses of alcoholic beverages. Of those who have been binge drinking 30 davs prior to the survey, 18.9% have been binge drinking 3 to 5 times. The usual occasion for the respondents to drink is during parties (72.9%) and the usual place for them to drink was either in their houses, dormitories or boarding houses (60.8%). The beverage of choice is beer (59.7%). The drinking status of those who have tried drinking had a significant relationship with the following: gender (p < 0.0001), year level (p = 0.005) and membership to fraternities/sororities (p = 0.04). Meanwhile, drinking status had no significant relationship with age (p = 0.06), annual family income (p = 0.85) and their living arrangements (p = 0.51). Shabu use had a prevalence of 2.7% among the respondents. The mean age of shabu use was also 17 years with 18.2% first trying it at 15 years of age. Their reasons for having tried shabu are: peer pressure (45.5%), curiosity (18.2%) and for fun (18.2%). Within 30 days prior to the survey. 45.5% of those who have tried using shabu have used shabu and 20.0% have used shabu in 20 or more days. They usually use shabu during parties (54.5%) and usually have tried using shabu either in their houses, dormitories and boarding houses (54.6%). Data shows that shabu use had a significant relationship with the following: gender (p = 0.0007). year level (p = 0.003) and fraternity/sorority membership (p = 0.05). It has no significant relationship with age (p = 0.09). annual family income (p = 0.92) and their living arrangements (p = 0.47). Results also showed that 5 % of the respondents have tried smoking marijuana and 4.2% have tried opiate type drugs. The mean age for having tried drugs other than shabu was also 17 years with 26.3 % having tried them at an age below 15. Thirty-one percent of those who have tried other drugs than shabu have tried within 30 days prior to the survey.Item Prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and Enterobius vermicularis in the hands of preschool children in day care centers in Miagao, IloiloAbellon, Rupert L., III (Division of Biological Sciences, Bachelor of Science in Public Health, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2002-03)The hands of 199 preschool children in Day Care Centers of Miag-ao, Iloilo were swabbed and examined for the presence of parasitic ova, specifically soil-transmitted parasites. Prevalence rates of parasitic ova were determined and tested for significant differences with variables that include age, sex, parent’s educational level, and location of the day care center of the preschoolers. Ascaris had a prevalence rate of 24.12% (48), Enterobius with 1.51% (3) and Trichuris with 1.01% (2). Toxocara canis had a 6.03% prevalence (12) in the hands of preschoolers. Using the Chi-square test to test for differences, it was shown that there were no significant differences in the presence of parasitic ova in the hands among preschoolers with regards to age, sex, and parent’s educational level except for location of the day care center. There was a significant difference in the prevalence rate of parasitic ova in the hands of preschoolers in coastal areas and those in non-coastal areas. Preschoolers in the coastal areas had a higher prevalence rate (29.82%) compared to those in the non-coastal areas (16.47%). With a sample of 121 stools from the same group of preschoolers, the study showed that there was no direct association between the presence of Ascaris ova in the hands and their presence in stools.Item The relationship between the intensity of common soil-transmitted intestinal helminthiasis and nutritional status among schoolchildren of Miagao-West Central Elementary School (MWCES), Miagao, IloiloAlojepan, Jake L.; Lee, Raymond V.; Mediodia, Harold P.; Tansiongco, Venjune P.; Tubola, Keith Anthony V. (Division of Biological Sciences,, 2003-03)This study aimed to determine the relationship between the intensity of infection of common soil-transmitted intestinal helminths (STH): Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Hookworm species (Ancylostoma duodeuale and Necator americamus) and nutritional status among schoolchildren of Miag-ao West Central Elementary School (MWCES). This study also aimed to determine the prevalence of STH infection and nutritional status, either stunted or underweight schoolchildren. There were 285 study participants out of 436 schoolchildren of Miag-ao West Central Elementary School. Stool samples of the study participants were analyzed using Modified Kato-Katz Technique to determine the intensity of infections. The study participants were grouped according to the intensity of infection: negative, light and moderate to heavy. Nutritional status of the study participants was also determined and was classified into stunted, underweight and normal. Height-for-age value was used to determine stunting and weight-for-age value to determine those who are underweight. Frequency count was used for the descriptive analysis of the data gathered. The Chi-square test for association was used in the inferential statistics. The result of the study reveals that 51.2 % of the respondents were infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, 36.5 % with Trichuris trichiura and 4.9 % with hookworm. The findings also show that 16 8 % of the respondents were stunted and 27.4 % were underweight. Finally, study reveals that there is no significant relationship between the nutritional status and the intensity of infection of common soil- transmitted intestinal helminths among the schoolchildren of Miag-ao West Central Elementary School (p= 0 706)