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UPV Theses and Dissertations

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14583/10

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Committee Chair: search.filters.chair.Guilaran, Johnrev B.Degree: search.filters.degree.Bachelor of Arts in Political Science

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    Pag-amlig kang dunang manggad: An analysis of the protected area management practices in the Northwest Panay Peninsula Natural Park (NPPNP)
    Biadora, Edison N., Jr.; Elizada, Glenn Cymark E.; Laging, Stewart E.; Salgado, Cielo (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2023-07)
    There is growing evidence that despite the government's efforts to preserve and conserve the Philippines' forests through implementing the Protected Areas (PA) System, threats to natural resources continue to rise. There is also a continued decline in the number of endangered species. There is thus a disconnect between efforts in establishing PAs and the increasing biodiversity loss, prompting government implementers, scholars, and NGOs to rethink and reevaluate their efforts against these threats. Our study investigated the case of the Northwest Panay Peninsula Natural Park (NPPNP) to identify and analyze the preservation and conservation strategies implemented by institutional and non-institutional actors and assess their effectiveness in response to the emergence of human-induced threats. To achieve these objectives, the researchers utilized an adapted METT-4 questionnaire supplemented by key informant interviews (KIIs), focus group discussions (FGDs), and document analysis to analyze the overall effectiveness of PA management. Data from management institutions and other organizations was utilized to scrutinize the emergence of human- induced threats vis-a-vis conservation and preservation strategies. Our study revealed that preservation and conservation measures employed by institutional and non- institutional actors do not translate to a reduction of human-induced threats in NPPNP. The overall result further implies that the NPPNP is currently targeted for the exploitation of natural resources for commercialization purposes.
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    #Communitypantry: Perceived impact of online public opinion on government policy amongst college students and local government officials of Iloilo City
    Bernal, Xyrille Joy P.; Socias, Pearl Rylene Mae S. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2022-06)
    Public opinion, accommodated through public policies, is a precondition to democracy. This study aimed to determine the perceptions of college students and local government officials concerning the impact of public opinion and online activism on Iloilo City’s COVID 19 pandemic responses, specifically on community pantries. It probes how public opinion expressed through the social media trending topic of community pantries shaped local government responses. A descriptive design was employed to determine the perceptions of the college students (n=108) and local government officials (n=3). Hybrid quantitative-qualitative research approach was used thorough survey, interview data and online archives (i.e.., social media postings and news reports). Major findings include: college students perceive moderate effectiveness of public opinion in influencing government policies but depict overall low Twitter outputs; local government officials perceive public opinion as essential in governance but not as important as directives from the national government; and the city's local government officials have reservations about social media-conveyed public opinion’s direct effect on pandemic-related policies. Employing the Normative Framework of Democratic Theory that deals with the foundations of democracy, democratic institutions, and policy deliberation processes, the theory explained how respondents & key informants varied in their perception of social media as a tool for public policies.
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    Navigating the redevelopment dilemma: The impact of Iloilo City central and super market rehabilitation project on ambulant vendors from rural areas
    Bermil, Dannah Veronica M.; Magbanua, Gwyne Winnah B. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2024-06)
    This study examines the marginalization of ambulant vendors in Iloilo City's Super and Central markets during ongoing public-private partnership (PPP)-driven market rehabilitation projects. It explores factors influencing vendors' experiences and perceptions, focusing on the impact of PPP projects and the city government's response to their needs and participation in consultations. Employing a cross-sectional and exploratory approach, it used data from interviews from ambulant vendors and key informants and utilized purposive sampling and thematic analysis. Findings point to challenges encountered during redevelopment, such as sales decline and exclusion from decision-making processes. Ambulant vendors respond by diversifying products, yet they confront negative perceptions and insufficient support. Recommendations include advocating for fair operating conditions and city government assistance to ensure sustainable livelihoods. Drawing upon Urban Politics Theory and Resource Dependency Theory, the study underscores systematic marginalization and emphasizes the necessity of inclusive decision-making mechanisms to empower ambulant vendors within urban governance structures. Recognizing their agency and advocating for their rights can catalyze equitable urban development, benefiting all stakeholders. This research offers valuable insights into the intricate dynamics of urban development and the marginalized role of ambulant vendors, urging policymakers to prioritize their inclusion in future planning initiatives.
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    Political barter: A study of Makati City's emergency cash relief program and its link to local government legitimacy and incumbent electoral support
    Bedonia, Roberto S., III (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2022-06)
    Makati City ramped its pandemic response by implementing its own “Maka-Tulong 5K” cash assistance to its citizens. Although there are extant studies on the political dimension of cash assistance, the proliferation of this one-time provision merits further understanding. The research looked at the relationship between the benefeciaries’ perceived effects of the assistance and their local government’s legitimacy. It also examined the link between assistance received and prospective vote for the incumbent mayor in the 2022 elections. Using a descriptive research design and employing a structured questionnaire to the Slovin-sampled population (n=100) of citizenbeneficiaries, it is argued that positive perceived effects also confer high levels of local government legitimacy. However, facilitation of legitimacy by the assistance received is only at a moderate level as driven by the proximity of the cash effects with respondents’ needs. Moreover, the cash assistance could only potentially deliver incumbent votes. These results and findings were consolidated under ‘the system’s justification theory’ proposing that respondents had the motivation to provide legitimacy due mainly to the Makati government’s well-regarded pandemic response but such legitimation was regulated by the interface of situational-dispositional contextual factors.
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    Impacts of DOH-led policy shifts on health workers and Iloilo public hospitals' management at the time of COVID-19
    Bauso, Christopher Mark C.; Dayata, Audrey Eurielle G.; Niñeza, Tristan L.; Zaldarriaga, Trisha I. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2023-07)
    This study explored the actual policy shifts in public hospitals in Iloilo Province during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic, from January to June 2020. The study looked into how the implementation of the DOH-crafted policies impacted healthcare delivery, the health workforce, and response to the care-seeking behavior of the patients. Key informant interviews (KII) and semi-structured interviews were employed among the hospital management and the frontline workers of Rep. Pedro G. Trono Memorial Hospital and DOH-retained Western Visayas Sanitarium and General Hospital to gather data for the study. The KJI were participated in by the hospital chiefs and the IPC heads. Meanwhile, doctors, nurses, medical technologists, admitting clerks, and non-medical health workers were respondents of semi-structured interviews to determine the impacts of the new policies. Conforming to the available literature on pandemic response, this study revealed that optimal conditions were not readily achieved in the public hospitals under this study, mainly due to lack of resources to materialize the DOH-mandated changes. The policies were not fit to the current structure and service capacity of the hospitals and health workers carried the burden of ensuring adequate delivery of care. We discovered that health workers were exhaustively working despite the lack of government support in terms of benefits, compensation, and hazard pays. Furthermore, health workers encountered difficulties in rendering immediate care to patients who initially avoided hospital care resulting in an increased number of recorded ER deaths. Overall, we observed that the hospitals were able to keep up with the policy shifts through exploring feasible alternatives. However, DOH-retained institutions garner more favorable outcomes than public district hospitals since resources were directly transferred to them from the DOH Regional Office. Crafting context-specific policies addressing public health crises is recommended following the results of this study.
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    A comparative study on the implementation of social amelioration program under Bayanihan 1 and 2 in Iloilo City and Davao City, Philippines
    Ayag, Edgar Maverick C., II; Basilan, Glyngie Erika S. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2022-06)
    To address the economic problems posed by the pandemic, the Philippine government institutionalized two Bayanihan laws to issue cash assistance to the affected families through the Social Amelioration Program (SAP). This study outlined the similarities and differences in the SAP implementation under Bayanihan 1 and 2 of Iloilo City and Davao City through a descriptive research design, particularly their beneficiary selection and accountability efforts. The results of this study suggest divergences in the actors involved and their roles in the implementation, the approaches and behaviors of the city mayors, and the numerous changes in the guidelines set by the national government caused such similarities and differences. Inadequate budget forwarded by the national government produced gaps in personnel complement to cover beneficiary selection and accountability efforts, which were filled up by local government resources. The results of the study are consistent with the claim of the Institutionalist Theory of Public Policy that the actors involved in the institutions, as well as their roles and arrangements, dictate the outcomes of policies. In addition, they are also consistent with the claim of the Rational Choice Theory that actors in the policy arena try to maximize their utility to achieve their goals.
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    Exploring gendered experiences and job satisfaction of female public lawyers in Iloilo
    Balagosa, Andrea Marie D.; De la Cruz, Kish S.; Delen, Julie-Ann G.; Estocapio, Sharen Ilyich G. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2023-07)
    Females are now well-represented in the traditionally male-dominated field of the legal profession. However, in the Philippines, gender discrimination, such as inequality in hierarchical positions and work assignments, still prevails in the legal field. In addition, the multiple burdens females face hinders them from finding effective work-life balance and affect the general well-being of female public lawyers. Hence, this study aimed to explore female public lawyers' experiences and challenges that affect their job satisfaction. The study also examined the Public Attorney's Office (PAO) policies and practices to ensure gender equity in the workplace. The researchers utilized a descriptive research design and a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods to gather in-depth insights and provide a more comprehensive analysis. The research participants were selected through Purposive Sampling and were composed of female public lawyers working in Iloilo. The study revealed that female lawyers in PAO believe they neither experience any form of gender discrimination nor maltreatment in the office. However, the study results also indicate that patriarchal structures and views still abound in their workplaces which contribute to overall job satisfaction, along with multiple burdens, and socio-demographic variations. The researchers recommend that the PAO take further action regarding its institutional efforts to employ a more gendersensitive and inclusive approach to ensuring a healthy working dynamic and environment.