UPV Theses and Dissertations

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Comparative development of larval performance of catfish hybrids (Clarias macrocephalus Gunther x Clarias gariepinus Burchell)
Cabanos, Cerrone Salamat (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2003-03)
Our native catfish, Clarias macrocephalus, is one of the most well-accepted fish in the country. With its soft and savory flesh, this species has high demand in local markets. However, due to its relatively slow growth and poor breeding activity, our native catfish has become rarely used nowadays in aquaculture. This led to the introduction of exotic and faster growing species like the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, and Thai catfish, Clarias batrachus, which in turn, resulted to the near extinction of the native species. There is therefore a perceived need to undertake a breeding program involving this native catfish and other exotic species. One potential solution to increase our production rate of the native catfish is to hybridize it with the African catfish. Interspecific hybridization has been a popular breeding program utilized by researchers attempting to produce fish expressing hybrid vigor (positive heterosis) or for combining valuable traits from more than one species. This study is on the characterization of the early developmental stages of fertilized eggs and the comparison of larval performance (in terms of percent fertilization, hatching and larval survival) resulting from the artificial cross of Clarias macrocephalus (native catfish) and Clarias gariepinus (African catfish) and its parental species. In comparing the rates of egg development among crosses (all macrolecithal and discoidal cleavage), it was determined that fertilized eggs of the standard hybrid cross (C. gariepinus male x C. macrocephalus female) have a relatively faster rate of development than those from the reciprocal cross (C. macrocephalus male x C. gariepinus female). Results on determination of larval performance showed that there is no significant difference in percent fertilization and percent survival after 7 days between hybrid and parental crosses. However, in terms of percent hatching, the reciprocal hybrid cross (C macrocephalus male x C. gariepinus female), together with the C. gariepinus x C. gariepinus parental cross had a significantly higher percent hatching (P < 0.01) compared to the standard cross (C. gariepinus male x C. macrocephalus female).
Alcohol use among out-of-school youth in Iloilo City
Cabaluna, Vanessa P.; Eler, Paul Candice Ellen M.; Gazo, Ella Catherine T.; Marla, Mary Ellen J.; Train, Christine Q. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2002-03)
The out-of-school youth, 13-22 years old, appears to have one of the greatest risks for alcohol use. This study was conducted to determine alcohol use among out-of-school youth in the City of Iloilo. The subjects of the study were 150 out-of-school youths, randomly selected from 15 barangays of the 6 districts of Iloilo City. Data for this research was gathered using an interview schedule. Results show that one hundred thirty-one (87.33%) out of 150 out-of-school youth respondents had been initiated to alcoholic drinks. Their mean age at alcohol initiation was 15.81. Majority of these respondents usually drink beer (58.78%), followed by gin (13.74%), and tuba/lambanog (12.22%). Other choices include rum and brandy. Factors that influenced the respondents to drink alcohol included friends (67.94%), relatives (12.98%), father (9.16%). Other factors included personal decision, mass media, and mood/problems. Reasons for drinking alcoholic beverages include celebrations of special occasions (30.53%), leisure (18.32%), curiosity (15.27%), and sense of belongingness (12.98%). Other reasons include peer pressure, personal choice and personal problems. Reasons for not drinking include personal choice (47.37%), health reasons (31.58%), family prohibits (15.79%), and religion prohibits (5.26%). Alcohol use is significantly associated with respondents' sex, involvement in organisations or community activities, smoking, and use of prohibited drugs. There is no significant difference between alcohol use and family drinking status & with whom they are staying.
Mangrove community structure survey in Barangay Guisi and Linayasan, Altavas, Aklan
Bullo, Gliford G. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2004-04)
The mangrove forest is a complex and unique community of medium to large tress, shrubs, vines and palms, oddly thriving with luxuriant growth in the least inviting habitats which have the barest and limited conditions for the growth and survival of higher plant life. This study aims to assess the community structure of mangroves in Barangay Guisi and Linayasan, Altavas, Aklan using accepted ecological indicators. The sampling site, Altavas, Aklan is located at the upper median of Panay Island. There was a total of 15 true mangrove species belonging to the 9 families in the area. The nine families are Family Myrsinaceae represented by Aegiceras corniculatum, Family Avicenniaceae represented by Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis and Avicennia rumphiana; Family Rhizophorceae represented by Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Bruguiera parviflora; Family Bombacaceae represented by Camptostemon phihppensis; Family Rubiaceae represented by Scyphiphora hydrophylaceae; Family Meliaceae represented by Xylocarpus granatum and Family Palmae represented by Nypa fruticans. Avicennia rumphiana has the highest mean basal area of 23.21 (m2/ha), while Xylocarpus granatum had the lowest mean basal area of 0.01 (m2/ha). Avicennia rumphiana has the highest relative density of 57, while Xylocarpus granatum has the lowest relative density with a value of 1. Avicennia rumphiana and Avicennia officinalis had the highest relative frequency of 19.8667 Aegiceras corniculatum, Excoecaria agallocha, Scyphtphora hydrophylaceae and Xylocarpus grunatum on the other hand had the lowest relative frequency of 0.4. Avicennia rumphiana is the dominant species with a relative dominance value of 23.66, and Xylocarpus granatum is the least dominant species with relative dominance value of 0.01. Avicennia rumphiana is the most important species in the area with an importance value of 127.1816, and the least important species, as observed, is Xylocarpus granatum with an importance value of 1.685863. The index of diversity is 0.918655 for the entire area.
Factors that increase the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted diseases among Panay-based male Filipino seafarers: A cross-sectional study on occupational factors, sexual practices and experiences, and knowledge status that increase the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted diseases among male Filipino seafarers undergoing Panay-based training in December 2002
Briones, Kaynor; Donato, Diana Louise; Lim, Natania Jayne; Lopez, Clarissa Linda; Wong, Darlene (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2003-03)
This is a cross-sectional study that aims to determine the association between the presence of sexually transmitted diseases and the occupational factors, sexual practices and experiences, and knowledge status of male Filipino seafarers with sea experience, undergoing Panay-based training during the month of December 2002. Questionnaires were distributed to 236 respondents. The respondents were divided into two main groups: a) seafarers with a history of sexually transmitted diseases, and b) seafarers without a history of sexually transmitted diseases. Results showed that 13.56% of the respondents have history of sexually transmitted diseases. There is a significant relationship between the presence of history of sexually transmitted diseases of the seafarers and the following: their income, department, number of years of sea experience, having sexual encounters in ports, lifetime total number of sex partners in ports, and regular use of protection during sexual encounters with women in ports. However, there is no significant relationship between the presence of history of sexually transmitted diseases of the seafarers and the following: their age of start of sea experience, longest period of stay in a single port, most number of visits in a single port, type of sex partners in ports, and knowledge status. Male seafarers have emerged among the more vulnerable groups to sexually transmitted diseases. As the number of male seafarers in the country increases each year, more attention must be given to their health and welfare.
Mangrove community structure survey in Pedada Bay, Ajuy, Iloilo
Bravo, Mark G. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2004-04)
Mangroves are uniquely tropical, globally occurring and one of the most pervasive coastline ecosystems. They are one of the highly productive and one of the most diverse wetlands on earth. The objective of this study is to assess the community structure of mangroves in Pedada Bay, Ajuy, Iloilo, in particular the species composition and diversity in relation to the physical and chemical factors. Pedada Bay is located in the northern part of Panay Island. The transect line plot method was used to survey the community structure of the mangroves. The floristic composition of Pedada Bay was composed of a total of 18 true mangrove species belonging to 11 families. The true mangroves were Family Avicenniaceae represented by Avicennia marina and A. rumphiana, Family Bombacaceae represented by Camptostemon philippinensis, Family Combretaceae represented by Lumnitzera racemosa, Family Euphorbiaceae represented by Exoecaria agallocha, Family Meliaceae composed of Xylocarpus granatum and X. moluccensis, Family Myrsinaceae composed of Aegiceras corniculatum and A. floridum, Family Myrtaceae represented by Osbornia octodonta, Family Palmae represented by Nypa fruticans, Family Rhizophoraceae composed of Bruguiera cylindrica, Ceriops decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, and R. stylosa, Family Rubiaceae, composed of Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea, and Family Sonneratiaceae, composed of Sonneratia alba. Average basal area for the entire Pedada Bay ranges from 300.564 m2/ha for Sonneratia alba to 0.008 m2/ha for Rhizophora mucronata. Average stems per hectare ranges from 1,988 for Avicennia marina to 5 stems per hectare for Aegiceras corniculatum. Of the three barangays of Pedada Bay, Barangay Pedada had the highest basal area while Barangay Luca had the lowest basal area. Sonneratia alba was the most dominant species in the bay. Avicennia marina was the densest, the most frequently occurring, and the most important species in Pedada Bay. The entire area had a high diversity index of 0.718. A distinct zonation pattern was observed in the area. Seedling density ranges from 1,421 seedlings for Sonneratia alba to 1 seedling for Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea. Sapling density ranges from 166 for Avicennia marina to 1 for Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea.
Identification of intertidal fungi from mangroves in Iloilo River
Bonifacio, Jo F. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2002-04)
This study aims to describe, identify and classify intertidal fungi through direct examination of the collected mangrove wood samples in Iloilo River, Iloilo City, Philippines. This will provide additional information about the occurrence of fungi in estuarine environments. One hundred samples of decayed but attached roots and stems of unidentified mangroves were collected in each of the intertidal zone of the three study sites (Study Site I: Sooc, Oton, Iloilo; Study Site II: Dulonan, Arevalo, Iloilo City; Study Site III: Diversion River, near Marina Restaurant) in Iloilo River. In Study Site 1, The total number of species collected was 11, 4 of which belong to Phylum Ascomycota, 2 belong to Phylum Deuteromycota and 5 belong to Phylum Basidiomycota. In Study Site II, there were 10, 6 belong to Phylum Ascomycota, 3 to Phylum Deuteromycota and 1 to Phylum Basidiomycota and in Study Site III, total number of species was 14, 7 belong to Phylum Ascomycota, 4 to Phylum Deuteromycota and 3 to Phylum Basidiomycota. The total number of species of fungi collected in the three study sites were 20 (8 ascomycetes, 7 basidiomycetes, and 5 deuteromycetes). The frequently occurring fungi (10-29 % fiequency of occurrence) are Eutypa sp. (15.3%), followed by Periconia prolifica (13 %) and Verruculina enalia (10.3%). The remaining 17 species were collected infrequently (<10 % fiequency of occurrence). The ascomycetes were the most dominant group of fungi collected in this study.
Distribution of scleractinian corals in Taklong Island, Guimaras for the period December 2001 to January 2002
Bodoso, Daniel P. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2002-02)
The study of the distribution of scleractinian or hard corals genera was done in Taklong Island, Nueva Valencia, Guimaras from December 2001 to January 2002, employing the line-intercept method. Twenty-one (21) genera were identified within three survey sites with an average coral cover of 33.4% for all the study sites. Forties was the dominant genera and was followed by other massive colonial corals such as Goniastrea, Favites, Pavona, and Platygyra and by the branching genus Acropora.
The community structure of mangroves in Barangay Poblacion and Barangay Pinamuk-an, New Washington, Aklan
Blanco, Florence T. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visaya, 2004-04)
Mangrove ecosystems presently cover an area of about 20 million hectares worldwide. Mangroves grow in environmental settings ranging from highly humid to extremely arid conditions, and in soils which range from pure clays to peat, sand or coral rubble. This study was conducted to assess the community structure of mangroves in Barangay Poblacion and Barangay Pinamuk-an, New Washington, Aklan, using the transect line method of English et al (1995). Specifically, it aimed to determine selected physical and chemical factors such as salinity, pH, temperature for water and soil as well as characterization of substrates; to identify and classify true mangrove species present in the area; to describe the community structure in terms of stand basal area, stems per hectare, relative density, relative frequency, relative dominance, importance value, shannon index of diversity, zonation patterns, seedling and sapling density. No study had been conducted to document the community structure of mangroves in New Washington, Aklan. This study was done to provide these vital information needed for its proper management. Five stations were selected in Barangay Poblacion and Barangay Pinamuk-an, New Washington, Aklan. Twenty-two (22) species of mangroves were identified belonging to nine (9) families: Avicenniaceae -Avicennia alab, A marina, a officinalis, A rumphiana; Bombaceae - Camptostemon philippinensis; Combretaceae - Lumnitzera littorea, L racemosa; Euphorbiaceae - Exoecaria agallocha; Meliaceae - Xylocarpus granatum, X moluccensis; Myrsinaceae - Aegiceras corniculatum; Myrtaceae - Osbornia octodonta; Palmae - Nypa fruticans; Rhizophoraceae - Bruguiera cylindrica, B parviflora, Ceriops decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, R mucronata; Rubiaceae-Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea; Sonneratiaceae -Sonneratia alba, S caseolaris; Sterculiaceae-Herittiera littoralis. The study area had a water salinity of 6 ppt to 25 ppt ; water temperature of 27 °C to 30 °C ; soil temperature 27°C to 29°C ; water pH 2.29 to 7.80; soil pH 6.30 and 7.59. Basal area ranged from 0.008 m2/ha for Bruguiera parviflora to 114 nr/ha for Sonneratia alba The species with the highest average stems per hectare recorded was Avicennia rumphiana with 3320. The species with the highest average density recorded was Avicennia rumphiana with a value of 54.984. The station with the highest density was Station 3 and 4 while Station 1 and 5 had the lowest. Two species had the highest Relative Frequency. Xylocarpus granatum and Sonneratia alba were in all stations with 100% occurrence. From the 22 true mangrove species recorded, Avicennia rumphiana had the highest relative dominance of 462.30; the least was Bruguiera parviflora (0.06). The most important species was Avicennia rumphiana (118.51) while the least was Sonneratia caseolaris (1.23). The area is considered to be highly diverse at 0.7835. While on a per plot basis, Station 5 had the highest at 0.9439 while least at Station 1 with 0.5709 Index of Diversity.
The community structure of mangroves in Ivisan, Capiz
Bermoy, Gian Carlo A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2004-04)
The structure of the mangrove community in Ivisan, Capiz was studied using the transect line plot method with fifteen plots established. This study aims to assess the community structure of mangroves in Barangay Agustin Navarra and Barangay Balaring, Ivisan, Capiz using accepted ecological indicators. Community structure is described in terms of the following parameters: basal area, stems per hectare, relative density, relative frequency, relative dominance, importance value of the species, and the Shannon Index of Diversity. Variations in these parameters are correlated with certain physico-chemical factors such as air and water temperature, soil pH, and water salinity. Little study has been done to document the mangroves in Barangay Agustin Navarra and Barangay Balaring, Ivisan, Capiz. This is the first systematic study done in the area; thus, the present study will provide vital information needed for its proper management. A total of nineteen true mangrove species represented by ten families were identified on Barangay Agustin Navarra and Barangay Balaring, Ivisan, Capiz. The true mangroves consisted of Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinales, Avicennia rumphiana, Bruguiera cylindrica, Bruguiera parviflora, Camptostemon philippinensis, Ceriops decandra, Exoecaria agallocha, Nypa fruticans, Osbornia octodonta, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia alba, Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea, Xylocarpus granatum and Xylocarpus moluccensis. All the species were present in Station 1 except Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea. The species present in Station 2 and in both stations were Avicennia marina, Avicennia rumphiana, Exoecaria agallocha, Osbornia oclodonta, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea, and Sonneratia alba. Avicennia marina has the overall highest relative density of 340 trees per hectare, relative frequency of 22%, relative dominance of 266.655%, and importance value of 628.841%. Seedlings and saplings of Avicennia marina dominate the area indicating that the mangrove community is young and regenerating stand. Barangay Agustin Navarra has the highest index of diversity of 0.87 while Barangay Balaring has an index of diversity of 0.47. The overall index of diversity is 0.674.
A preliminary investigation on the antimicrobial activity of Luffa cylindrica (Patola) leaf extract
Benjamin, Paulette E. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2002-04)
Four concentrations were prepared (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%) from the Patola (Luffa cylindrical) leaf extract. Positive and negative controls were made in order to have a basis for comparison with the other four Patola leaf extract concentrations. Negative controls were purely sterilized distilled water, while the positive controls used were Amoxicillin for bacteria and Mycostatin for Candida albicans. The effectiviness of these concentrations was tested on the growth of the five selected microorganisms, namely: Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, C. albicans and Microsporum canis. M. canis did not exhibit any growth and had no significant difference. Patola was found to inhibit the growth of S. aureus, S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus at 100% concentration. Patola leaf concentration of 75% weakly inhibited the growth of S. epidermidis and S. aureus. Concentrations of 50%, and 25% showed negative inhibitory activity. Candida albicans in all four concentrations showed negative inhibitory activities. The minimum inhibitory activity that was able to inhibit bacterial growth was at 75% leaf extract concentration.

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