UPV Theses and Dissertations
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Item Community structure, biomass productivity and carbon stock assessment of mangroves in Barangay Tabon, Batan Bay, AklanBermeo, Ma. Ramela Angela C. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2013-04)The study aimed to assess the community structure, biomass productivity, and carbon stock assessment of mangroves in Barangay Tabon, Batan Bay, Aklan using the plot method. Specifically, it aimed to: 1. determine selected physical and chemical factors such as water salinity, water pH, soil temperature and characterization of soil substrates, 2. identify true mangrove species present in the area, 3. describe the community structure in terms of Stand Basal Area, Stems per Hectare, Relative Density, Relative Frequency, Relative Dominance, Importance Value, Shannon-Index of Diversity, Zonation Pattern, Seedling and Sapling Density, 4. assess the biomass productivity (both wood biomass, and litter fall), 5. estimate the amount of carbon stored in the mangrove forest (using allometric equation). A total of twenty-one true mangrove species belonging to 12 families were identified. Family Rhizophoraceae was the most represented with five species namely Bruguiera cylindrica, Ceriops decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, and R. stylosa. The rest were also well represented namely Family Avicenniaceae- Avicennia alba, A. officinalis, A. marina, and A. rumphiana; Family Combretaceae- Lumnitzera littorea and Limnutzera racemosa; Family Sonneratiaceae- Sonneratia alba, and Sonneratia caseolaris; Family Acanthaceae- Acanthus ebracteatus; Family Bombacaceae- Camptostemon philippinensis; Family Euphorbiaceae- Excoecaria agallocha; Family Meliaceae- Xylocarpus moluccensis; Family Myrsinaceae- Aegiceras corniculatum; Family Myrtaceae- Osbornia octodonta; Family Arecaceae- Nypa fruticans; Family Rubiaceae- Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea. Basal area ranged from 0.11m2/ha for Ceriops decandra to 68.78m2/ha for Sonneratia alba. Avicennia marina had the highest stems per hectare with 22,600 stems/ha, while Bruguiera cylindrica had the lowest with 100 stems/ha. Avicennia marina occurred in all plots with 137 trees/ha and had the highest relative density of 38.38% and relative frequency of 38.42%. Sonneratia alba had the highest relative dominance of 48.49% while the lowest was Ceriops decandra with 0.08%. Avicennia alba, Bruguiera cylindrica, and Ceriops decandra had the lowest relative densities and frequencies at 0.3%. The most important species was Avicennia marina (107.6) and the least important species was Ceriops decandra (0.68). The area was considered to be diverse at 0.7206. On per transect basis, the highest index of diversity recorded was in Transect 2, while the lowest was in Transect 1. Avicennia and Sonneratia species occured both in the low intertidal zone (seaward) and mid-intertidal zone (transitional zone). Rhizophora, Nypa, Camptostemon, Osbornia, Lumnitzera, Bruguiera, Ceriops, Exoecaria, and Aegiceras were found in the mid-intertidal zone (transitional zone). Xylocarpus, Scyphiphora, and Acanthus occurred in high intertidal zone (landward). Avicennia rumphiana had the highest seedlings density of 1001 seedlings/ha, whereas Rhizophora mucronata had the highest saplings density of 96 saplings/ha. The lowest seedling and sapling density was Rhizophora apiculata (Iseedling/ha) and Camptostemon philippinensis (lsapling/ha) respectively. The species with the highest computed biomass of 1,287.78 tons/ha and carbon stock of 579.5 tons/ha was Sonneratia alba. The lowest was Ceriops decandra with biomass of 0.06 tons/ha and carbon stock of 0.03 tons/ha. A total of 2,080 tons/ha biomass and 936.34 tons/ha carbon stock was determined. Based on the litter fall, Transect 2 has the highest leaf fall weighing 580.4g. Litter weight was highest in January 2013 and lowest in December 2012 in all sampling sites.Item Comparative analysis of the gut content of Scylla de Haan, 1833 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Portunidae) collected from the rivers of poblacion Sapian, CapizBautista, Florey Jane O. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2013-04)The natural diet for various sizes and both sexes of the mud crab Scylla sp. collected from the river located at Brgy. Poblacion Sapian Capiz, Philippines was determined. Gut content analysis was conducted for the mud crabs ranging from 30- 109.99 mm carapace width. Results showed that predominant food of mud crab Scylla sp. consists of crustaceans such as shrimps and crabs as well, fish, mollusk, sand shells, unidentified egg, and even plants. Most of the gut content however, consists of chyme due to heavy mastication and presence of the gastric mills that digest the food. There is no ontogenetic shift or difference in the diet as well as diet difference between male and female crabs. The results were discussed in relation with the species’ feeding patterns and the effect of the diet on the maturation of the crab:Item Influence of tidal levels on meiofaunal communities in a rocky shore area in Taklong Island National Marine Reserve, GuimarasBarbasa, Maria Carla A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2013-04)Rocky shores present an exuberant richness of life, which can be attributed to the hard substrate provided by rocks, necessary for the attachment of sessile organisms. There are many factors affecting community structure in rocky shores, including tidal levels. Tidal levels affect communities by periodically exposing them to air, causing drying up and dessication. Among those affected are meiofauna. Meiofauna in rocky shores are the least studied of all habitats, thus this study serves as baseline information regarding meiofauna in rocky shores, particularly in TINMAR, and how tidal levels affect them. Sorting and identification of meiofauna from 18 samples (5 TST, 5 TLT, 4 TMT, 4 THT) yielded 17 identified taxa, with Harpacticoids being numerically dominant followed by Tanaids (Copepods) and Polychaetes. Mean meiofaunal abundance was found to higher in lower tides (low and sub-tide), but differences were not statistically significant. A similar lack of significant differences between transects was shown for abundances of all and common taxa in edge or mid-section quadrats, although abundances appeared to be higher in low and sub-tidal transects. Cluster analyses based on similarities in abundance of taxa in the transect quadrats showed which asemblages are characteristic of mid- and high tide levels (Insect larvae and Sipunculids). Nematodes, which are typically dominant in soft-bottom substrates, were also most abundant in the upper intertidal in the present study. Other taxa like Tanaids, on the other hand, were more abundant in the low intertidal and subtidal transects. Harpacticoids were observed to be dominant in higher tides.Item Acute toxicity of polysolve oil dispersant to Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linn.) fryAtas, Bryan B. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2011-03)Forty eight hour (48h) static bioassays were conducted to determine the toxicity of Polysolve oil dispersant to Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry. Median lethal concentrations (LC50) were 1.03, 0.79, 0.70, 0.45, and 0.39% for 24, 30, 42, and 48h, respectively. Polysolve is highly toxic to Nile tilapia fry at low concentrations. Results showed increasing toxicity over increasing length of exposure. It is therefore recommended that Polysolve must not be used in oil spill response. Sublethal effects of the dispersant on the fry include decreased activity and impaired responsesItem Spatial variations of Benthic meiofauna communities from Palompon Bay, Northern LeyteBalasa, Melvy June (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2013-04)Meiofauna play a significant role in maintaining ecological balance in marine ecosystems especially in the dynamics of the seagrass meadows. The meiofauna links the upper trophic level with detritus-feeding organisms. Only few studies have been conducted in the Philippines, while no studies have been. This study was conducted in Palompon, northern Leyte in November 2011, to determine the spatial distribution of meiobenthic fauna in the area and to compare community structure in terms of species composition, species density, and species diversity among five stations included in the survey. Twenty taxa were identified with nematodes being numerically dominant, followed by harpacticoid copepods. It also showed the highest mean abundance for the entire habitat type. The overall mean density was 194585.1528 ind. m2, with the highest population at station 4. And the lowest population was recorded at station 2. Soft bottom habitat showed the highest recorded mean density among the 5 stations, Harpacticoids mostly dominated sandy substrate while nematodes were widely distributed.Item Antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of selected basidiomycetes from UPV, Miagao, Iloilo PhilippinesAmbubuyog, Marja Victoria U. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2013-03)The Basidiomycetes represent an enormous source for natural products with diverse chemical structures and wideranging antimicrobial activity. This study was done to investigate the antibacterial property of selected species of basidiomycetes aqueous and methanolic extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Specifically, it aimed to (1) determine the antibacterial activity of the aqueous extract of selected species of basidiomycetes in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on the zone of inhibition; (2) determine the antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract of selected species of basidiomycetes in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on the zone of inhibition; and (3) compare the aqueous and methanolic extracts of selected species of basidiomycetes in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on the zone of inhibition. A total number of ten species were collected namely Auricularia sp., Schizophyllum sp., Trametes pubescens, Trametes versicolor, Trametes elegans, Ganoderma sp.(l), Ganoderma sp.(2), Stereum sp. and two unknowns. Dried samples were crushed and extracted with water and methanol. Antibacterial activity was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The results showed a negative to weak inhibition against the test microorganisms which is inconsistent with the results of previous studies. It could possibly be attributed to the preparation of the samples and the fruiting body maturity that influenced the antibacterial potential of the samples. It appears that fruiting bodies used in the present study may not be reliable sources of bioactive compounds for antibacterial activity.Item Growth and nutritional content of red seaweed Gracilaria bailinae (Zhang et. al., 1995) grown under different fertilization schemeAlmojuela, Kristine Marie T. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2012-04)The accelerated development of fish aquaculture has caused many environmental problems. The most evident effects resulting from this activity is the increase in organic material, the reduction in dissolved oxygen and the excessive rise in inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorous and carbon dioxide. The integration of seaweeds to fed cultured species has long been recognized as promising approach to reduce the excess nutrients released by aquaculture activity. The nitrogen and phosphate uptake kinetics, growth and nutritional content of the seaweed Gracilaria bailinae were studied in a series of outdoor tanks, fertilized with commercial fertilizer (NH4CI, NaNO3, and Na2HPO4) and shrimp culture waste water. The nutritional content of G. bailinae before and after fertilization was also determined through proximate analysis. Results showed a significant removal of dissolved nutrients by G. bailinae, although definite uptake rate could not be determined since the data were erratic and Michaelis-Menten model could not be applied. Seaweeds fertilized with shrimp waste water showed best specific growth rate (1.37±0.2 % d-1) over other fertilization scheme. This suggests that shrimp pond effluents could promote good growth on G. bailinae. Local G. bailinae had high protein content per se (14%) but became more enhanced when fertilized with commercial or shrimp waste water (23-32%). In contrast, its carbohydrate content dropped when heavily fertilized from 39% to 19%.Item Species composition, distribution and abundance of trees on a 4-hectare site adjacent to the football field Area of UPV Miag-ao, IloiloAlpuerto, Elise Raymond C. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2013-04)A four-hectare plot adjacent to the Football Field of UPV Miagao was chosen as the study area. The local name and scientific name of each tree in the plot were identified. GBH and height of trees were noted. Basal Area, Index of Dominance, Index of Diversity and Frequency were also noted. In addition, the distribution of trees in relation with soil and air temperature and relative humidity were also noted. Eight hundred fifty-eight trees were identified inside the 4 hectare plot. The trees were identified excluding seedlings of these trees. Twenty species of trees were identified in the sampling site. The top 5 most numerous species are Acacia, “Aratiles", “Mangga", “Kawayan” and “Gmelina”. The computed value of Index of Dominance is higher compared to the Index of Diversity, indicating that the area is not diverse and that certain species dominates the area. The distribution of trees is affected by the temperature ranging from 19.2 C to 39C.Item Utilization of cow manure in microbial fuel cellsAlcanzo, Jan Hilary A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2012-04)Resource recycling and the proper treatment of animal waste to reduce its environmental impact are currently important issues for the livestock industry. A microbial fuel cell (MFC) offers the possibility of harvesting electricity from fuel sources that are generally microbially degradable organic matter. The generation of electricity from cow manure in different treatments was investigated. A two-chambered MFC was constructed from accessible and inexpensive materials. Data were recorded and collected every day for 35 days. The MFC with the 20% cow manure with rice stalk yielded the highest power output of 32.028 mW/m³ and the highest current density of 69.022 mA/cm2. The addition of another substrate, and therefore, another fuel source for the bacteria, added to the electricity produced by the cow manure alone. Results of the study show that it is possible to use MFCs to generate electricity from cow manure. Further studies are needed to realize the full potential of cow manure as a fuel source for MFCs as well as to lessen its contribution to the wastes in the environment.Item Species composition , abundance and distribution of trees ina 4.3-hectare plot adjacent to the Mat-y gate of the University of the Philippines Visayas Main Campus,Miagao, IloiloAlaban, Annaveve Rose M. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2013-04)A 4.3-hectare plot across the UPV tennis court extending to the Mat-y gate of the campus was the area of study. The local names of each tree were identified. The girth- at-breast-height (GBH) and approximate height of trees were also recorded. From the data gathered, the Basal Area, Index of Dominance and Index of Diversity were computed. One thousand one hundred forty-five trees were found in the 4.3-hectare plot comprised of fifteen species of trees commonly known as “Eucalyptus”, “Acacia”, “Kamonsil”, “Narra”, “Mahogany”, “Talisay”, “Payhod”, “Agho”, “Apyan”, “Gmelina”, “Ipil-ipil”, “Bugto-tae”, “Indian Tree”, “Lamnog” and “Tabong”. The value of the Index of Dominance is higher compared to the value of the Index of Diversity, which means that a species is exerting greater influence compared to other species. Eucalyptus is the most dominant tree species in the area of study which is 75.63% of the whole population. The distribution of trees in the 4.3-hectare plot is not random and is mainly influenced by human intervention since it is a secondary forest.