UPV Theses and Dissertations
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Item Urbanization and other factors affecting crime: An empirical analysis for the Philippines (1980-2012)Cabangal, Jaifreed; Año, Joselito Z., Jr. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-06)The world regards crime as a function dependent on the performance of law enforcement. International statistics focuses on the quality and quantity of law enforcement to prevent or lessen crime. Earlier studies on the economics of crime also focus on prevention of recidivism through the use of penalties and sentences. Recently, studies on identifying the relationship of macroeconomic data and crime are becoming popular. In the Pliilippines, academics and public officials acknowledge the effect of macroeconomic factors such as urbanization, poverty, inflation, national income, and unemployment to criminal activities in the country. This study focuses on the identification of the aforementioned factors that have significant long run relationship with crime. Moreover, the study also took into account police visibility as a factor to be tested because it is stated in one of the older studies regarding the economics of crime. Statistically, macroeconomic data are difficult to regress directly because of its nonstationarity. In lieu of this problem, Johansen cointegration is used for the analysis for it specializes on variables that are nonstationary at level form but stationary at first level. Most of the data are taken from the national body governing the statistics of the country and World Bank. There are two models that are tested. The first model is the cointegration of crime as the exogenous variable with urban population growth, inflation, unemployment, and national income to represent urbanization in the Philippines. The second model took into account crime, inflation, secondary and tertiary education enrollment rate, police visibility, national income, and unemployment as a consolidated model to represent the opportunity cost in engaging in criminal activities. The results shown that in the first model, all variables of urbanization have long run relationship with crime except for national income. On the other hand, the second model’s result showed that all variables that represent opportunity cost have long run relationship with crime except national income and tertiary education enrollment.Item The economic cost of motorcycle accidents in Iloilo CityBrodit, Vyel Marie C.; Maghopoy, John Martin F. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-06)The increasing number of motorcycle accidents in the Philippines is a serious concern. Every accident involves costs, especially among the people involved. Using the Human Capital Approach, this study estimated the cost of motorcycle accidents in Iloilo City, focusing on the cost incurred by those involved in the accident, including the motorist, the passenger of the motorist, the driver of the other vehicle, and the pedestrian. Costs were also estimated according to the severity of the injury. Cost data were collected from 101 study participants who were involved in 92 separate motorcycle accidents in Iloilo City in 2015. The costs estimated include medical costs, productivity loss, property damages, accident settlement, other costs, and pain and suffering. Results show that the total cost of the motorcycle accident was P82,507,768.25 or P26,377.16 per accident victim. The motorists incurred the largest cost at P36,897.51 per victim and the passengers incurred the least cost at P 6,910.93 per victim. The medical expenses comprised 46 percent of the total cost, highlighting how motorcycle accidents pose a grave threat to health and to the household economy. Seriously injured victims incurred P170,594.98 per accident, while victims with minor injuries incurred P 9,002.29 per accident. The study recommends for: 1) strict enforcement of road safety and traffic rules and regulation; 2) identification of areas where motorcycle accidents are common and studying the physical layout of the area that could have contributed to the accidents; 3) studying the factors contributing to motorcycle accidents; 4) including the cost of motorcycle accidents on society in future similar studies; and 5) the estimation of the optimal number of motorcycles on the road, which could guide traffic program design.Item Issues of multi-actor collaboration in the fisheries sector: Localization of post-Yolanda rehabilitation frameworks in Roxas City, CapizBisan, Flora May D. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-05)As a calamity without peer, typhoon Yolanda can be perceived as an event that brought about a challenging political landscape for Northern Panay communities. The extent of the damage incurred from the typhoon in 2013 stimulated large-scale rehabilitation activities from multiple actors which entailed two things: first is the evolution of the functions of government agencies for the fisheries sector and second is the introduction of non-government actors in the playing field. Local Government Units and civil society organizations are important political institutions because of their direct contact with the community making them the immediate responders during emergencies. However, Yolanda tends to unmake these political institutions as they face challenges with resources and program skills in fulfilling their mandates for rehabilitation. Using available secondary data, key informant interviews and focus group discussion, the study examines how the post — Yolanda Rehabilitation Frameworks are localized by these actors in carrying out their rehabilitation programs to restore the livelihoods of the affected individuals in the fisheries sector in Roxas City, Capiz. The study analyzes localization by examining the changes in the roles of government agencies on the fisheries sector and by looking into the extent of collaboration of multiple actors involved in rehabilitation through an integrated theoretical framework based on the Structural - Functional Theory by Talcott Parsons (1961) and the Levels of Community Linkage Model developed by Teresa Hogue (1993). This study provides a picture on how rehabilitation after Yolanda is presently being carried out by both the government and non-government actors which has critical implications for the recovery of client fishers.Item Inactivity: A phenomenological study of jobless college graduatesBerador, Joni Mae N. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-06)The study investigated the reason behind joblessness among college graduates. To provide ample data, four participants consented to participate in the study. Participants were two males and two females. Two participants came from affluent families and two from poor families. For detailed responses, the interview schedule included four topics: (1) infantilization, (2) concept of work, (3) social comparison, and (4) subjective well-being. The interview schedule consisted of open-ended questions and possible probing questions. The responses of the participants were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results show that joblessness of the participants was due to circumstances that prevented them from having stable jobs and which they did not overcome. Evidence of being infantilized was apparent in only one participant. Participants understand the value of hard work, but have different priorities in life. Results show all participants feel inferior when compared to their employed counterparts. AU four participants are not satisfied with their lives, and are aware that a lack of a work domain in their lives contributed to this. Two participants choose to ignore unpleasant feelings about their current situation so they can enjoy their lives more.Item Doors wide open? The attitudes of 82nd Infantry (Bantay Laya) Batallion straight male army personnel toward gay male army colleagues and civil-military operations stakeholdersBautista, Maria Theresa Louise; Mana-ay, Frances Ann (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-05)The Philippine Army is a male dominated bastion with a macho warrior culture. Its traditional functions of security and defense have long emphasized masculinity as an important foundation of the institution. Straight men have most of the power and influence in the organization. In 2009, the Armed Forces of the Philippines Lifted the gay ban, allowing gay men to serve in the military. The admission of gay men has become a sensitive issue and was viewed as a threat for the emasculation of the institution. There is an apprehension that allowing gay men to work in the army will negatively affect group cohesion and performance, thus, impairing its function as a force. There is also the probability that gay men who have become members of the army will be vulnerable to discrimination. Through focus group discussions, this paper compared the attitude of straight male army officers and enlisted personnel in the 82nd Infantry' Battalion toward the gay men they have encountered during civil military operations and toward their gay colleagues in the army. It also looked into the actual behavior of the straight male army members and the degree of stigmatization experienced by the gay men inside the camp. Their work environment (civil-military operations, combat and office work), living conditions, and leisure were evaluated. The straight male army officers’ concept of masculinity was also assessed. The policy responses of the institution after the lift of gay ban were looked into. A key-informant interview with a self-identified gay male army officer was also conducted. This research showed that the Philippine army does not completely accept gay men as part of the institution. In the workplace, gay male members of the army are underestimated and indirectly discriminated in a way that they are not usually sent to combat operations but are mostly assigned to civil-military operations work. This is because of the prevailing stereotype that they are soft and feminine. In the camp’s living conditions, it was found out that some of the straight army members are uncomfortable with the presence of gay men. Superior ranking officers also expressed their sentiment saying that gay male army members may tarnish the reputation of the institution which takes pride in their masculinity. There is also no policy inside the camp that safeguards the welfare of gay men and protects them from discrimination. This goes to show that the Philippine Military is not ready for the lift of gay ban and is yet to set a non discriminatory environment for the admission of gay men in the institution.Item To run or not to run: Intentions of politicians to participate in politicsBautista, Michelle M.; Del Rosario, Teri S. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-05)The overall purpose of the study was to investigate the intentions of Filipino politicians to participate in politics, guided by Leek Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior. The study employed qualitative methodology involving a total of 10 interviews with political candidates from the province of Aklan. Participants were recruited using criterion sampling. Results showed that attitude towards political participation, perceived pressure from the public, political parties, and family members, belief in one’s capacity to pursue political activities, and past experience largely influence the intentions of politicians to engage in politics; and their intentions, in turn, were translated into actual political participation. Past experience and belief in one’s capacity to pursue political activities were found to directly influence political engagement, and all identified factors were also found to be associated with one another. The relationships of all the constructs were consistent with our modified model of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Overall, the study offered support to the use of qualitative methodology in utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior as a theoretical framework. The study also provided evidence that past experience could be included in the model of the Theory of Planned Behavior.Item Perceived stress, social support and coping strategies on retired teachers' psychological well-beingBarcelona, Mary Racelyn T. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-05)Retirement poses significant changes in the lives of the old age population. Along with this are changes in social networks, activities and life outcomes. To examine perceived stress, social support, coping strategies and psychological well-being among retired teachers in Tigbauan, Iloilo, qualitative and quantitative measures were conducted to 41 retired teachers. In general, retired teachers perceive low levels of stress. Factors that contribute to perceived stress are health conditions, financial concerns, family problems and current activities. Social support, which is provided primarily by family and friends, is experienced in high levels. In terms of coping, emotion-focused coping is engaged in by the majority. The leading specific coping strategy they employ is praying or going to church. The majority experience positive levels of psychological well-being, which can be predicted using the variable of social support, as revealed by regression analysis.Item A comparative study of marital satisfaction, trust and intimacy among wives in long distance and geographically close relationshipsAurecencia, Lory Stel Z.; Lorenzo, Ma. Concepcion A. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2014-03)This study aims to know and compare the marital satisfaction, trust and intimacy of wives in long distance and geographically close relationships. Forty (40) wives of seafarers from Miagao, Iloilo were selected through referral sampling for the long distance relationship and 40 wives from Lapaz, Iloilo City were selected through convenience sampling for the geographically close relationship. Four (4) respondents were interviewed for each type of relationship. Four (4) instruments were utilized namely: Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale, Trust in Close Relationships Scale, Miller Social Intimacy Scale, and an interview guide developed by the researchers. Results showed that the respondents are generally satisfied, trusting, and are intimate with their partners. Wives in long distance and geographically close relationships do not significantly differ in marital satisfaction and trust but significantly differ in intimacy. Furthermore, distance does not significantly affect marital satisfaction and trust but there is a moderately negative correlation between distance and intimacy.Item Necropolitics: Panay's tumandok burial grounds and the Jalaur River Multipurpose Project Phase II (JRMP II)Balani, Mar Anthony B.; Mangilog, Jude M. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-05)The study describes the implications of Tumandok’s (Indigenous Peoples of Central Panay) burial grounds right in the location of the proposed Jalaur River Multipurpose Project Phase II (JRMP-II). The JRMP-II is a development project however appears to be a destructive force to the Indigenous Peoples burial grounds. The study uses the interviews conducted with the Tumandok elders as key informants, personnel of offices in-charge of the construction of JRMP- II, identification and mapping of burial grounds, and close reading of international and domestic laws on and protection of sacred sites experiences. This study argues that burial grounds should be seen as a form of resistance to state sponsored development project as supported by international examples of jurisprudence and laws on the protection of sacred sites and the deep sense of conservation of the Indigenous Peoples for their hallowed grounds. This places Indigenous Peoples’ burial grounds in a pivotal role in the perspective of necropolitics as a material evidence of contestation on State policies. This study hopes to expand the notion of necropolitics by including the power to influence by the dead and their burial grounds on the aggressive policies of the state.Item Artisanal fishers: Knowledge on disaster risk, psychological preparedness, and psychosocial factors of resiliencyBalan, Anna Gabriell D. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-05)This study examined the knowledge on disaster risk, psychological preparedness for disaster threat and psychosocial factors of resiliency among artisanal fishers after typhoon Yolanda. Eighty-eight artisanal fishers participated in eight focus group discussions (FGDs) with 8-15 members each. They were administered a Hiligaynon-translated subscale of the Psychological Preparedness for Disaster Threat Scale or PPDTS (Zulch, Morrissey, Reser & Creed, 2012) and were asked questions guided by the developed Knowledge on Disaster Risk interview schedule and Psychosocial Factors of Resiliency interview schedule. Results showed that participants became more knowledgeable on disaster risk after typhoon Yolanda. Their knowledge is influenced by internal and external factors. They also displayed a high psychological preparedness for disaster threat. Psychosocial factors of resiliency that worked best for the participants are being resourceful and initiating a self-help strategy, assuming family- responsibility, faith in God, and material support coming from the different institutions.