UPV Theses and Dissertations
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Item The nature of communication and relationship between migrant parents and left-behind childrenCabigunda, Gael J.; Corpus, Hazel Jade L. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-05)This study is qualitative in nature which sought to describe the nature of communication between migrant parents and left-behind children and to describe how their communication influenced their relationship and the balance of the family unit despite the physical separation and the distance. The family system’s theory was used as a framework in this study, to better explain the nature of communication and the relationship between migrant parents and left-behind children among transnational families. Twenty-two (22) left-behind children were conveniently sampled to participate in focus group discussions conducted by the researchers. Experiences of left-behind children on migration were captured through the use of an interview guide which included questions pertaining to: (1) the methods used in communication, (2) the problems encountered in communication, (3) the content of the communication and (4) the parent-child relationship. Data was then analysed using thematic analysis. Results showed that the nature of communication and relationship between migrant parents and left-behind children are dependent on: the characteristics of the parent and the child, the methods used in communication, the existing relationship before migration occurred, and the guardian’s role in the triangle relationship. In conclusion, the frequency of communication served as an affirmation of the existing relationship between parent and child. Furthermore, when the parent and child have an open relationship they enjoy a better quality of communication. Communication was also used by parent and child to fulfil their roles and affirm their membership in the family despite physical separation and the distance.Item Comparative analysis of the best practices in ecosystem-based watershed planning and management in the Philippines and CanadaCabios, John Paul G.; Untaran, Paul Joseph N. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-06)The Philippines is one of the many examples of a developing state vulnerable to natural disaster that erodes soil and water quality. With the continuous evolution of watershed management practices and the growing importance of climate change mitigation, there is a need to reassess the structure, function, and policy approach of the different stakeholders. And due to climate change and anthropogenic impacts, the environment especially watershed and agricultural farms in Canada are greatly affected. Because of this, there is a need to create environmental management practices to mitigate and minimize the effects of climate change and human interventions. The objectives of this paper is (1) to provide an analysis of the best watershed management practices in Canada and Philippines, (2) to identify governance structures and inter-governmental coordination, and (3) to determine planning approaches and community and stakeholder engagement. This paper will discuss generic models of governance in environmental policy and the different approaches to water management in both countries. This paper will also compare the differences between the models and approaches used in the two countries. And lastly, this paper will evaluate the use of watershed management practices in Canada and Philippines in order to find out the most compatible and reliable method or approach of watershed management.Item Urbanization and other factors affecting crime: An empirical analysis for the Philippines (1980-2012)Cabangal, Jaifreed; Año, Joselito Z., Jr. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-06)The world regards crime as a function dependent on the performance of law enforcement. International statistics focuses on the quality and quantity of law enforcement to prevent or lessen crime. Earlier studies on the economics of crime also focus on prevention of recidivism through the use of penalties and sentences. Recently, studies on identifying the relationship of macroeconomic data and crime are becoming popular. In the Pliilippines, academics and public officials acknowledge the effect of macroeconomic factors such as urbanization, poverty, inflation, national income, and unemployment to criminal activities in the country. This study focuses on the identification of the aforementioned factors that have significant long run relationship with crime. Moreover, the study also took into account police visibility as a factor to be tested because it is stated in one of the older studies regarding the economics of crime. Statistically, macroeconomic data are difficult to regress directly because of its nonstationarity. In lieu of this problem, Johansen cointegration is used for the analysis for it specializes on variables that are nonstationary at level form but stationary at first level. Most of the data are taken from the national body governing the statistics of the country and World Bank. There are two models that are tested. The first model is the cointegration of crime as the exogenous variable with urban population growth, inflation, unemployment, and national income to represent urbanization in the Philippines. The second model took into account crime, inflation, secondary and tertiary education enrollment rate, police visibility, national income, and unemployment as a consolidated model to represent the opportunity cost in engaging in criminal activities. The results shown that in the first model, all variables of urbanization have long run relationship with crime except for national income. On the other hand, the second model’s result showed that all variables that represent opportunity cost have long run relationship with crime except national income and tertiary education enrollment.Item Economic valuation of seagrasses in Nueva Valencia, Guimaras: A contingent valuation studyBundal, Kristine Shiela Mae B.; Taperla, Roald Ray B. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-06)This study assessed the willingness of the residents of Guimbal, Iloilo, to pay for the conservation of seagrasses in Nueva Valencia, Guimaras. The study was conducted to find solutions to the problem of growing seagrass decline in the area. The lack of necessary policies or programs and conservation financing, that would protect and improve the integrity of the resource are putting a lot of pressure not only on the associate resources, but also on the livelihood of the people who are dependent on the resource. The contingent valuation method (CVM) was used to elicit people’s willingness-to-pay to contribute to a conservation trust fund for the protection and improvement of the state of the estimated 20- hectare area of seagrasses in Barangay Tando. It has been under serious threats of rapid decline ever since the occurrence of the 2006 M/T Solar-1 oil spill, which also affected the area. The study found out that 89.32% of the respondents would be willing to pay to support the conservation of the seagrass ecosystem. The study also found out that the primary motivation behind the willingness-to-pay of the respondents was their concern for the benefit of future generations. In addition, based on the people’s WTP, an estimated amount of PHP 900,917.64 could be raised annually to fund or support the conservation of the seagrasses and its associate resources in Barangay Tando. Given this potential source of revenue, the residents preferred a payment collection scheme through additional taxes on property or utility bills like electricity bill. Furthermore, this study reveals pertinent socioeconomic and conservation financing implications that need to be considered in managing seagrass resources.Item The economic cost of motorcycle accidents in Iloilo CityBrodit, Vyel Marie C.; Maghopoy, John Martin F. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-06)The increasing number of motorcycle accidents in the Philippines is a serious concern. Every accident involves costs, especially among the people involved. Using the Human Capital Approach, this study estimated the cost of motorcycle accidents in Iloilo City, focusing on the cost incurred by those involved in the accident, including the motorist, the passenger of the motorist, the driver of the other vehicle, and the pedestrian. Costs were also estimated according to the severity of the injury. Cost data were collected from 101 study participants who were involved in 92 separate motorcycle accidents in Iloilo City in 2015. The costs estimated include medical costs, productivity loss, property damages, accident settlement, other costs, and pain and suffering. Results show that the total cost of the motorcycle accident was P82,507,768.25 or P26,377.16 per accident victim. The motorists incurred the largest cost at P36,897.51 per victim and the passengers incurred the least cost at P 6,910.93 per victim. The medical expenses comprised 46 percent of the total cost, highlighting how motorcycle accidents pose a grave threat to health and to the household economy. Seriously injured victims incurred P170,594.98 per accident, while victims with minor injuries incurred P 9,002.29 per accident. The study recommends for: 1) strict enforcement of road safety and traffic rules and regulation; 2) identification of areas where motorcycle accidents are common and studying the physical layout of the area that could have contributed to the accidents; 3) studying the factors contributing to motorcycle accidents; 4) including the cost of motorcycle accidents on society in future similar studies; and 5) the estimation of the optimal number of motorcycles on the road, which could guide traffic program design.Item Children's perception on the gender role content of Philippine television programsBrillo, Kharla Mae D.; Cruzada, Felecyl Joy P. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2014-03)This study aimed to find out the gender role portrayals in Philippine television programs. The narratives of elementary students regarding their perceptions of two primetime shows, Honesto and Got To Believe were analyzed. The sample consisted of twenty-one (21) respondents that have passed the criteria prior to the interview. The analysis revealed that male characters are perceived to be capable of acquiring a higher level of education and occupation; are generally richer; engage in physically demanding activities; usually care less of how they look and are socially inhibited. Conversely, female characters are perceived to engage in domestic chores; particularly lighter activities; are more creative; are more sociable; are commonly concerned of their physical appearance; and are often victims of maltreatment.Item Perceptions of poverty and life aspirations of children from low-income familiesBordon, Aika Mae G. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-06)This study examined the perceptions of poverty of children from low-income families, their life aspirations and their beliefs of attaining these, and the relationship between these variables. Structured interviews and surveys were conducted among 40 children from low-income families, aged 11-14 years old, from four barangays in Miagao, Iloilo. The findings show that children’s perceptions of poverty are generally based on their experiences of destitution. Respondents have attributed poverty to individualistic and structural factors. Children have valued economic gains, family, and community in their aspirations. Respondents have also placed greater value on intrinsic aspirations. Moreover, they believed that education, employment, positive attitude and reliance on God are pre-requisites in the attainment of aspirations. Children also believed that they are more likely to achieve intrinsic goals than extrinsic ones. Regression analysis revealed that structural causes of poverty predicted their life aspirations. Familial consequences of poverty, together with perceived structural causes, predicted children’s beliefs of attaining their life aspirations.Item Conservation values of selected Bacolod City High School students for coral reefs in Sagay Marine Reserve, Negros OccidentalBocario, Sydney B.; Togonon, Celina C. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-06)Most studies on economic valuation take household heads as respondents since they earn money for the family and usually make most of the decisions. Other sectors of the society, especially the students or members of the youth, are rarely involved in these kinds of studies. Contrary to popular practices, this study considered the youth, particularly high school students, as the respondents of the survey. Through stratified and systematic random sampling, 400 respondents were chosen from five public high schools. Data was gathered from 80 students per school through a group administered survey. A protocol for a group-administered survey was constructed in order to ensure that data is collected in an unbiased, organized and systematic way. The willingness-to-pay of students in public high schools in Bacolod City for the conservation of the coral reefs in Sagay Marine Reserve (SMR) amounted to Php 3,156,894.02, per month. The selected mode of payment was through student government collection. The top reasons for their decision to pay were because of existence values, altruistic motive, and bequest value. Some of them were not willing to pay because they lacked funds, they did not trust the government, and/or they believe that the residents in coastal areas were the main reason why the resource is depleting. The factors that affected the students’ willingness-to-pay were price bid, household size, monthly income and perceived importance. This study found that high school students can contribute resources either in money or in-kind, and in fact the monetary WTP was within their capacity and cash received. This study may be significant to the youth by amplifying their roles in the conservation of natural resources. The methods employed in this study may also benefit future researchers and policy implementers.Item Issues of multi-actor collaboration in the fisheries sector: Localization of post-Yolanda rehabilitation frameworks in Roxas City, CapizBisan, Flora May D. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-05)As a calamity without peer, typhoon Yolanda can be perceived as an event that brought about a challenging political landscape for Northern Panay communities. The extent of the damage incurred from the typhoon in 2013 stimulated large-scale rehabilitation activities from multiple actors which entailed two things: first is the evolution of the functions of government agencies for the fisheries sector and second is the introduction of non-government actors in the playing field. Local Government Units and civil society organizations are important political institutions because of their direct contact with the community making them the immediate responders during emergencies. However, Yolanda tends to unmake these political institutions as they face challenges with resources and program skills in fulfilling their mandates for rehabilitation. Using available secondary data, key informant interviews and focus group discussion, the study examines how the post — Yolanda Rehabilitation Frameworks are localized by these actors in carrying out their rehabilitation programs to restore the livelihoods of the affected individuals in the fisheries sector in Roxas City, Capiz. The study analyzes localization by examining the changes in the roles of government agencies on the fisheries sector and by looking into the extent of collaboration of multiple actors involved in rehabilitation through an integrated theoretical framework based on the Structural - Functional Theory by Talcott Parsons (1961) and the Levels of Community Linkage Model developed by Teresa Hogue (1993). This study provides a picture on how rehabilitation after Yolanda is presently being carried out by both the government and non-government actors which has critical implications for the recovery of client fishers.Item A comparative study on intervention policies anitiatives against human trafficking for sex in Iloilo City and Boracay, Malay, AklanBerano, Erlie R.; Bolinas, Nicollete A. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-06)Human trafficking is considered as one of the most rampant and pervasive crime because of its transnational nature. The increasing statistics of human trafficking cases is alarming thus the call for a more stable and strong intervention policies and initiatives against human trafficking. Our study pondered on the existing intervention policies and initiatives against human trafficking focusing on sexual exploitation. The main argument of this study rests on the following questions. First, what are the existing intervention policies and initiatives against human trafficking for sex. Second, on whether and how identified challenges such as victim identification, public awareness and underground transactions affect the implementation of the policies and programs. And lastly, how is the level of community participation despite the presence of existing challenges. The researchers employed a Process Theory Integration that entails to merge different theories from different discipline in order to interpret the data gathered. The different theories used by the researchers are Economic Theory to explain the presence of underground transactions Prospect theory to give details on public awareness and Consent Theory to elucidate on the topic of victim identification. Data gathering in this study ranged from the use of secondary data, community profiling, key informant interviews and participant observation. The observed findings show that the implementation of the existing policies and programs against human trafficking are greatly affected by the identified challenges. Furthermore, there is low level of conununity participation however the citizens are willing to help in tire implementation process. The actors that are involved in combating human trafficking should review the policies for possible loopholes and strictly implement the ordinances and programs