UPV Theses and Dissertations
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Item Bioaccumulation of cadmium, copper and lead by Hydrilla (Hydrilla vericillata)Baniago, Arjay C. (Division of Pysical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2007-04)Bioaccumulation of cadmium, copper, and lead by Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) were tested to 5 different initial concentrations. The water contaminant sample was composed of mixed cadmium, copper and lead metals supplied as nitrate salts. These were analyzed for the decrease in concentrations at 24-hour intervals for 5 days using the SpectrAA 55B Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Plants exposed only for 5 days were digested and analyzed. The plant growth was normal at lower concentrations and showed higher removal efficiency. H. verticillata showed maximum removal percentage on the 5th day of exposure at 5 mg L-1 for cadmium (90.47%) and copper (95.20%) but for lead was on the 1st day (96.74%). The order of metal ion removal and the actual uptake for the three metals by H. verticillata is Pb>Cu>Cd, but at lower concentration, cadmium was absorbed more than copper. The copper and lead uptakes by H. verticillata are superior as compared to other aquatic plants uptakes. Lead uptake at higher concentrations might be due to physicochemical adsorption of the metal to the plant components and not on metabolism-mediated uptake, because plant condition does not have an adverse effect on the uptakeItem Fishermen's Association of Malalison Island: Its role in managing the fishery resourcesBanagodos, June Arthur; Santotome, Jan (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2001-04-01)This study, describes the evolution of FAMI as a fishery association and the role it played in the management of the fishery resources. Objectives of this study are: (1) to describe the emergence of the FAMI organization in the island barangay of Malalison, Culasi, Antique; (2) Document the support it obtained from government and nongovernmental partner organizations (i.e., SEAFDEC, PROCESS and the LGU); (3) to analyze the members’ understanding of, and participation in the collective management of fishery resources in Malalison Island; (4) to identify the changing roles assumed by FAMI members with regards to the sharing of management authority and responsibilities with government and other institutions for the management of fishery resources, and; (5) to analyze the ways by which FAMI activities can further contribute to the local community. FAMI effectively co-manage coastal fishery resources. This organizational activity also helps in the improvement of the living conditions of the small-scale fishers as well as decelerates the rapid depletion of the marine resources. Despite substantial trainings/seminars (pertaining to organizational strengthening, cooperative management, etc.,) FAMI members received from partner organizations, the association has problems on organizational matters, specially when partner organization SEAFDEC AQD formally turned over the full responsibility in managing the fishery resources to FAMI. This problem can be attributed to people’s attitude towards fellow member-fishers. People tend to look at NGOs or development programs as source of grants. The dole-out mentality of the people in marginalized communities such as Malalison is very prevalent. Interest in the program is not on how to sustain their development initiatives but more on how to survive and secure themselves first. The spirit of cooperativism is lost.Item Zooplankton composition, abundance and diversity in selected Municipalities of Negros Occidental and AklanAusan, Aisa Marie U. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-06)Zooplankton samples were collected last May and June 2014 from 20 stations in the vicinity of Kalibo, Aklan and Pontevedra, San Enrique, and Valladolid, Negros Occidental. Three hundred fifty-three (353) liters of water were filtered per station thru a 5m vertical haul of plankton net with a diameter of 30cm and a mesh size of 20μm. Overall zooplankton densities were higher in Negros Occidental, specifically in Valladolid (D=1915.3 cells/L), than in Kalibo, Aklan (D=7.2 cells/L). On the other hand, zooplankton community was most diverse in Kalibo (H’ = 2.6) compared to Valladolid (H’=1.3), San Enrique (H’=2.1) and Pontevedra (H’=1.8). Jaccard’s similarity index was highest between Pontevedra and San Enrique while lowest between Valladolid and Kalibo. In Kalibo there were four major groups of zooplankton. Most dense of these were the tintinnids (3.9 cells/L) followed by copepods (2.5 cells/L), molluscs (7xlOE-lcells/L) and polychaetes (IxlOE-lcell/L). Among the copepods Subeucalanus was the most abundant zooplankton genus. In Pontevedra and San Enrique, Negros Occidental, copepods were the most abundant group with a mean density of 205.3 cells/L and 312.1 cells/L, respectively. The relative abundance ofAcartia (36.5%) and Longipedia (22.6%) made them the dominant zooplankton genera in Pontevedra and San Enrique, respectively. Like in Kalibo, the tintinnids were also the most abundant group in Valladolid (1879.2 cells/L). Copepods followed with a mean density of 35.7 cells/L, while Polychaetes comprised only 4xlOE-l cells/L. Epiplocylis was the most abundant tintinnid in Valladolid while Xystonella in Kalibo. Varying sampling time within months and day is the possible cause of the differences in zooplankton abundance, composition, and diversity since some zooplankton species undergo diel vertical migration.Item Mud crab (Scylla serrata) shells for the removal of humic acids from Santa Barbara well waterAsdillo, Reina Jean A. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2010-04)The chemical contamination of drinking water from a wide range of contaminants such as humic acids can potentially lead to health-related in living organisms, especially humans. In rural areas of the Philippines, the use of low cost methods to remove water pollutants is, therefore, of great interest. In this study, osterized mud crab (Scylla serrata) shells or exoskeletons from cooked crab wastes were used to remove humic acids from the Santa Barbara well water. Adsorption experiments were done to evaluate its capacity to remove humic acids from the well water. Adsorption Isotherms and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy were employed to study the characteristics of the adsorption of humic acids onto the OSSE (osterized Scylla serrata exoskeletons). Adsorption experiments showed that at an average 1.0010 g of OSSE and after six hours of agitation, an average 74.95% of humic substances were removed from 50 mL of Montinola, Santa Barbara well water sample. Isotherm experiments showed that the experimental data can be fitted in both Langmuir and Freundlich models with low K values of 0.0235 L/mg and 0.4450 (mg/g)(L/mg), respectively. Based on the results of the above experiments, OSSE is a good adsorbent for humic acids in well waters (although more research need to be done on the removal of the substances remaining in the water after OSSE treatment) and the U-OSSE (used osterized Scylla serrata exoskeletons) can possibly be recycled.Item Survey of pathogenic bacteria in bottom sediments of Iloilo River: An assessment of water sanitary qualityAraneta, Karla Teresa S.; Bugayong, Adrienne Marrie S.; Cabanilla, Jennifer C.; Caro, Mary Ann Gina C.; Gayatgay, Christian Era U.; Nufuar, Ernest Jan T.; Rufino Krystal Hope S. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2009-03)This study assessed the water sanitary quality of the Iloilo River by determining the monthly heterotophic plate count (HPC), total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), and fecal streptococcus (FS) counts of the bottom sediments in five sampling sites from October 2008 to February 2009. These parameters were then correlated with the physico-chemical parameters that were additionally obtained from the river water. The presence of Salmonella spp, E. coli. Vibrio spp, and fecal Streptococcus were also determined as indicators of the pathogenic bacteria in the bottom sediments of the Iloilo River. Using the FC:FS ratio, the study further distinguished fecal contamination sources from each site as human, animal, or mixed in origin. An assessment of sediment quality was done using DENR standards for TC and Kohl and Albinger's sediment quality criteria for HPC and FC. Sediment samples were taken from the following sampling sites along the Iloilo River: 1) Forbes. 2) Dungon, 3) IBRD, 4) Carpenter's, and 5) So-oc. No significant difference in any of the physico-chemical or microbiological parameters were found among sampling stations. However, analysis and comparison of the microbiological parameters of bottom sediments in terms of months showed significant temporal variability HPC, TC, and FC alternately decrease and increase every month while FS showed a generally increasing trend. The following correlations between the microbiological and physico-chemical parameters were found. 1) temperature with HPC and FS , 2) salinity with FS count, and 3) dissolved oxygen concentration with TC and FC Counts. The mean percentage of bottom sediment samples with Salmonella ranged from 3% to 10% while more than half of samples from all sampling sites showed the presence of Vibrio spp. and S. faecalis. Samples with E.coli from all sites ranged from 3 to 14%. Fecal contamination sources varied across sampling sites. So-oc show ed mostly animal sources as its orgin of fecal contamination, while other sites had either animal, human or mixed sources. S. faecalis and E. coli exhibited multiple antibiotic resistance, a grow ing health concent in many of today's rivers. All isolates were susceptible to Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin but resistant to Penicillin. Based on HPC and FC values the degree of loading with easily decomposable organic substance and feces among the sampling sites ranges from very little to little. TC count of the sediment samples from all the sites does not exceed the limit of 5000 CFU/ 100ml set by the DENR. Results suggest that sediments were not a significant reservoir of bacterial pollution at the time this study was conducted.Item Risk zone mapping of 2010 dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever cases in the Province of Iloilo based on land coverAndrada, Thresdale; Cañonero, Gertrude Mikee; España, Regine Marie; Puno, Abigail; Sarangaya, Dorothy Rose; Tan, Leonard; Tejada, Ma. Corazon (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2013-04)Dengue is considered as one of the most important vector-borne diseases in many tropical and subtropical countries. Iloilo Province had 8201 cases in 2010. Heterogeneity in the risk of disease transmission results from spatial heterogeneity in both land use and land cover. Thus, the present study was conducted to identify the risk zones of Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Province of Iloilo in 2010 based on land cover types by using GIS software. Results of the study show that all land covers in the 6th district pose moderately low risk on dengue incidence. In the case of the 1st district of Iloilo, on the other hand, water bodies have the highest probability of dengue incidence, while the rest of the districts (2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th). built-up areas have the highest probability of dengue incidence. The land cover type in Iloilo, therefore, with the highest risk for dengue incidence are built up areas due to its high population density, multitude of households and stagnant water areas.Item Water politics: The influence of power politics in accessing domestic water at Hamtic and Sibalom, AntiqueAller, Emmanuel C.; Macuja, Yra Frances O. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2017-06)Philippines has a total annual renewable water of 479 billion cubic meters from surface and groundwater sources (ADB. 2013). Despite this seeming abundance, water supply remains scarce and unequally distributed among rural communities. To address this gap, the national government has come up with various funding mechanisms for small domestic water infrastructure projects. This paper describes the different features of the barangay governmentrun water projects in Hamtic and Sibalom, Antique, funded through Congressional Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) from 2003-2013. It examines how formal mechanisms (government funding process) and informal arrangements (clientelism and power politics), influenced the access of barangays to water projects. It also describes how distance from the project site, financial capability, quality of water service, and relationship between households and incumbent politicians influenced people’s water access from the barangay government-run water utility once completed. Interviews among district officer, managers, barangay captains; and survey on 80 and 79 households in the two locales were utilized. Clientelism and power politics was found to have a general effect on how funds for water was allocated and accessed by the barangay from amongst many in the Congressional district. However, such was not prevalent in individual to barangay level of access.Item Heavy metal concentrations in sediments from Batan Bay and its tributariesAndrada, Mary Royce D. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2014-04)The concentration of three heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu) in sediments from Batan Bay and its tributaries were determined in order to assess the degree of contamination of sediments in the said area. The samples were digested following the Method 3050B of US Environmental Protection Program (EPA, 1996). The heavy metal concentrations were determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (FAAS). Results show that the heavy metal concentrations ranged from n.d. - 2.57 mg/kg dry weight (dw) for Cd; 16.44-143.02 mg/kg dw for Cu; and 3.18-28.53 mg/kg dw for Pb. Sediment sample collected from BTN #10 has the highest Cd concentration while sediment sample collected from BTN 052 which is a rice field in Batan, Aklan registered the highest Pb and Cu concentrations. Three sediment quality guidelines (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Canadian Sediment Quality Guideline and Hong Kong Sediment Quality Guideline) were employed to assess the metal contamination in sediments. The concentrations of Cd and Pb in all sites did not exceed the maximum permissible limits set by the three guidelines. As for Cu, BTN 052 exceeded the Upper Chemical Exceedance Level set by Hong Kong SQG. Correlation analysis showed that there is a significant correlation (p <0.01) between Pb and Cu indicating possible similar source input. Special attention must be given to BTN 052 since the levels of the studied heavy metals are high in this area. The results can be used as basis for the pollution level of sediments from Batan Bay and its tributaries. Special consideration should be given to BTN 052 since all of the test metals are significantly high in this area. It is also suggested to in identify the primary sources of metal contamination in this area.Item Willingness-to-pay for the conservation of Mararison Island and its surrounding waters in Culasi, AntiqueAguirre, Angelluz C.; Jauod, Ferly Mae P. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-06)The island of Mararison in the municipality of Culasi, Antique Province is rich in natural resources and its beautiful scenic view has been attracting tourists. Overtime, the number of tourists has increased, making the island and its surrounding waters vulnerable to degradation. Protection and conservation of the island and its surrounding waters will promote its sustainability. This study was conducted to determine the willingness-to-pay (WTP) of the local residents of the municipality of Culasi for the conservation of Mararison Island and its surrounding waters. The study also described the socio-demographic and economic characteristics, level of awareness, knowledge and attitude towards the conservation and the reasons for the willingness to pay of the residents for the conservation of the island and its surrounding waters. The Contingent Valuation Method was used to determine the study participants’ WTPs. Binary logit regression was conducted to identify the factors affecting the study participants’ WTP. A pilot-tested interview schedule was used to collect data from 300 randomly selected study participants in 10 barangays in the municipality of Culasi in January to April 2016. The results showed that 86 percent of the study participants were willing to pay (with adjustment to certainty) for the conservation program. Without adjustment to the level of certainty, the annual household income, the randomly assigned bid prices, and knowledge index were the variables that affect the willingness-to-pay of the study participants. With adjustment to the level of certainty, the age, educational attainment (elementary and high school), knowledge index and randomly assigned bid prices were the variables that affect the willingness-to-pay of the study participants. The annual mean WTP of the study participants with and without adjustment to the level of certainty were Pl66 and Pl40, respectively. This study can be used by the municipality of Culasi as basis in planning for the conservation program of the Mararison Island and its surrounding waters.Item Antibiotic resistance patterns of selected pathogenic bacteria isolated from water and bottom sediments in the Iloilo tidal inlet (Iloilo River)Agustin, Eda Mae S.; Cabrias, Ligaya April May S.; Fuentebella, Elaine Joyce V.; Gestuveo, Rommel J.; Lagon, Raymond Anthonn Kriztee J.; Saldajeno, Cypruz Anne L.; Tunguia, Saer Martin J.; Villanueva, Regene Patricia Natividad V. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2010-03)In recent years, antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria has become a public health concern. Although little is known of its environmental implications the presence of both potentially pathogenic bacteria and fecal coliform in rivers and other bodies of water raises the question of whether resistance transfer may actually occur in bodies of water. In relation, the Iloilo River for one has experienced changes in both ecological and sanitary conditions. With this threatening problem of both ecological and fecal pollution, the river could harbor microflora that could be of public health concern. Using the Kirby-Bauer Method, this study generally aims to determine the antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolates (E. coli, S. typhi and V. cholerae) from water and bottom sediment samples from selected sampling areas in Iloilo River, Iloilo City. Stock cultures of bacterial isolates were obtained from the UPV-National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (UPV-NIMBB) and were subjected to antibiotic resistance analysis using 12 different antibiotic classes. Results showed varying degrees of resistance in all of the sampling sites and species. Most isolates were highly resistant to penicillin and oxacillin and least resistant to ciprofloxacin. Multidrug-resistant isolates were also observed in all of the sampling sites and species. More isolates from bottom sediments were observed to be highly resistant than the isolates from water samples. Pearson correlation revealed that the antibiotic resistance patterns among the different species isolated from the different sources and sampling sites appeared to vary in a systematic manner indicative of a similar mechanism of antibiotic resistance development.