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UPV Theses and Dissertations

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2005 - 20104

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Committee Chair: search.filters.chair.Katalbas, Ma. Severa FeSDG: search.filters.sdg.SDG 6 - Clean water and sanitation

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    Gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity and heavy metal concentration profiles of well water of the Calahunan dump site, Mandurriao, Iloilo City
    Amarante, Hena Charma; Basquez, Mark Anthony; Brunio, Christian Allan; Dable, Nesel; De la Pena, Pamela-Di; Genterola, Janis; Oredina, Josette Marie; Padayhag, Dave (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2005-03)
    The study aimed to establish presence of radioactivity and concentration of heavy metals specifically lead and chromium in drinking water from wells within one-kilometer radius from the approximated center of the Calahunan dump site. Results showed that four out of twelve wells have positive results fro gross alpha activity and gross beta activity: wells 2A, 2C, 3A, and 3D. Well 2A, 2C and 3D registered alpha activities of 0.54, 0.033 and 0.369 Bq/L respectively while Well 3A registered beta activity of 1.0 Bq/L. Wells 2A and 3D exceeded the radiological limits set by WHO and PNSDW of 0.1 Bq/L for alpha activity and 1.0 Bq/L for beta activity. These wells that are found adjacent to the perimeter fence of the dump site registered alpha activity (wells 2A, 2C and 3D) and beta activity (well 3A). Radiological activities in all other wells sampled registered less than lower limit of detection. For gamma activity, all wells recorded 137- Cs and 134-Cs activity less than the lower limit of detection. For chromium and lead concentration using FAAS, only well 3C has a chromium concentration of 0.0952 ppm and this exceeded the PNSDW standard for chromium in drinking water (0.05 ppm) FAAS has not recorded any value for lead. For chemical constituent analysis using XRF, two wells in zone 1 (LA and IC), have recorded lead concentration of 0.9 and 0.136 ppm, respectively. In zone two, only well 2D registered a lead concentration of 0.248 ppm. In zone 3, well 3C registered a lead concentration of 0.397 ppm. For chromium concentration, only well 2A in zone 2 has a chromium concentration of 1.79 ppm. The spot interview and ocular inspection found out that the following garbage are disposed of indiscriminately tn the dump site: (1) Television picture tubes, (2) Dysfunctional Computer Monitors, (3) Used syringes and needles, (4) Hospital wastes, (5) Automobile batteries and dry cells, (6) scrap iron, tin cans, paint cans, paint cans, etc., (7) polyethylene bottle, glass bottles, and containers of similar types, and (8) other organic and inorganic wastes. Wells whose values for gross alpha, lead, and chromium concentration exceeded the standard are unsuitable for dinking and other domestic uses. The observation that wells (2A and 3D) near the Calahunan dump site registered higher-than-standard alpha activity may be a good basis to conduct further research particularly on the effect of leachate from dump site.
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    Physico-chemical analysis and assessment of river waters discharged by sugar milling companies in Negros Occidental
    Alger, Niña Xiamima A.; Arinzol, Shaira S.; Bobon, Steve Paolo P.; Daquilanea, Mikkaela C.; de Leon, Sarah C.; Hilado, Paolo C.; Lastica, Ariel C.; Manderico, Regine Viel D. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2010-03)
    This cross-sectional study was focused on the river waters discharged by six sugar milling companies in Negros Occidental. These companies utilize river water in order to operate and may alter the characteristics of the waters. This study aims to analyze and assess the physical characteristics, namely pH, oil and grease, temperature, salinity, turbidity, and color, and the chemical characteristics, namely biological oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia, phosphorus, and lead content, of these waters in order to identify the alterations upon its usage, detect abnormal characteristics, and eventually determine possible environmental and health hazards. Three samplings were done for each river’s downstream and upstream portions. The following tests and instruments were performed and were used on the samples: pH Meter for pH, DO Meter for DO, Wrinkler’s Test for BOD, PE Ascorbic Acid Test for phosphorus, Spectrophotometry for turbidity, Phenate Test for Ammonia, Hand Refractometer for salinity, Visual Comparison for color, Digital Thermometer for temperature, Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry for lead content, and Petroleum Ether Extraction Method for oil and grease. It was discovered most of the discharged river waters apparently had decreased pH and DO and increased BOD, temperature, salinity, ammonia, phosphorus, turbidity, and oil and grease content. Lead was detected on the all of the downstream portions. The pH and DO of most of the discharged river waters were ostensibly below the acceptable values while the oil and grease, ammonia, phosphorus, salinity, and lead content were above the acceptable ones. Temperature, color, and turbidity were the only parameters which fell within the acceptable values. Therefore, there can seemingly be environmental and health hazards posed on the residents living downstream since they are having direct or indirect contact with the contaminated or polluted water. It is recommended that laws should be made with regards to how the residents use the water and that the implementation of existing laws should be strengthened. Lastly, it is strongly advised that the DENR should increase the number of parameters analyzed during their regular monitoring, that the SMCs should improve the treatment of the waters, and that the effects of farmlands and communities on the river should be identified.
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    Microbiological water analysis of selected point sources in Iloilo City
    Alama, Jannie Mae G.; Calitis, Ma. Socorro Fatima P.; Cervantes, Ria Angela E.; Garcia, Marian Aisa C.; Otico, Pelita A.; Pacheco, Donna Ginn G.; Taquiso, Jezreel l. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2006-04)
    The recreational use of the Iloilo River according to the Iloilo River Master Plan entails various studies to support it being safe for swimming and other activities. The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Region VI has done very few studies to determine this particular aspect of the Iloilo River. Thus, the present study was conducted to determine the bacteriologic content of water in selected point sources in Iloilo River, Iloilo City and the possible correlations to the incidence of health risks. Specifically the study aims to: (1) determine significant differences in the physico-chemical characteristics of water samples from each point source; (2) to determine the total and fecal coliform counts number for each water sample from the selected point sources; (2) detect the presence or absence of E. coli, Salmonella spp., and culturable Vibrios in water in selected point sources; (3) describe the incidence of health risks; and (4) correlate the heterotrophic plate count for total coliforms, Most Probable Number for Fecal Coliforms and the number of symptomatic respondents. The results of the study showed that the total coliform count for Point source A (HPC=6000/l00 ml) is higher compared to the standard set by the DENR (5000/100 ml) while Point source B and C are within the range. The concentrations of E. coli, in water samples A, B, and C (2400 MPN/100 ml sample) were found to be higher than the DENR standard for fecal coliforms for Class C Waters - fresh water, (200 MPN/lOOml sample). Although results indicate that the river water has high fecal contamination, there were no significant correlations between heterotrophic plate counts, Most Probable Number for Fecal Coliforms and the number of symptomatic respondents for each point source.
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    Antibiotic resistance patterns of selected pathogenic bacteria isolated from water and bottom sediments in the Iloilo tidal inlet (Iloilo River)
    Agustin, Eda Mae S.; Cabrias, Ligaya April May S.; Fuentebella, Elaine Joyce V.; Gestuveo, Rommel J.; Lagon, Raymond Anthonn Kriztee J.; Saldajeno, Cypruz Anne L.; Tunguia, Saer Martin J.; Villanueva, Regene Patricia Natividad V. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2010-03)
    In recent years, antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria has become a public health concern. Although little is known of its environmental implications the presence of both potentially pathogenic bacteria and fecal coliform in rivers and other bodies of water raises the question of whether resistance transfer may actually occur in bodies of water. In relation, the Iloilo River for one has experienced changes in both ecological and sanitary conditions. With this threatening problem of both ecological and fecal pollution, the river could harbor microflora that could be of public health concern. Using the Kirby-Bauer Method, this study generally aims to determine the antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolates (E. coli, S. typhi and V. cholerae) from water and bottom sediment samples from selected sampling areas in Iloilo River, Iloilo City. Stock cultures of bacterial isolates were obtained from the UPV-National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (UPV-NIMBB) and were subjected to antibiotic resistance analysis using 12 different antibiotic classes. Results showed varying degrees of resistance in all of the sampling sites and species. Most isolates were highly resistant to penicillin and oxacillin and least resistant to ciprofloxacin. Multidrug-resistant isolates were also observed in all of the sampling sites and species. More isolates from bottom sediments were observed to be highly resistant than the isolates from water samples. Pearson correlation revealed that the antibiotic resistance patterns among the different species isolated from the different sources and sampling sites appeared to vary in a systematic manner indicative of a similar mechanism of antibiotic resistance development.