UPV Theses and Dissertations
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Item Comparative development of larval performance of catfish hybrids (Clarias macrocephalus Gunther x Clarias gariepinus Burchell)Cabanos, Cerrone Salamat (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2003-03)Our native catfish, Clarias macrocephalus, is one of the most well-accepted fish in the country. With its soft and savory flesh, this species has high demand in local markets. However, due to its relatively slow growth and poor breeding activity, our native catfish has become rarely used nowadays in aquaculture. This led to the introduction of exotic and faster growing species like the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, and Thai catfish, Clarias batrachus, which in turn, resulted to the near extinction of the native species. There is therefore a perceived need to undertake a breeding program involving this native catfish and other exotic species. One potential solution to increase our production rate of the native catfish is to hybridize it with the African catfish. Interspecific hybridization has been a popular breeding program utilized by researchers attempting to produce fish expressing hybrid vigor (positive heterosis) or for combining valuable traits from more than one species. This study is on the characterization of the early developmental stages of fertilized eggs and the comparison of larval performance (in terms of percent fertilization, hatching and larval survival) resulting from the artificial cross of Clarias macrocephalus (native catfish) and Clarias gariepinus (African catfish) and its parental species. In comparing the rates of egg development among crosses (all macrolecithal and discoidal cleavage), it was determined that fertilized eggs of the standard hybrid cross (C. gariepinus male x C. macrocephalus female) have a relatively faster rate of development than those from the reciprocal cross (C. macrocephalus male x C. gariepinus female). Results on determination of larval performance showed that there is no significant difference in percent fertilization and percent survival after 7 days between hybrid and parental crosses. However, in terms of percent hatching, the reciprocal hybrid cross (C macrocephalus male x C. gariepinus female), together with the C. gariepinus x C. gariepinus parental cross had a significantly higher percent hatching (P < 0.01) compared to the standard cross (C. gariepinus male x C. macrocephalus female).Item Mangrove community structure survey in Barangay Guisi and Linayasan, Altavas, AklanBullo, Gliford G. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2004-04)The mangrove forest is a complex and unique community of medium to large tress, shrubs, vines and palms, oddly thriving with luxuriant growth in the least inviting habitats which have the barest and limited conditions for the growth and survival of higher plant life. This study aims to assess the community structure of mangroves in Barangay Guisi and Linayasan, Altavas, Aklan using accepted ecological indicators. The sampling site, Altavas, Aklan is located at the upper median of Panay Island. There was a total of 15 true mangrove species belonging to the 9 families in the area. The nine families are Family Myrsinaceae represented by Aegiceras corniculatum, Family Avicenniaceae represented by Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis and Avicennia rumphiana; Family Rhizophorceae represented by Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Bruguiera parviflora; Family Bombacaceae represented by Camptostemon phihppensis; Family Rubiaceae represented by Scyphiphora hydrophylaceae; Family Meliaceae represented by Xylocarpus granatum and Family Palmae represented by Nypa fruticans. Avicennia rumphiana has the highest mean basal area of 23.21 (m2/ha), while Xylocarpus granatum had the lowest mean basal area of 0.01 (m2/ha). Avicennia rumphiana has the highest relative density of 57, while Xylocarpus granatum has the lowest relative density with a value of 1. Avicennia rumphiana and Avicennia officinalis had the highest relative frequency of 19.8667 Aegiceras corniculatum, Excoecaria agallocha, Scyphtphora hydrophylaceae and Xylocarpus grunatum on the other hand had the lowest relative frequency of 0.4. Avicennia rumphiana is the dominant species with a relative dominance value of 23.66, and Xylocarpus granatum is the least dominant species with relative dominance value of 0.01. Avicennia rumphiana is the most important species in the area with an importance value of 127.1816, and the least important species, as observed, is Xylocarpus granatum with an importance value of 1.685863. The index of diversity is 0.918655 for the entire area.Item Mangrove community structure survey in Pedada Bay, Ajuy, IloiloBravo, Mark G. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2004-04)Mangroves are uniquely tropical, globally occurring and one of the most pervasive coastline ecosystems. They are one of the highly productive and one of the most diverse wetlands on earth. The objective of this study is to assess the community structure of mangroves in Pedada Bay, Ajuy, Iloilo, in particular the species composition and diversity in relation to the physical and chemical factors. Pedada Bay is located in the northern part of Panay Island. The transect line plot method was used to survey the community structure of the mangroves. The floristic composition of Pedada Bay was composed of a total of 18 true mangrove species belonging to 11 families. The true mangroves were Family Avicenniaceae represented by Avicennia marina and A. rumphiana, Family Bombacaceae represented by Camptostemon philippinensis, Family Combretaceae represented by Lumnitzera racemosa, Family Euphorbiaceae represented by Exoecaria agallocha, Family Meliaceae composed of Xylocarpus granatum and X. moluccensis, Family Myrsinaceae composed of Aegiceras corniculatum and A. floridum, Family Myrtaceae represented by Osbornia octodonta, Family Palmae represented by Nypa fruticans, Family Rhizophoraceae composed of Bruguiera cylindrica, Ceriops decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, and R. stylosa, Family Rubiaceae, composed of Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea, and Family Sonneratiaceae, composed of Sonneratia alba. Average basal area for the entire Pedada Bay ranges from 300.564 m2/ha for Sonneratia alba to 0.008 m2/ha for Rhizophora mucronata. Average stems per hectare ranges from 1,988 for Avicennia marina to 5 stems per hectare for Aegiceras corniculatum. Of the three barangays of Pedada Bay, Barangay Pedada had the highest basal area while Barangay Luca had the lowest basal area. Sonneratia alba was the most dominant species in the bay. Avicennia marina was the densest, the most frequently occurring, and the most important species in Pedada Bay. The entire area had a high diversity index of 0.718. A distinct zonation pattern was observed in the area. Seedling density ranges from 1,421 seedlings for Sonneratia alba to 1 seedling for Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea. Sapling density ranges from 166 for Avicennia marina to 1 for Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea.Item Identification of intertidal fungi from mangroves in Iloilo RiverBonifacio, Jo F. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2002-04)This study aims to describe, identify and classify intertidal fungi through direct examination of the collected mangrove wood samples in Iloilo River, Iloilo City, Philippines. This will provide additional information about the occurrence of fungi in estuarine environments. One hundred samples of decayed but attached roots and stems of unidentified mangroves were collected in each of the intertidal zone of the three study sites (Study Site I: Sooc, Oton, Iloilo; Study Site II: Dulonan, Arevalo, Iloilo City; Study Site III: Diversion River, near Marina Restaurant) in Iloilo River. In Study Site 1, The total number of species collected was 11, 4 of which belong to Phylum Ascomycota, 2 belong to Phylum Deuteromycota and 5 belong to Phylum Basidiomycota. In Study Site II, there were 10, 6 belong to Phylum Ascomycota, 3 to Phylum Deuteromycota and 1 to Phylum Basidiomycota and in Study Site III, total number of species was 14, 7 belong to Phylum Ascomycota, 4 to Phylum Deuteromycota and 3 to Phylum Basidiomycota. The total number of species of fungi collected in the three study sites were 20 (8 ascomycetes, 7 basidiomycetes, and 5 deuteromycetes). The frequently occurring fungi (10-29 % fiequency of occurrence) are Eutypa sp. (15.3%), followed by Periconia prolifica (13 %) and Verruculina enalia (10.3%). The remaining 17 species were collected infrequently (<10 % fiequency of occurrence). The ascomycetes were the most dominant group of fungi collected in this study.Item Distribution of scleractinian corals in Taklong Island, Guimaras for the period December 2001 to January 2002Bodoso, Daniel P. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2002-02)The study of the distribution of scleractinian or hard corals genera was done in Taklong Island, Nueva Valencia, Guimaras from December 2001 to January 2002, employing the line-intercept method. Twenty-one (21) genera were identified within three survey sites with an average coral cover of 33.4% for all the study sites. Forties was the dominant genera and was followed by other massive colonial corals such as Goniastrea, Favites, Pavona, and Platygyra and by the branching genus Acropora.Item A comparison of the gut contents of two Cardinal Fish, Fowleria vaiulae (Jordan & Seale 1906) and Fowleria variegata (Valenciennes 1832) in seagrass beds of Palompon, LeyteBiantan, Lindsay S. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-06)Seagrass ecosystems support much of the Philippines’ coastal marine resources with the presence of a rich diversity of species, including the economically important ones. Understanding the diet composition of fishes through gut content analysis is essential for selecting species for aquaculture. Specimens of Fowleria vaiulae and Fowleria variegata were obtained through a trawl survey in the seagrass beds of Palompon, Leyte from November 2011 to February 2012. A total of 291 guts were analysed in this study. Results showed diet composition of both species is mostly made up of benthic invertebrates. A high percentage of chyme was observed in both species (46-65%), suggesting the consumption of easily digested materials. Also for both Fowleria species, it was observed that smaller size classes consume a higher number of small preys while larger size classes feed on larger preys. Small invertebrates such as tanaids and amphipods were more abundant in the guts of F. vaiulae and large preys of shrimps and crabs dominate the diet of F. variegata. This difference may be due to food partitioning in co-occurring species to avoid competition.Item Abundance, distribution, and composition of macrobenthos in Banate Bay, Iloilo, PhilippinesBernasol, Mylin M. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-06)In order to characterize the macrobenthic community in Banate Bay, quarterly sampling was done from December 2012 to December 2013 in nine (9) stations of the study area. Samples were collected using a hand-held mud corer measuring 0.15m in diameter. Samples were sieved in the field using a 0.5mm mesh, preserving all retained organisms in a plastic container containing 10% buffered formalin with Rose Bengal dye. Two (2) replicate samples per station in June and September 2013 were processed in the laboratory. A total of 38 taxa were sorted and identified with overall mean density of 821 ind/m2. Cluster Analysis using the program COMM grouped species according to their abundances and stations based on their relative location from the shore. T-test for 2 sample means showed that densities in June and September did not differ significantly (p=0.42). ANOVA showed that densities per station did differ significantly (p=0.05). Correlations identified salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and organic matter content to have negative effects on macrobenthos density in the Bay. In spite of low density, diversity particularly of polychaetes appeared to be relatively high. This can be attributed to the intensity and fluctuations of the harsh environment in the Bay still being within limits.Item The community structure of mangroves in Ivisan, CapizBermoy, Gian Carlo A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2004-04)The structure of the mangrove community in Ivisan, Capiz was studied using the transect line plot method with fifteen plots established. This study aims to assess the community structure of mangroves in Barangay Agustin Navarra and Barangay Balaring, Ivisan, Capiz using accepted ecological indicators. Community structure is described in terms of the following parameters: basal area, stems per hectare, relative density, relative frequency, relative dominance, importance value of the species, and the Shannon Index of Diversity. Variations in these parameters are correlated with certain physico-chemical factors such as air and water temperature, soil pH, and water salinity. Little study has been done to document the mangroves in Barangay Agustin Navarra and Barangay Balaring, Ivisan, Capiz. This is the first systematic study done in the area; thus, the present study will provide vital information needed for its proper management. A total of nineteen true mangrove species represented by ten families were identified on Barangay Agustin Navarra and Barangay Balaring, Ivisan, Capiz. The true mangroves consisted of Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinales, Avicennia rumphiana, Bruguiera cylindrica, Bruguiera parviflora, Camptostemon philippinensis, Ceriops decandra, Exoecaria agallocha, Nypa fruticans, Osbornia octodonta, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia alba, Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea, Xylocarpus granatum and Xylocarpus moluccensis. All the species were present in Station 1 except Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea. The species present in Station 2 and in both stations were Avicennia marina, Avicennia rumphiana, Exoecaria agallocha, Osbornia oclodonta, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea, and Sonneratia alba. Avicennia marina has the overall highest relative density of 340 trees per hectare, relative frequency of 22%, relative dominance of 266.655%, and importance value of 628.841%. Seedlings and saplings of Avicennia marina dominate the area indicating that the mangrove community is young and regenerating stand. Barangay Agustin Navarra has the highest index of diversity of 0.87 while Barangay Balaring has an index of diversity of 0.47. The overall index of diversity is 0.674.Item Mangrove community structure survey in Iloilo RiverBayate, Bryna Kimberly L. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2004-04)Mangroves are highly productive forests growing along tropical tidal mudflats and shallow water coastal areas where water is generally brackish. The structure of the mangrove stand in the Iloilo River was studied using the transect line plot method with 55 plots established in the 3 out of 4 stations of the river. Community Structure is described in terms of the following parameters: basal area, stems per hectare, relative density, relative frequency, relative dominance and importance value of the species and the Shannon Index of Diversity. Variations in these parameters are correlated with certain physico-chemical factors- soil and water temperature, soil and water pH, and water salinity.Nineteen(19) true mangrove species were found in the area belonging to 10 families. These include Mysinaceae family represented by Aegiceras corniculatum ; Avicenniaceae family represented by Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis and Avicennia rumphiana; Euphorbiaceae family represented by Excoecaria agallocha; Sterculiaceae family represented by Heritiera littoralis; Combretaceae family represented by Lumnitzera racemosa; Palmae family represented by Nypa fruticans; Rhizophoraceae family represented by Bruguiera cylindrica Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, and Rhizophora stylosa; Sonneratiaceae family represented by Sonneratia alba, Sonneratia caseolaris, and Sonneratia ovata.Ruciaceae family represented by Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea and Meliaceae family represented by Xylocarpus granatum, and Xylocarpus meckongensis. Avicennia officinalis has the highest total basal area of 650.69m2/ha, Avicennia alba, Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis, Avicennia rumphiana, Exoecaria agallocha, Lumnitzera racemosa, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia alba and Xylocarpus moluccensis have equal relative frequency of 0.074. Avicennia marina obtained the highest stems per hectare with a value of 38933.33, relative density of 0.405 relative dominance of 0.332 and importance value of 0.913. The index of diversity is 1.010, indicating that the area is diverse.Item Gonadal maturation Stages of Pinkfingered Vinegar Crab Episesarma chengtongense (Serene and Soh 1967) from Capiz, PhilippinesBarredo, Elilyn Farrah Belle B. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-06)The pink-fingered vinegar crab Episesarma chengtongense is a growing fishery resource in the mangrove areas of the Philippines and may have potential for aquaculture and stock enhancement. To determine the gonadal maturation stages for both male and female for this species, a study was conducted from February to May 2015 of the pink-fingered crab from Capiz, Philippines. The determination of the gonadal maturation stages was based on the gross morphology and histological characteristics of the male and female gonads. In both sexes, gonad activity occurred throughout the study duration but for females, the peak egg bearing month was in May (87%). Body sizes of ovierous females were from 31.9 - 42.3 mm (CW). The greatest prevalence of ovigerous females was in the size range of 35-39 mm CW; the lowest percentage at 40-44 mm CW. Male crabs with mature testes were consistently high (70- 100%) in the four months duration of the study. The smallest female carrying eggs was 31.9 mm CW. Four stages of ovarian maturation were identified namely: developing (Stage II) with a yellow colored gonad, ripe (Stage III) with orange colored gonad, mature (Stage IV) with brown colored gonad and spent (Stage V) with light brown colored gonad. Two stages of male gondal maturation were identified namely immature (Stage I) with translucent to off white testes and mature.(Stage II) with creamy white testes.